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Research Article
Erythraeid mites (Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from Saudi Arabia, description of three new species and a new record
expand article infoMuhammad Kamran‡, Fahad J. Alatawi‡
‡ King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
† Deceased author

Corresponding author: Muhammad Kamran ( kamran1513@gmail.com )

Academic editor: Andre Bochkov
© 2014 Muhammad Kamran, Fahad J. Alatawi.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Kamran M, Alatawi F (2014) Erythraeid mites (Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) from Saudi Arabia, description of three new species and a new record. ZooKeys 445: 77-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.445.7861
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:77E0ED86-A7A0-4421-B502-96B55BD59EA2
Open Access

Abstract

Three erythraeid genera Balaustium von Heyden, Charletonia Oudemans, and Erythraeus Latreille (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) are reported for first time from Saudi Arabia based on three new larval species, B. yousifi sp. n., C. bahaensis sp. n., and E. (Erythraeus) uhadisp. n. and one new record Erythraeus (Zaracarus) lancifer Southcott. All the three new species are described and illustrated from larvae.

Keywords

Balaustium , Charletonia , Erythraeus , Riyadh

Introduction

Mites of the family Erythraeidae (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) are generally predators at postlarval stages, feeding upon various arthropods. However larvae of most erythraeids are parasites of different arthropods including insects e.g. bugs, grasshoppers, flies, aphids, etc. (Southcott 1961, 1991; Goldarazena et al. 2000; Gerson et al. 2003; Saboori and Cobanoglu 2010).

The genus Erythraeus Latreille comprises two subgenera, Erythraeus Latreille, 1806 and Zaracarus Southcott, 1995. The subgenus Erythraeus includes 93 species. Among these, 45 species are known from larvae (Khanjani et al. 2012; Mąkol and Wohltmann 2012, 2013). The subgenus Zaracarus includes 27 species that all have been described from larvae (Mąkol and Wohltmann 2012, 2013). More than 50% of all larval species of subgenus Erythraeus have been recorded as parasites on Heteroptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera and other insects whereas others were captured free living on herbaceous plants (Haitlinger 2012; Khanjani et al. 2010, 2012; Kamran et al. 2013; Stroiński et al. 2013).

The genus Charletonia Oudemans comprises 117 species: two species described from both larvae and post larval stages; 92 species described only from larvae, and 23 species known only from post larval stages (Haitlinger 2007, Beron 2008; Mąkol and Wohltmann 2012, 2013). Most larval species of this genus were recorded as parasites on Orthoptera and Heteroptera (Haitlinger 2004a; Mayoral and Barranco 2011; Saboori et al. 2012; Haitlinger et al. 2014), however some larval species were recorded free living on herbaceous plants (Haitlinger 2004a, b; Hakimitabar and Saboori 2011). The free living larvae might be collected at early larval period while searching different hosts on herbaceous plants.

The genus Balaustium von Heyden widespread in the world, comprises 36 nominal species: 5 species described from both larval and post- larval stages, 17 described only from post larval stages, and 14 species based only on larvae (Mąkol et al. 2012; Mąkol and Wohltmann 2012). Larvae of Balaustium were generally collected from plants (Mayoral and Barranco 2009; Mąkol et al. 2012). Only B. wratislaviensis Haitlinger, 1996 was collected from different vertebrates species (Passeriformes: Paridae) (Haitlinger 1996). Family Erythraeidae is very poorly known in Saudi Arabia. Previously only Leptus tammuzi Haitlinger, 1994 was reported from this country (Haitlinger 1994). In this study, three genera, Balaustium, Charletonia and Erythraeus are reported for the first time from Saudi Arabia with three new species viz. B. yousifi sp. n., C. bahaensis sp. n. and E. (E.) uhadi sp. n. and one new record E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott.

Materials and methods

Three regions of Saudi Arabia, Al-Riyadh, Al-Madina and Baha, were surveyed for the collection of erythraeid mites during the years 2012–2013. Two collection methods were used: i) different plant parts were shaken over pieces of white paper and the mites were transferred using camel hair brush into 70% alcohol; ii) Tullgren funnels were used to extract mites from plant material brought to the laboratory. Mites parasitic on different insects were collected and preserved along with their hosts. Later, the mites were detached from their hosts under the stereomicroscope (Olympus®, SZX10, Japan). The collected mite specimens were cleared in Nesbitt’s fluid for 10–12 h. Subsequently, the specimens were mounted on slides in Hoyer’s medium, and dried in oven at 40 °C for one week. The mounted specimens were examined under a phase-contrast microscope (DM2500, Leica®, Germany). Temfig illustrations were either drawn with pencil by using a drawing tube (Olympus®, Japan) attached to the microscope, or different body parts of mites were pictured with an Auto-montage Software System (SYNCROSCOPY®, Cambridge, UK) attached to the microscope. Final processing of drawings was done in Adobe Illustrator (Adobe Systems Incorporated, USA). The terminology used in this study follows that of Haitlinger and Saboori (1996). All measurements are given in micrometers. The measurements in description refer to the holotype followed by as a range of paratypes in parenthesis.

Results and discussion

Family Erythraeidae Robineau-Desvoidy

Subfamily Erythraeinae Robineau-Desvoidy

Erythraeus Latreille

Type species

Acarus phalangoides (de Geer), by original designation.

Erythraeus (Erythraeus) uhadisp. n.

http://zoobank.org/D69C9E7F-7869-4556-9ABE-8485E7F66DEF
Figs 1–13

Diagnosis

(n=6). fn Bfe 3-3-3, IP 2519–2597, fnTi 14-15-15, fD 32, fV 10, AL 90-97, AP 32–35, PSE 80–87, Ti III 279-289, Ti II 180-196, Genu III 143-149.

Description

(Holotype larva):

Dorsum: Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of sensilla (ASE and PSE) and two pairs of setae (AL and PL). AL located slightly anterior to ASE bases, PSE present at posterior pole of scutum, Posterior pair of sensilla (PSE) more than three times longer than anterior pair ASE, both finely ciliated on their distal halves. Cuticular lines surround both sensilla. AL longer than PL, both with long dense barbs on their entire lengths. Prodorsal scutum almost pentagonal in shape, straight anteriorly, round posteriorly, widest at the level of PL setae (Fig. 3). Two pairs of eyes present at the level of posterior end of scutum dorsolaterally on idiosoma, anterior pair 24 (22–24) across, posterior pair 14 (13–14) across. Dorsal setae on idiosoma, 16 pairs (fD = 32), barbed and ranging in lengths from 29–61 (28–64)(Fig. 1).

Figures 1–4. 

Erythraeus (Erythraeus) uhadi sp. n., (Larva): 1 Dorsum 2 Venter 3 Scutum 4 Gnathosoma (left dorsal view, right ventral view) 4a Palptarsus.

Venter: Idiosoma ventrally bears setae 1a between coxae I, setae 3a slightly anterior to the area between coxae III; 1a 50 (48–54), 3a 28 (28–32) long; opisthogaster behind the coxae III with 10 setae (fV=10). All ventral setae with dense barbs. NDV = 32+10 = 42 (Fig. 1B). Coxae I-III each with one coxalae; all coxalae barbed. Coxalae 1b three times longer than 2b (Fig. 2).

Gnathosoma: Infracapitulum with one pair of nude hypostomal setae (Hy) 30 (30–34) and nude galealae (Ga) 23 (21–24), supracoxalae present, very small, peg-like. Palp five segmented, palpfemur and genu each with one barbed seta, palptibia with three barbed setae, tibial claw bifurcate. Palptarsus with one eupathidium, one solenidion, two smooth and four barbed setae including one long seta (Figs 4, 4a). Palp setal formula: fPp: 0-B-B-BBB2-NNBBBBζω.

Legs: Legs seven segmented with divided femora, all legs longer than body length; leg III the longest one, Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw like empodium. Chaetotaxy of leg segments: coxae 1–1–1; trochanters 1–1–1; basifemora 3–3–3; telofemora 5–5–5; genua 8+1σ+1κ – 8+1κ – 8; tibiae 14 + 2φ+ 1Cp + 1κ – 15 + 2φ – 15+1φ; tarsi 22 + 1ω + 1ε + 1Cp + 2ζ – 20+ 1ω + 1Cp + 2ζ – 20 + 1ζ (Figs 5–13).

Figures 5–7. 

Erythraeus (Erythraeus) uhadi sp. n., (Larva): 5 Trochanter, femur & genu I 6 Trochanter, femur & genu II 7 Trochanter, femur & genu III.

Figures 8–13. 

Erythraeus (Erythraeus) uhadi sp. n., (Larva): 8 Tibia I 9 Tibia II 10 Tibia III 11 Tarsus I 12 Tarsus II 13 Tarsus III.

Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from the name of famous mountain "Uhad", where holotype larva was collected.

Type material

Holotype larva was collected from the mountain “Uhad”, Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia, 24°30.086'N, 39°36.41'E, on 23 February, 2013, coll. M. Kamran), parasitizing tamarix leafhopper, Opseius sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), from Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae). Paratypes 4 larvae, collection data same as holotype, while one paratype was collected from Wadi-e-Hanifa near Arqa over bridge, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 24°41.354'N, 46°37.042'E, on 14 April, 2013, from Tamarix sp. in association with the same host, coll. M. Kamran. Holotype and 4 paratypes (P2, P3, P4, P5) are deposited in the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA) and Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. One paratype (P1-accession no. Acy: 14/47) has been deposited at the Agriculture Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division, Pretoria (ARC-PPRI), South Africa.

Remarks

Erythraeus (E.) uhadi sp. n. belongs to a group of species of subgenus Erythraeus that share the following combination of characters: basifemoral setal formula 3–3–3, tibia I with 14 normal setae, Ti III 270–334, Ti II 170–210, genu III 120–200. This group includes 7 species: E. (E.) flavopictus Kawashima, 1961; E. (E.) sabrinae Haitlinger & Saboori, 1996; E. (E.) southcotti Goldarazena & Zhang, 1998; E. (E.) ankaraicus Saboori et al., 2004; E. (E.) zhangi Haitlinger, 2006; E. (E.) hilarae Haitlinger, 2010, E. (E.) chrysoperlae Khanjani et al., 2012 (Kawashima 1961; Haitlinger and Saboori 1996; Goldarazena and Zhang 1998; Saboori et al. 2004; Haitlinger 2006a, 2010; Khanjani et al. 2012). Erythraeus (E.) uhadi sp. n. differs from E. (E.) flavopictus by shorter ASE (22–25 vs. 55), shorter W (99–108 vs. 153), shorter IP (2519–2597 vs. 2944), shorter AP (32–35 vs. 59), fD (32 vs. 42); from E. (E.) sabrinae by shorter AP (32-35 vs. 52), fD (32 vs. 62), fV (10 vs. 28), shorter W (99–105 vs. 132), shorter AW (44–47 vs. 60), shorter PW (81–85 vs. 110); from E. (E.) southcotti by shorter AP (32–35 vs. 48–50), longer PaScGed (50-54 vs. 25-30); fD (32 vs. 46), fV (10 vs. 16), fnTa (21–20–20 vs. 26–23–24); from E. (E.) zhangi by shorter L (69–81 vs. 96–128), shorter W (99–108 vs. 126–148); shorter GL (106–111 vs. 140–166), shorter IP (2519–2597 vs. 2622–3198), fD (32 vs. 86), fV (10 vs. 20); E. (E.) ankaraicus by fnTa (21–20–20 vs 25–22–24), fD (32 vs. 41), fV (10 vs. 18), AL (90–97 vs. 65–78), AP (32–35 vs. 41-48); from E. (E.) hilarae by shorter L (69–81 vs. 110), shorter W (99–108 vs. 128), shorter ISD (49-53 vs. 68), shorter GL (106–111 vs. 130), fV (10 vs. 16), fnTi (14-15-15 vs. 14–14–14) and from E. (E.) chrysoperlae by fV (10 vs. 14), fnTa (21–20–20 vs. 27–23–24), longer AL (90–97 vs. 70), shorter AP (32–35 vs. 50), shorter GL (106-111 vs. 150).

Table 1.
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Metric data of Erythraeus (E.) uhadi sp. n. larva (holotype and 5 paratypes).

Ch. H P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Ch. H P-1 P2 P3 P4 P5
IL 302 300 305 307 298 297 Ta I(H) 16 15 16 15 16 16
IW 195 197 195 200 194 199 Ti I 205 206 205 210 211 207
L 71 73 70 74 69 81 Ge I 185 183 185 190 193 186
W 105 103 102 108 106 99 Tfe I 113 111 115 112 116 110
AW 44 45 44 48 46 47 Bfe I 105 106 103 107 110 104
PW 81 83 82 85 81 85 Tr I 44 45 46 43 47 44
AA 11 11 11 12 11 12 Cx I 35 34 36 34 36 35
SB 13 13 13 14 13 14 Leg I 829 828 834 843 853 826
ISD 50 52 49 53 53 51 Ta II(L) 136 138 135 139 141 134
AP 34 33 35 35 32 35 Ta II(H) 15 15 15 14 15 15
AL 92 90 93 97 91 95 Ti II 189 187 189 180 196 192
PL 63 61 62 60 65 60 Ge II 126 127 129 124 131 122
ASE 23 24 25 22 23 22 Tfe II 110 108 113 107 113 110
PSE 81 80 82 87 81 84 Bfe II 95 97 96 98 94 94
DS 29–61 29–62 28–61 30–64 30–63 29–62 Tr II 50 52 50 48 54 53
PDS 29–61 29–62 29–61 29–64 29–63 29–62 Cx II 63 65 63 60 61 61
1a 50 52 53 54 48 50 Leg II 769 774 775 756 790 766
3a 28 29 28 32 30 31 Ta III(L) 154 152 156 150 157 153
1b 100 99 102 105 100 103 Ta III(H) 15 15 15 14 15 15
2b 33 32 30 35 32 34 Ti III 286 287 279 287 289 283
3b 38 37 36 40 39 38 Ge III 148 149 146 146 143 144
Hy 30 31 30 34 32 30 Tfe 113 114 110 112 116 113
Ga 23 22 21 24 23 22 Bfe 123 123 125 126 128 122
G L 107 110 108 111 106 107 Tr III 50 53 52 50 53 51
PaScFed 50 52 51 54 51 49 Cx III 66 67 65 66 68 67
PaScGed 52 54 52 56 50 53 LegIII 940 945 933 937 962 933
Ta I(L) 142 143 144 147 140 140 IP 2538 2547 2542 2519 2597 2525

Ch = Character, H = Holotype, P = Paratype

Subgenus Zaracarus Southcott

Erythraeus (Zaracarus) lancifer Southcott

Erythraeus (Z.) lancifer Southcott, 1995: 223.

Material examined

Six larvae, Baha, Saudi Arabia, 20°7.918'N, 41°24'69'E on 24 April, 2013, coll. M. Kamran, parasitizing tamarix leafhopper, Opseius sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); two larvae were collected as free living on Setaria viridis L. (Poaceae) from the same locality and date.

Remarks

The type specimens were collected from a fly (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) Nr Pina, Zaragoza Province, Spain (Southcott 1995). This species has been hitherto only recorded from Spain. Present samples constitute a new record for Asia.

Table 2.
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Metric data of Erythraeus (Z.) lancifer larva (measurements of 4 specimens in range).

Ch. Ch. Ch. Ch.
IL 344–355 PSE 73–79 Ti I 228–234 Tr II 62–66
IW 230–238 DS 55–72 Ge I 164–167 Cx II 67–72
L 91–97 1a 41–44 Tfe I 110–115 Leg II 851–891
W 145–151 3a 30–34 Bfe I 112–116 Ta III(L) 156–163
AW 41–45 1b 88–94 Tr I 54–56 Ta III(H) 16
PW 110–115 2b 29–32 Cx I 63–67 Ti III 329–334
AA 20–21 3b 34–37 Leg I 893–923 Ge III 156–160
SB 15–15 Hy 30–33 Ta II(L) 137–143 Tfe 135–140
ISD 62–65 Ga 23–26 Ta II(H) 16–17 Bfe 129–133
AP 50–53 PaScFed 54–58 Ti II 229–236 Tr III 52–55
AL 186–197 PaScGev 67–71 Ge II 129–137 Cx III 68–72
PL 74–79 Ta I(L) 162–168 Tfe II 122–127 Leg III 1025–1057
ASE 28–30 Ta I(H) 17–18 Bfe II 105–110 IP 2769–2871

Subfamily Callidosomatinae Southcott

Genus Charletonia Oudemans

Charletonia bahaensis sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/BEBA76A2-2E8F-4102-8BAD-714C99FE6F2A
Figs 14–23

Diagnosis

(n=7). fnTi 18-18-18, fD 121–123, fV 60–61, with two hypostomalae, posterior hypostomalae barbed, galeala nude, GL 157-164, fnGe 12-12-12, four setae between coxae II & III, solenidion on genu I located distally.

Description of holotype larva

(Metric data of holotype followed by as a range of six paratypes in parenthesis).

Dorsum: Prodorsal scutum punctate entirely, with two pairs of sensillae (ASE, PSE) and three pairs of normal setae (AL, PL, PL). Posterior sensilla (PSE) longer than anterior ones (ASE), both finely barbed at distal halves. All three scutalae AL, ML and PL densely barbed and blunt ended, (Fig. 16). Dorsum with 123 (121–123) barbed setae (fD = 123 (121–123) with blunt tips, ranging in lengths from 45 (42–56). A pair of eyes located laterally on idiosoma posterolateral to scutum, 21 (21–23) across (Fig. 14).

Figures 14–17. 

Charletonia bahaensis sp. n. (Larva): 14 Dorsum 15 Venter 16 Scutum 17 Gnathosoma (left dorsal view, right ventral view) 17A Palptarsus.

Venter: Venter with intercoxal setae (1a) between coxae I, one pair of intercoxal setae (2a) between coxae II, four setae in the area between coxae II & III, 57 (56–57) setae present on opisthogaster behind the coxae III (fV = 61 (60–61). All ventral setae barbed with pointed tips except postero-marginal setae on venter which are blunt-ended (Fig. 15).

Gnathosoma: Subcapitulum with one pair of nude, spiniform galealae (Ga) 33 (30–34), two pairs of hypostomalae, anterior pair (aHy) nude, 16 (15–17), posterior pair (pHy) with long barbs, 45 (42–47). Chelicerae 114 (113–116), cheliceral blade 19 (18–19). Supracoxalae present, very small, peg- like. Palpfemur and genu each with one barbed seta, palptibia with three barbed setae and bifurcated claw (Fig. 17), palptarsus with one eupathidium, one solenidion, one nude and four barbed setae including long basal seta (Fig. 17A), eupathidium 25 (23–25), solenidion 7 (6–7) and long basal seta, 39 (35–40) long. Palp setal formula: 0-B-B-BBB2–4BNωζ.

Legs: Legs seven segmented with divided femora, all longer than body length. Tarsi I–III terminate in two lateral claws and claw like empodium.

Leg setal formula: Cx: 1-2-2; Tr: 1-1-1; Bfe: 4-4-2; Tfe: 5-5-5; Ge: 12+1σ+1κ – 12+ 1κ – 12; Ti: 18+2φ + 1Cp+ 1κ – 18+ 2φ –18 + 1φ; Ta: 27+ 1ω + 1ε + 1Cp + 2ζ – 26 + 1ω + 1ζ – 27 + 1ζ (Figs 18–23).

Figures 18–20. 

Charletonia bahaensis sp. n. (Larva): 18 Trochanter, femur & genu I 19 Tibia & Tarsus I 20 Trochanter, femur & genu II.

Figures 21–23. 

Charletonia bahaensis sp. n. (Larva): 21 Tibia & Tarsus II 22 Trochanter, femur & genu III 23 Tibia & Tarsus III.

Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from the city name “Baha” (in Saudi Arabia) where it was collected.

Type material

Holotype and 6 paratype larvae, from blue alfalfa aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infesting alfalfa plants, Medicago sativa L., Baha, Saudi Arabia, 19°59.807'N, 41°25.715'E, on 25 April, 2013, coll. M. Kamran. Holotype and 5 paratypes (P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) are deposited in the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA) and Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. One paratype (P1- accession no. Acy: 14/46) has been deposited at the Agriculture Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division, Pretoria (ARC-PPRI), South Africa.

Remarks

Charletonia bahaensis sp. n. belongs to the species group of genus Charletonia with four setae between coxae II & III, solenidion placed distally on genu I, fn Ge 12–12–12, Ti III 200–260 and two hypostomalae. This group includes 11 species: C. areolata (Trägårdh, 1908); C. froggatti Oudemans, 1910; C. feideri Southcott, 1966; C. rageaui Southcott, 1966; C. paolii Southcott, 1966; C. banksi Southcott, 1966; C. enghoffi Southcott, 1991; C. hunanensis Zheng, 1996; C. lombokensis Haitlinger, 2006; C. grandpopensis Haitlinger, 2007 and C. salazari Mayoral & Barranco, 2011 (Southcott 1966, Southcott 1991, Zheng 1996, Haitlinger 2006b, 2007, Mayoral and Barranco 2011). The new species differs from C. areolata by fD (121–123 vs. 97), fV (60–61 vs. 42), setae on Ti III (18 vs. 19), Ti III (231–242 vs. 259), Ti I (175–183 vs. 199), Ge I (127–135 vs. 157), Galealae (nude vs. ciliated); from C. froggatti by fD (123 vs. 64), fV (60–61 vs. 37), fnTi (18–18–18 vs. 14–14–18); from C. feideri by fD (121–123 vs. 86), fV (61 vs. 44), setae on Ti III (18 vs. 19), Ti I (173–184 vs. 138–159), Ge III (140–148 vs. 121), Ge I (127–135 vs. 112–125), Ta I (158–166 vs. 129–140); from C. rageaui by fD (121–123 vs. 94), fV (61 vs. 54), fnTi (18–18–18 vs. 18–18–19), Ta I (158–166 vs. 142–149); from C. paolii by fD (121–123 vs. 98), setae on Ti III 18 vs. 19), posterior hypostomalae (barbed vs. nude), W (114–118 vs. 98), PL (49–55 vs. 36–43), Ta I (158–166 vs. 137), galealae (nude vs. barbed), Ta III (165-177 vs. 133); from C. banksi by fD (121–123 vs. 97), fV (60–61 vs. 46), setae on Ti III (18 vs. 19), Ge III (140–148 vs. 125), galealae (nude vs. barbed), leg I (741–781 vs. 725), leg II (694–716 vs. 660), leg III (869–911 vs. 790); from C. enghoffi by fD (121–123 vs. 52), fV (60–61 vs. 40), setae on Ti I (18 vs. 17), posterior hypostomalae (barbed vs. nude), PSE (87–95 vs. 116–129), ASE (48–51 vs. 70–75); C. hunanensis by fD (121–123 vs. 73), fV (60–61 vs. 47), setae on Ti II (18 vs. 21), Ge III (140–148 vs. 125), setae on Tfe (5 vs. 6); from C. lombokensis by fD (121–123 vs. 74), fV (60–61 vs. 40), setae on Ti II (18 vs. 17), fnBfe (4–4–2 vs. 3–3–2), PW (106–113 vs. 50), ASE (48-54 vs. 22), PSE (87-95 vs. 36); from C. grandpopensis by fD (121–123 vs. 60), fV (60–61 vs. 43), setae on Ti II (18 vs. 17), setae on Ti III (18 vs. 17), ASE (ciliated vs. nude), DS (42–56 vs. 68–72), Ta I (158–166 vs. 130–134), GL (155–164 vs. 96–108), galealae (nude vs. barbed); from C. salazari by fD (121–123 vs. 76), fV (60–61 vs. 28), fnTi (18–18–18 vs. 15–16–16), ISD (71–78 vs. 54–63), AL (50–56 vs. 67–72), AP (48–52 vs. 68–72). In brief the new species can be differentiated from all other species of this group by having fD 123, fV 61 and fn Ti 18–18–18. All other species of this group have dorsal setae less than 100.

Table 3.
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Metric data of Charletonia bahaensis sp. n. larva, holotype and 6 paratypes (in range).

Ch. H P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Ch. H P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
IL 441 436 439 435 430 442 441 PaScFed 58 55 57 58 57 55 59
IW 280 285 275 272 276 278 282 PaScGev 32 30 30 29 33 29 33
L 110 112 109 108 110 106 113 Ta I(L) 164 160 158 166 165 159 165
W 116 117 118 114 116 115 117 Ta I(H) 16 15 17 16 16 16 17
AW 84 81 86 81 86 84 85 Ti I 181 180 178 183 175 173 184
MW 98 94 100 97 101 93 98 Ge I 132 133 127 135 130 129 135
PW 110 112 109 108 112 113 106 Tfe I 88 85 89 90 90 86 91
AA 10 10 11 10 11 10 10 Bfe I 88 86 89 90 85 84 91
SB 20 19 20 10 19 21 18 Tr I 47 49 46 47 46 46 47
ISD 75 71 78 72 77 75 71 Cx I 66 65 67 67 63 64 68
AP 49 50 52 47 50 48 49 Leg I 766 758 754 778 754 741 781
AL 54 52 51 50 54 55 56 Ta II(L) 152 146 150 154 154 150 155
ML 54 55 52 53 57 57 58 Ta II(H) 15 15 16 15 16 15 16
PL 52 51 49 50 55 53 55 Ti II 156 159 153 153 151 150 155
ASE 49 50 51 48 54 50 49 Ge II 113 111 110 114 115 110 116
PSE 93 91 90 87 95 89 95 Tfe II 78 85 77 80 75 76 81
DS 45–54 44–55 43–54 42–53 45–55 44–54 45–56 Bfe II 79 78 80 82 77 80 83
PDS 45–54 44–55 43–54 42–53 45–55 44–54 45–56 Tr II 59 60 62 58 56 57 61
1a 44 45 42 40 45 44 46 Cx II 74 71 73 75 70 71 74
2a 57 55 54 54 60 58 59 Leg II 711 710 705 716 698 694 725
1b 71 69 68 67 73 73 72 Ta III(L) 172 170 166 177 165 168 175
2b1 71 69 73 67 78 77 73 Ta III(H) 16 15 16 16 15 15 16
2b2 55 53 56 52 56 57 54 Ti III 237 239 233 231 242 230 241
3b1 55 52 57 52 57 56 53 Ge III 146 144 148 148 140 141 147
3b 2 46 44 47 42 48 45 42 Tfe 113 111 115 109 112 110 115
GL 161 158 163 155 164 159 157 Bfe 89 88 90 87 90 87 90
pHy 45 44 42 43 47 46 47 Tr III 59 60 56 58 59 56 60
aHy 16 17 16 16 17 17 15 Cx III 80 81 78 77 80 77 83
Ga 33 34 32 31 34 33 30 LegIII 895 893 886 887 903 869 911
IP 2372 2361 2345 2381 2355 2304 2417

Subfamily Balaustiinae Grandjean

Genus Balaustium von Heyden

Balaustium yousifi sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/71EF1ABE-54D9-430E-9D44-40E5E1A3B5F1
Figs 24–29

Diagnosis

(n=7). Scutum present, three pairs of scutalae present off the scutum, fnTr 3–3–2, fnBfe 4–4–3, fnTi 11–11–11, PSE 66-75, IP 1294–1363, ISD 65-69, fV 60 and fD 74.

Description of holotype larva

Dorsum: Idiosoma oval in shape, scutum elongate, 92 (88–95) long, 23 (21–25) wide, carries two pairs of sensilla (ASE & PSE), ASE located on anterior while PSE on posterior part of scutum, both sensilla finely barbed on their entire lengths. Crista present on scutum. Three pairs of scutalae (AL, ML, PL) present on the lateral sides of scutum, no scutalae located on scutum. AL located slightly posterior to the bases of ASE, ML lies slightly anterior to the middle of scutum and PL slightly posterior to the middle of scutum. One pair of eyes present on postero-lateral side of scutum at the level of PSE on the idiosoma, cornea of each eye 14 (13–14) in diameter. Dorsal setae on idiosoma 37 pairs, all barbed. fD = 74 (Fig. 24).

Figures 24–26. 

Balaustium yousifi sp. n. (Larva): 24 Dorsum 25 Venter 25A dorsal scutum 26 Gnathosoma (left dorsal view, right ventral view) 26A Palptarsus, 26B Palptibia.

Venter: Idiosoma ventrally with one pair of sternalae 1a between coxae I, 56 (52–57) long, one pair of setae 2a between coxae II, 42 (41–47) long, 26 setae present in the area between coxae II & III, 60 (59–60) setae present between and behind the coxae III (fV = 86 (84–86). All ventral setae barbed (Fig. 25).

Gnathosoma: Gnathosoma with one pair of hypostomalae (Hy) 16 (15–17) and one pair of galealae (Ga) 10 (9–10), both barbed, supracoxalae present, very small, peg- like. Chelicerae 52–55 long, cheliceral blade 9 (9–10). Palp trochanter and palpfemur each with one barbed setae, palpgenu with two barbed setae (Fig. 26); palptibia withthree setae, palptarsus with four nude setae, one eupathidium and one solenidion(Fig. 26A). Palptibial claw entire with a median tooth (Fig. 26B). Eupathidium 7 (7), solenidion 16 (14–16). (Fig. 26). Palp setal formula: fPp: B-B-BB-BBN-NNNNωζ.

Legs: Legs seven segmented with divided femora, tarsi I–III terminated with two claws and claw-like empodium, empodium with pilose (pulvilliform) structure. Leg setal formula: leg I: Ta- ω, 2ζ, 1 Cp, 22B; Ti- 2φ,1κ, 11B; Ge- 1σ,1κ, 9B; Tfe- 5B; Bfe- 4B; Tr- 3B; Cx- 1B (Fig. 27). Leg II: Ta- ω, 1ζ, 20B; Ti- 2φ, 11B; Ge- 1κ, 8B; Tfe- 5B; Bfe- 4B; Tr- 3B; Cx- 1B (Fig. 28). Leg III: Ta- 20B; Ti- 1φ, 11B; Ge- 8B; Tfe- 5B; Bfe- 3B; Tr- 2B; Cx- 1B (Fig. 29).

Figures 27–29. 

Balaustium yousifi sp. n. (Larva): 27 Leg I 28 Leg II 29 Leg III.

Etymology

The new species is named on the name of Professor Dr. Yousif Al-Duraihim.

Type

Holotype larva was collected from 5 Km Taif road, Baha, Saudi Arabia, 20°7.918'N, 41°24.69'E, 24 April, 2013 (Coll. M. Kamran), from foxtail grass, Setaria viridis L. Paratypes six larvae, collection data same. Holotype and 6 paratypes (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) are deposited in the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA) and Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. One paratype (P1- accession no. Acy: 14/45) has been deposited at the Agriculture Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division, Pretoria (ARC-PPRI), South Africa.

Remarks

Balaustium yousifi sp. n. closely resembles with Balaustium florale Grandjean. However it differes from B. florale. by length of PSE (66–75 vs. 40–48); IP (1294–1363 vs. 850–988); ISD (64–69 vs. 42–48); fD (74 vs. 82). The new species can be distinguished from B. bisculatae Mayoral & Barranco by shorter ISD (65–69 vs. 56), fD (74 vs. 95), longer AL (28–32 vs. 24), longer TiIII (89–97 vs. 72–75), longer IP 1294–1348 vs. 1014–1042.

Table 4.
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Metric data of Balaustium yousifi sp. n. larva (holotype and 6 paratypes).

Ch. H P-1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Ch. H P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
IL 471 478 466 475 459 465 460 Ta I(H) 23 22 22 22 23 24 22
IW 345 336 355 349 332 340 342 Ti I 89 92 88 86 94 93 86
L 92 95 89 88 89 95 91 Ge I 92 88 89 90 93 93 86
W 23 22 24 23 24 25 21 Tfe I 54 50 55 53 56 49 54
AW 28 28 29 30 27 30 28 Bfe I 59 60 61 58 62 58 55
MW 39 37 40 39 36 41 41 Tr I 32 31 33 30 34 34 30
PW 64 66 61 62 60 63 65 Cx I 65 62 66 64 60 61 60
SBa 12 12 11 12 12 12 12 Leg I 479 473 479 463 484 470 462
SBp 16 15 16 15 16 15 16 Ta II(L) 79 82 76 75 83 79 81
ISD 68 66 69 65 64 66 68 Ta II(H) 22 23 22 22 23 21 21
AL 30 28 30 32 29 32 31 Ti II 77 75 79 76 76 77 76
ML 30 30 29 30 28 29 32 Ge II 71 72 73 68 74 69 68
PL 34 35 36 34 33 34 32 Tfe II 44 41 39 40 42 45 46
ASE 53 50 55 52 50 56 51 Bfe II 38 37 34 35 37 39 40
PSE 72 69 74 66 70 75 71 Tr II 36 38 39 39 42 43 35
DS 28–42 27–43 29–43 28–40 26–40 28–44 30–42 Cx II 60 58 60 60 65 63 64
PDS 33–42 34–43 33–43 31–40 30–40 29–44 34–42 Leg II 405 403 400 393 419 415 410
1a 56 54 52 56 52 57 57 Ta III(L) 82 81 79 79 83 85 78
1b 45 42 45 46 41 47 41 Ta III(H) 19 19 20 19 20 19 20
2b 49 44 50 48 44 46 46 Ti III 94 96 92 89 97 92 91
3b 47 47 46 47 45 45 48 Ge III 78 75 79 74 77 79 77
GL 88 90 88 85 85 92 82 Tfe III 51 51 55 55 54 56 50
PaScFed 33 34 35 33 31 35 31 Bfe III 51 49 54 49 55 56 54
PaScFev 22 21 20 23 20 23 22 Tr III 35 34 36 33 37 36 33
PaScGed 24 25 23 24 22 26 22 Cx III 61 64 58 59 57 59 60
PaScGev 18 17 18 19 17 20 18 Leg III 452 450 453 438 460 463 443
Ta I(L) 88 90 87 82 85 91 91 IP 1336 1326 1332 1294 1363 1348 1315

Acknowledments

We thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Food and Agriculture Research Center, at King Saud University, Riyadh for providing facilities and funds for this work, Dr Ryszard Haitlinger (Institute of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland), Dr Alireza Saboori (Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran), and Dr Mohammad Khanjani (Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran) for providing useful literature and suggestions.

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