Thaumaspis trigonurus Bolívar, 1900.

Body small sized. Head opisthognathous. Fastigium of vertex short without sulcus dorsally, face extremely oblique, last segment of maxillary palpi longer than the preceding. Pronotum with low lateral lobes, humeral sinus absent; auditory foramina of thorax entirely exposed. Tegmina shorter than pronotum, with the stridulating organ in male, hind wing degraded. Auditory foramina of fore tibiae opened, hind tibiae with 2 pairs of apical spurs. Male 10^th abdominal tergite bearing a single process on posterior margin or absence, cerci elongate with processes, subgenital fig with short styli, genitalia entirely membranous. Female subgenital fig nearly triangular, ovipositor shorter than hind femora, ventral valve with a small apical hook.

The opisthognathous head and low lateral lobes of pronotum can easily distinguished them from other genera, for now Thaumaspis is the only genus with opisthognathous head of tribe Meconematini.

Thaumaspis trigonurus Bolívar, 1900.

Pronotum shorter, tegmina extremely short and truncate at apex, male 10^th abdominal tergite attached a single process at hind margin and female subgenital fig nearly triangular.

Apex of the male posterior process at 10 abdominal tergite sparsely dentate (Fig. 2). Cerci slightly curved, basal half with numerous short processes (Figs 3, 4), styli short. Female subgenital fig triangular, apex slightly sharp (Fig. 5).

Body greenish, unicolor.

(length in mm) Body, ♂♀9.0; pronotum, ♂♀3.8; tegmina, ♂♀0.5–1.5; hind femora, ♂♀7.0; ovipositor, ♀7.0.

India.

Figures 1–6. 

Thaumaspis (Thaumaspis) trigonurus Bolívar, 1900 (after OSF website) 1 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 2 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 3 end of male abdomen, lateral view 4 end of male abdomen, ventral view 5 subgenital fig of female, ventral view 6 female abdomen terminal, lateral view.

Head hypognathous. Male 10^th abdominal tergite transverse, middle lobe divided into 2 finger-shaped apices (Fig. 8). Cerci extremely incurved, ventral base and subapex widened (Fig. 9). Subgenital fig almost trapezoidal. Female subgenital fig almost circular (Fig. 10).

Body olive-green, eyes darkish, antennae with dark rings.

(length in mm) Body, ♂8.0, ♀8.5–9.5; pronotum, ♂3.0, ♀2.5; tegmina, ♂♀3.0; hind femora, ♂♀8.0–8.5; ovipositor, ♀5.5–6.0.

The general features of this species ally to Cecidophagula, such as characters of head and wings. Actually, it had been described as a Cecidophagula originally before Karny assigned it to Thaumaspis in consideration of the single process of genital segments. Gorochov excluded this species in his study (1993, 1998). Since we are unable to examine type material we still leave it in Thaumaspis.

Indonesia.

Figures 7–11. 

Thaumaspis? siccifolii (Karny, 1922) (after OSF website and Karny) 7 pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 8 end of male abdomen, dorsal-lateral view 9 end of male abdomen, ventral view 10 subgenital fig of female, ventral view (after Karny) 11 female abdomen terminal, lateral view.

Female tegmina rather shorter than pronotum, subgenital fig short, nearly triangular, apex blunt (Fig. 13). Male unknown.

Body yellowish (maybe greenish in life), totally unicolor.

(length in mm) Body, ♀9.5; pronotum, ♀3.7; tegmina, ♀3.2; hind femora, ♀8.5; ovipositor, ♀7.5.

China (Yunnan, Tengchong).

Figures 12–13. 

Thaumaspis (Thaumaspis) montana Bey-Bienko, 1957 (after Gorochov) 12 pronotum and tegmina, dorsal view 13 subgenital fig of female, ventral view.

Female subgenital fig transverse, hind margin with middle circular convex (Fig. 15). Ovipositor almost straight (Fig. 16). Male unknown.

Body yellowish, unicolor.

(length in mm) Body, ♀11.0; pronotum, ♀3.7; tegmina, ♀2.4; hind femora, ♀7.5; ovipositor, ♀7.0.

India.

Figures 14–16. 

Thaumaspis (Thaumaspis) castetsi Gorochov, 1993 (after OSF website) 14 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 15 subgenital fig of female, ventral view 16 female abdomen terminal, lateral view.

Female tegmina no longer than pronotum, apex pointed. Subgenital fig nearly quadrate, hind margin circularly truncated (Fig. 19). Male unknown.

Body greenish, unicolor.

(length in mm) Body, ♀12.0; pronotum, ♀3.8; tegmina, ♀3.0; hind femora, ♀10.0; ovipositor, ♀10.0.

India (New Delhi).

Figures 17–19. 

Thaumaspis (Thaumaspis) longipes Bolívar, 1900 (after OSF website) 17 pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 18 subgenital fig of female, ventral view 19 female abdomen terminal, lateral view.

Thaumaspis forcipatus Bolívar, 1900.

Diagnosis. This subgenus differs from nominotypical subgenus by longer pronotum equal to tegmina, posterior marginal processes of male 10^th abdominal tergite absent.

Male pronotum longer, tegmina almost equal to pronotum, apex truncate (Fig. 20). 10^th abdominal tergite with a median notch at middle of hind margin (Fig. 21). Cerci longer, slightly incurved, median portion with one lobe truncated in apex (Fig. 22). Female unknown.

(length in mm) Body, ♂11.0; pronotum, ♂4.8; tegmina, ♂4.8; hind femora, ♂5.5.

India.

Figures 20–23. 

Thaumaspis (Isothaumaspis) forcipatus Bolívar, 1900 (after OSF website) 20 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 21 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 22 end of male abdomen, lateral view 23 end of male abdomen, ventral view.

Athaumaspis minutus sp. n.

Body small of this tribe. Head hypognathous, low in profile. Fastigium of vertex short with shallow furrow dorsally, last segment of maxillary palpi little longer than the preceding. Pronotum with lower paranota, humeral sinus absent; auditory foramina of thorax entirely exposed. Tegmina shorter than pronotum, with the stridulating organ in male, hind wing degraded. Auditory foramina of fore tibiae opened, hind tibiae with 2 pairs of apical spurs. Male 10^th abdominal tergite with branched process at posterior margin, cerci elongate or branched, subgenital fig with short styli, genitalia entirely membranous. Female subgenital fig transverse, rounded at posterior margin, ovipositor short and upcurved, ventral valve with a small apical hook.

This new genus similar to Thaumaspis in body size and bearing posterior marginal process of abdominal tergite 10, but quite different by hypognathous head, marginal process of abdominal tergite 10 bifurcated.

Holotype♂, paratype2♀♀, Vietnam, Mt. Lang Bian, Alt. 1500– 2000m, 1961.V.19– VI.8, coll. N.R. Spencer (BPBM). Deposited in SEM temporarily.

Male. Head low in profile. Fastigium of vertex rather short, shallowly furrowed on dorsum (Fig. 24), face slightly oblique (Fig. 25), compound eyes oval and protruded outwards, last segment of maxillary palpi longer than preceding. The superior and inferior edge of pronotum nearly paralled from a lateral view, metazona slightly elevated, paranota of pronotum lower, hind margin rounded, humeral sinus absent; auditory foramina of thorax entirely exposed. Tegmina shorter than pronotum, hind margin obliquely truncated, hind wings reduced. Fore tibiae armed spines of type 4, 4 (1, 1) on either margin of ventral surface, hind tibiae with 20– 23 dorsal teeth each margin above and 2 pairs of apical spurs. Posterior margin of abdominal tergite 10 with middle process, distinctly branched (Fig. 26). Epiproct reduced. Cerci elongate, rather simple, incurved in its apical third, dorsal surface with weak keels (Fig. 27). Subgenital fig narrowed basally, broad in apical half, hind margin roundly emarginate with rather short styli (Fig. 28).

Female. General roughly as in male. Cerci short and conical, subgenital fig transverse and flabellate, hind margin circular convex (Fig. 29). Ovipositor is short, upcurved, ventral valve with a weak apical hook.

Body yellowish (maybe greenish in life), eyes blackish brown, antennae with inconspicuous darkish rings, fore and hind margins of pronotum either with blackish brown marking rounded yellow rim (Fig. 24), lateral lobe with 4 yellow markings.

(length in mm) Body, ♂7.5, ♀8.0; pronotum, ♂2.8, ♀2.2; tegmina, ♂1.0, ♀0.8; hind femora, ♂6.5, ♀7.0; ovipositor, ♀3.8.

This new species distinguishes from other species of the genus in body smaller, pronotum with blackish brown and yellow markings, female subgential fig with rounded posterior edge.

The specific epithet referrers body form of this species, from Latin minūtus. The gender of the epithet is masculine.

Vietnam.

Figures 24–30. 

Athaumaspis minutus sp. n. 24 head, pronotum and tegmina, dorsal view 25 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 26 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 27 end of male abdomen, lateral view 28 end of male abdomen, ventral view 29 subgenital fig of female, ventral view 30 female abdomen terminal, lateral view.

Holotype ♂ (# 14088760), China, Xizang, Nyalam Country, Zhangmu, Alt. 2300m, 2010.VII.17–18, coll. W.X. Bi; Paratype 1♂ (# 14088761), same data as holotype (SEM).

Male. Head high in profile. Fastigium of vertex short, dorsum shallowly furrowed in middle, face slightly oblique (Fig. 31), but higher, compound eyes subovoid and moderately protruded, last segment of maxillary palpi slightly longer than preceding. Protonum nearly triangular in profile, metazona little elevated, paranota higher, hind margin obliquely truncated without humeral sinus; auditory foramina of thorax entirely exposed. Tegmina shorter than pronotum by one third, posterior edge truncated; hind wings deduced. Fore tibiae spines armed 4, 4 (1, 1), hind tibiae with 19–20 dorsal teeth either margin above and 2 pairs of apical spurs. 10^th abdominal tergite bearing an extended process at the middle of hind margin, bending vertically downwards and invisible dorsally (Fig. 32), apex distinctly branched (Fig. 33). Epiproct reduced. Cerci longer, inner surface of base occurs a lobe, incurved in one third, apex moderately expanding. Subgenital fig longer than width, apical two fifth narrowing towards tip, little convex at median hind margin, styli short (Fig. 34).

Female unknown.

Body yellowish (may be greenish in life), unicolor.

(length in mm) Body, ♂7.0–8.0; pronotum, ♂3.3–3.5; tegmina, ♂2.0; hind femora, ♂6.5–7.0.

This species looks different from type species in general, distinguishes mainly by higher head and pronotum in profile and inner lobe of cerci; but shearing branched process of male 10th abdominal tergite and simple but slender cerci.

The specific epithet is Latinized name of district Tibet where this species distributed. The gender of the epithet is masculine.

China (Xizang).

Figures 31–34. 

Athaumaspis tibetanus sp. n. based on # 14088761 (31, 34) and # 14088760 (32, 33) 31 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 32 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 33 middle process of male 10^th abdominal tergite, rear view 34 subgenital fig of male, ventral view.

Posterior margin of male 10^th abdominal tergite with a small branched process, male cercus stout and bifurcated, superior ramus clubbed, inferior ramus with an inner triangular lobe at proximal part.

Body yellowish green. Eyes and spines of hind tibiae blackish, genicular lobes of all femora each with a blackish spot.

Holotype♂, paratype1♂, Daitianping, Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang, Alt. 1200m, 2008.X.20, coll. S.L. Liu.

(length in mm) Body, ♀6,5; pronotum, ♀3.5; tegmina, ♀2.0; hind femora, ♀6.5.

The cerci of this species are stouter and quite different from previous 2 species of this genus which makes it easy to tell them apart, meanwhile the species meets the diagnosis of Athaumaspis in hypognathous head and bifurcated posterior marginal process of abdominal tergite 10. According to the features of male here we treat this species as an Athaumaspis. The specific epithet of this species originally was feminine, primarily based on Gorochov (1993), but according to type species of Thaumaspis the genus is masculine and ‘bifurcata’ should be ‘bifurcatus’, The same apply for Athaumaspis and Pseudothaumaspis.

China (Zhejiang).

Figures 35–36. 

Athaumaspis bifurcatus (Liu, Zhou & Bi, 2010) comb. n. 35 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 36 end of male abdomen, ventral-rear view, and right cercus, dorsal view.

Pseudothaumaspis gialaiensis Gorochov, 1998.

This genus differs from Thaumaspis by hypognathous head, differs form all previous genera by unusual ventral arms at lower part of male 10^th abdominal tergite, moreover posterior marginal processes of this tergite absence or instead of by small lobes, varied apex of cerci and almost trilobed posterior part of female subgenital fig. We believed hypognathous head and unique ventral arm of male 10^th abdominal tergite sufficient to exclude Pseudothaumaspis from Thaumaspis and elevate it to generic status.

Lower lobe of the male hind knee with spine, apex of male cerci with 3 processes (Figs 37–39), shorter subgenital fig with longer styli, genital smaller, apex with small a sclerous corium (Fig. 40). Female subgential fig transverse (Fig. 41), hind margin bent downwards; ventral valve of ovipositor with an apical hook.

Body yellowish green, almost unicolor, antennae with brown rings, lower part of the pronotum lateral lobe with brown edge; apex of tibiae, tarsus and spine of tibiae darkened.

(length in mm) Body, ♂13.0– 14.0, ♀12.0– 13.0; pronotum, ♂4.2– 4.5, ♀4.0– 4.2; tegmina, ♂4.0– 4.5, ♀3.0; hind femora, ♂13.5– 14.0, ♀14.0– 15.0; ovipositor, ♀5.8– 6.0.

Vietnam.

Figures 37–41. 

Pseudothaumaspis gialaiensis Gorochov, 1998 (after Gorochov) 37 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 38 end of male abdomen, lateral view 39 end of male abdomen, ventral view 40 male genitals, dorsal view 41 subgenital fig of female, ventral view.

Holotype♂, Vietnam, 40km S of Dilanh (Djiring), Alt. 543m, 1960.IV.26, coll. L.W. Quate (BPBM). Deposited in SEM temporarily.

Male. Fastigium of vertex short, without dorsal groove, face slightly oblique (Fig. 42), compound eyes oval and protruded forwards and outwards, last segment of maxillary palpi slightly longer than preceding. The superior edge and inferior edge of pronotum paralleled and almost straight, paranota lower, front margin little sinuate, hind margin straight without humeral sinus and obliquely truncated; auditory foramina of thorax small and entirely exposed. Tegmina almost equal to pronotum, apex rounded; hind wings degenerate. Fore tibiae armed ventral spines of type 4, 4 (1, 1), lower lobe of the hind knee bearing a spine, hind tibiae with 28–31 dorsal teeth each margin above and 2 pairs of apical spurs. Hind margin of 10^th abdominal tergite little sinuate (Fig. 43), lower part becoming a pair of elongate branches (Figs 44–45); cerci robust, generally conical and apex blunt, but each with 2 long inner processes: prior one downward, posterior one upward and little branched at apex. Subgenital fig damaged.

Female unknown.

Body yellowish (may be greenish alive), eyes blackish brown, antennae with inconspicuous darkish rings.

(length in mm) Body, ♂12.0; pronotum, ♂3.8; tegmina, ♂4.0; hind femora, ♂12.0.

This new species is similar to Pseudothaumaspis gialaiensis Gorochov, 1998, but differs mainly in the appearance of the male cerci. The single specimen of this species is in bad condition, especially the abdomen. Fortunately, the unique ventral arms of the 10^th abdominal segment and the cerci are intact.

The specific epithet refers to the character of male cerci which bearing 2 spinous processes, compose by prefix 'bi-' which means double and 'spinosus' which means spiny.

Vietnam.

Figures 42–45. 

Pseudothaumaspis bispinosus sp. n. 42 head, pronotum and tegmina, lateral view 43 end of male abdomen, dorsal view 44 end of male abdomen, lateral view 45 end of male abdomen, ventral view.

Holotype♂ (# 14086640), China, Guangxi, Wuming, Damingshan, Alt. 1250m, 2013.VII.19–25, coll. W.B. Zhu, X.W. Liu, H.Q. Wang, H.G. Zhang. Paratype1♂ (# 14088762) 1♀ (# 14088763), same data as holotype (SEM).

Male. Body form small and slender. Fastigium of vertex short, without dorsal groove, face slightly oblique (Fig. 48), compound eyes subglobular, last segment of maxillary palpi slightly longer than preceding. Pronotum saddle shaped in lateral view, paranota with concave dorsal margins, ventral margin rounded, humeral sinus absent, transverse sulcus distinct especially posterior one, metazona short, rather pointed at the posterior tip; auditory foramina of thorax small and exposed. Tegmina shoter than pronotum by one third, apex truncate; hind wings degenerate. Legs very long and rather thin (Fig. 46), fore tibiae with ventral spines armed 4, 4 (1, 1), lower lobe of the hind knee without spine, hind tibiae with 21– 29 dorsal teeth either margin above and 2 pairs of apical spurs. Posterior median edge of 10^th abdominal tergite elongate with a deep apical incision forming 2 small lobes (Fig. 49), lower area bearing a pair of ventral arms, not elongate and apex oblate (Fig. 52). Slim cerci branched at a half, incurved, lower branch longer. Subgenital base broad, apical one third narrow and up curved, styli very long (Figs 50–52).

Female. Body form similar to that of male. Fastigium of vertex little longer and more slender, a shallow furrow on the dorsum, last segment of maxillary palpi much longer than preceding. Paranota of pronotum subacute at inferior margin, transverse sulcus distinct as in male, but metazona even shorter. Tegmina short as in male, pointed at apex, inferior margin obliquely truncated, veins conspicuous. Posterior margin of 9^th abdominal tergite straight, cercus slender, fusiform, apex thin and acute (Fig. 54); subgenital fig downward swell, trilobed at hind margin, mesolobe prominently convex. Ovipositor short, base upcurved, ventral valve without apical hook.

In life of male. Body lightish green, emerald green and lightish yellow variegated. Flagella pale brown with darkish rings, scape and pedicel consistent with body color. Compound eyes vivid yellow. Both lateral rims of pronotum emerald green, but posterior edge vivid yellow, dorsum with green longitudinal stripes and patches. Each abdomen tergite with a pair of bright yellow oval patches and posterior edge darkish green. Hind tibiae, Tarsi and cerci terminal pale brown.

Dry specimen. Body brownish, antennae with inconspicuous darks rings, forma and tibia darkened around the knee joint. Male unicolor; female abdomen largely blackish brown, ventral surface totally black including subgenital fig, abdomen tergites each compact with a pair of large pale patches dorsally, base of ovipositor darkened.

(length in mm) Body, ♂7.4–8.7, ♀10.2; pronotum, ♂3.2–3.6, ♀3.8; tegmina, ♂1.9, ♀1.5; hind femora, ♂8.3–8.9, ♀9.5; ovipositor, ♀4.5.

The specific epithet from Latin ‘forca’ + ‘cercus’, corresponding the feature of male bifurcate cerci. The gender of the epithet is masculine.

Bearing those unique arms, clearly it is a Pseudothaumaspis, but tegmina terminal, lower lobe of hind knee, small lobes of posterior edge of last abdominal tergite are quite different from previous species.

China (Guangxi).

Figures 46–47. 

Pseudothaumaspis furcocercus sp. n., ecological photograph, lateral view and dorsal view.

Figures 48–55. 

Pseudothaumaspis furcocercus sp. n. based on # 14086640 (48–52) and # 14088763 (52–55) 48 male body, lateral view 49 end of male abdomen, dorsal view (left cerci damaged at apex) 50 end of male abdomen, lateral view 51 end of male abdomen, ventral view 52 end of male abdomen, rear view 53 female subgenital fig, ventral view 54 female abdomen (2–11segments), dorsal view 55 ovipositor, lateral view.