Symplanella breviceps Fennah, 1987, by original designation.

Vertex (Figs 3, 15, 27) with anterior margin angular or rounded, posterior margin angulately concave, disc distinctly depressed, without median carina. Frons (Figs 5, 17, 29) with median carina and submedian carinae, longer in middle line than widest part, widest at level of second segment of antennae. Clypeus with median carina. Pronotum as broad as or broader than head including eyes; lateral carinae strongly diverging laterad. Mesonotum without carina, almost twice as broad as long. Forewing (Fig. 6) long and narrow, 4.00–4.71 times as long as broad; Sc+R and M united in basal fifth, Sc+R forking close to nodal transverse line; three or four subapical cells and seven to nine apical cells; M with three or four branches. Hindwing broad triangular, venation as shown in Fig. 7. Post-tibia with one spine laterally, six apically; basal and second metatarsal segments toothless and ventrally pilose. Abdomen exceptionally elongate, narrow sternites chevron-shaped. Genital styles narrow and long or short and oval. Aedeagus fused with connective, both forming V-shaped or Y-shaped; aedeagal shaft long, simple, phallobase slender lobe-like or reduced.

Oriental Region (China and Burma).

Symplanella brevicephala (Chou, Yuan & Wang, 1994); China (Yunnan).

Symplanella breviceps Fennah, 1987; Burma (Dawna Hills).

Symplanella hainanensis sp. n.; China (Hainan).

Symplanella recurvata sp. n.; China (Guangdong and Guangxi).

Symplanella unipuncta Zhang & Wang, 2009; China (Hainan).

Symplanella zhongtua sp. n.; China (Yunnan)

Body length including forewing: male 5.78–5.98 mm (N = 6), female 6.15–6.25 mm (N = 12); forewing length: male 4.90–5.15 mm (N = 6), female 5.30–5.40 mm (N = 12).

General color light yellowish brown with somewhat green. Ocelli reddish brown, eyes black brown. Antennae with one black spot at apex of second segment. Central area of vertex and pronotum, base of mesonotum with somewhat pale yellowish red. Procoxae, mesocoxae, metapleura, abdominal sternites laterally and pregenital sternite of female fuscous.

Vertex including eyes narrower than pronotum (0.86:1). Vertex shorter in middle line than broad at base (0.60:1). Frons 1.28 times longer in middle line than widest part. Pronotum slightly longer in middle line than vertex (1.21:1). Mesonotum 1.24 times as long as vertex and pronotum together in middle line. Forewing longer in middle line than broad at widest part (4.71:1). Hindwing longer in middle line than broad at widest part (2.01:1), venation as shown in Fig. 7.

Anal segment of male in posterior view (Fig. 8) nearly long oval, in lateral view (Fig. 9) with basal half parallel dorsally and ventrally, apical margin produced into stout process ventrally, which curves cephalad, apex acutely rounded. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 9) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, posterior margin mostly straight, concave at dorso-posterior angle. Genital style in lateral view slender, dorsal and ventral angles acutely rounded, posterior margin slightly convex; in posterior view (Fig. 10) with dorsal and ventral apex acute and rounded, inner and outer margin sinuate. Aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 11) with shaft straight, simple, apex rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 12) curved at basal third, apical part straight, phallobase small, lobe-like. Connective in lateral view (Fig. 12) straight, fused with base of aedeagus forming V-shape; connective in dorsal view (Fig. 11) with both lateral margins swelled laterad.

Holotype: ♂, China: Guangdong, Guangzhou, Huanan Botanical Garden (23°08'N, 113°14'E), on bamboo (Neosinocalamus sp.), 22 Nov. 2006, X.-S. Chen; paratypes: 5 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, data same as holotype; 1 ♀, Guangxi, Daxin, Encheng, 4 May 2009, H.-R. Li.

Bamboo (Neosinocalamus sp.).

South China (Guangdong and Guangxi) (Fig. 37).

This new species is closely related to Symplanella unipuncta Zhang & Wang, 2009 but differs in: i) anal segment in lateral view with one stout process at apical margin ventrally, which curves cephalad apically (with one tooth-like process at middle of ventral margin in Symplanella unipuncta); ii) posterior margin of pygofer without process (with one process in Symplanella unipuncta); iii) aedeagus without process at base (with two long stout processes basally and ventrally, which as long as aedeagal shaft).

The new species is named after the strongly recurved tip of the anal tube.

Body length including forewing: male 5.45–5.62 mm (N = 2), female 6.00–6.30 mm (N = 8); forewing length: male 4.40 mm (N = 2), female 4.65–4.95 mm (N = 8).

General color dirty yellowish brown. Ocelli reddish brown, eyes black brown. Antennae with one black spot at apex of second segment. Frons and clypeus mostly dark brown. Central area of vertex and pronotum, base of mesonotum with somewhat pale yellowish red. Procoxae, mesocoxae, metapleura, abdominal sternites laterally and pregenital sternite of female, fuscous.

Vertex including eyes as wide as pronotum. Vertex longer in middle line than broad at base (1.24:1). Frons 1.67 times longer in middle line than widest part. Pronotum shorter in middle line than vertex (0.74:1). Mesonotum 0.87 times as long as vertex and pronotum together in middle line. Forewing longer in middle line than broad at widest part (4.00:1).

Anal segment of male in dorsal view (Fig. 18) with median part slightly widened; in lateral view (Fig. 19) broad at basal half, abruptly narrowed at apical half, apex acute, with some micro teeth at apical ventral margin. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 20) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, posterior margin sinuate, one finger-like process at dorsal third. Genital style in lateral view (Fig. 21) broad and rounded, dorsal margin concave, dorsal half of posterior margin mound-like, covered with a lot of micro teeth; in posterior view (Fig. 22) short and stout, mostly oval, dorsal angle forked, covered with a lot of micro teeth. Aedeagus in dorsal view (Fig. 23) with basal half broad, apical half abruptly narrowed, stick-like, each side with one spine-like process at widest part; in lateral view (Fig. 24) with base broad, narrowing apically, aedeagal shaft slightly curved ventrad. Connective in lateral view (Fig. 24) curved ventrad, fused with base of aedeagus, nearly forming Y-shape.

Holotype: ♂, China: Hainan, Diaoluoshan National Natural Reserve (18°47'N, 109°52'E), on bamboo, 9–12 Apr. 2009, X.-H. Hou; paratypes: 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀, data same as holotype.

Bamboo.

South China (Hainan) (Fig. 37).

This new species is similar to the type species from Burma, Symplanella breviceps Fennah, 1987, but can be distinguished from the latter in: i) frons mostly dark brown (stramineous in Symplanella breviceps); ii) vertex with anterior margin rounded (angulated in Symplanella breviceps); iii) posterior margin of pygofer with one spinous process dorsally (absent in Symplanella breviceps); iv) genital style in posterior view broad and short (narrow and long in Symplanella breviceps).

The new species is named after the type locality, Hainan Province, China.

Body length including forewing: male 6.10–6.35 mm (N = 4), female 6.30–6.50 mm (N = 2); forewing length: male 5.15–5.30 mm (N = 4), female 5.20–5.40 mm (N = 2).

General color dirty yellowish brown. Ocelli reddish brown, eyes black brown. Antennae with one black spot at apex of second segment. Frons and clypeus mostly blackish brown. Central area of vertex and pronotum, base of mesonotum with somewhat pale yellowish red. Procoxae, mesocoxae, metapleura, abdominal sternites laterally and pregenital sternite of female fuscous.

Vertex including eyes narrower than pronotum (0.98:1). Vertex shorter in middle line than broad at base (0.65:1). Frons 1.41 times longer in middle line than widest part. Pronotum as long in middle line as vertex. Mesonotum 1.45 times as long as vertex and pronotum together in middle line. Forewing longer in middle line than broad at widest part (4.45:1).

Anal segment of male in dorsal view (Fig. 30) long oval, widest at apical third, apical margin acutely convex; in lateral view (Fig. 31) with basal half broad, apical half abruptly narrowed, apex slightly swollen, which with some micro teeth at apical ventral margin. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 32) with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin, posterior margin sinuate, with one stout spine-like process, directed caudo-ventrad. Genital style in lateral view (Fig. 33) with dorsal and ventral angles rounded, posterior margin sinuate; in posterior view (Fig. 34) short and broad, dorsal margin strongly concave, forcipate, inner and outer angles rounded. Aedeagus in ventral view (Fig. 35) with base mostly broad, apical third abruptly narrowed, stick-like, apical margin rounded, each side with one spine-like process; phallobase lobe-like, each with one small spine at apex; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 36) with base slightly broad, apical part mostly straight and slender, apical third slightly curved ventrad; phallobase slender, beanpod-like. Connective in lateral view (Fig. 36) narrow and slender, apical half reflexed ventrad and cephalad.

Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun (21°55'N, 101°13'E), on bamboo, 28 July 2011, W.-B. Zheng and Z.-M. Chang; paratypes: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, data same as holotype.

Bamboo.

Southwest China (Yunnan) (Fig. 37).

This new species is similar to Symplanella brevicephala (Chou, Yuan & Wang, 1994), but can be distinguished by: i) frons and clypeus mostly black (dark brown in Symplanella brevicephala); ii) posterior margin of male pygofer having one stout spinous process at middle, directed ventro-caudad (having one stout tooth-like process dorsally, directed dorso-caudad in Symplanella brevicephala); iii) genital style in lateral view dorso-apical angle broadly rounded (acutely rounded in Symplanella brevicephala); iv) aedeagal shaft mostly straight (S-shaped in Symplanella brevicephala).

The name is derived from transliteration of the Chinese “zhongtu”, meaning posterior margin of male pygofer having one stout spinous process at middle.