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A new species of Palpita Hübner (Crambidae, Spilomelinae), Palpita maritima, sp. n., is described from maritime forests of the coastal plains of southeastern United States.
Taxonomy, Palpita, Spilomelinae, coastal plain, North Carolina, Florida, Alabama
The genus Palpita Hübner is distributed worldwide. In the United States it consists of 11 recognized species (
Specimens are deposited in the following collections: JBS (J. Bolling Sullivan, North Carolina, USA) and USNM (National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia, USA).
Photographic methods used are described in
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16C4A455-EB87-4BAD-913F-9358B54271FB
http://species-id.net/wiki/Palpita_maritima
Figs 1–3Holotype male: USA: North Carolina, DCM Properties, Bald Head Island, Brunswick County (33.853; -79.9752), 31 March 1994, J. Bolling Sullivan, Richard Broadwell, Brad Smith (USNM). Paratypes: 13 males, 2 females: same data as type. 10 m, 31 March 1994; 3 males, 2 females: 13 April 1994 (USNM).
North Carolina, Carteret Co. Roosevelt Natural Area, Bogue Bank, 10-IV–2008. Florida, Putnam Co., Welaka For. Cons. Area, 17–21-III-1986, J.B. Heppner, Welaka Site 5, slashpine palmetto flatwoods. Liberty Co., Torreya State Park, 30-III-1988, H.D. Baggett. Alabama, Baldwin Co., Blakely State Park (30.749; -87.0142), 25–29-VII-2011, J. Bolling Sullivan.
The male genital characters, especially the shield-like juxta with two posterior pointed projections and the medial ribbon-like sclerotization across the valva, are diagnostic. External maculation, while fairly distinct within the genus, will not always distinguish this species readily from some forms of Palpita arsaltealis (Walker) and Palpita freemanalis Munroe that are also known from eastern U.S. coastal areas.
Male. Head Labial palpi brown scaled above, white scaled below, scaling on inner surface lighter brown. Haustellum white scaled. Frons brown scaled with darker, chocolate-colored patches laterally. Vertex with central white scaling and lateral brown scaling. Maxillary palpi developed, forming mesially directed tufts at occipital angle. Eyes large with well-developed corona. Ocellus present. Antenna brown scaled dorsally to tip and tan ventrally with scape brown, pedicel brown with white shining scales at base; fasciculate with tiny ventral setae. Thorax and abdomen Thorax with fuscous scaling. First two abdominal segments with white scaling dorsally, fuscous and chocolate scaling laterally. Remaining segments chocolate colored dorsally with scattered fuscous scales covering most of segment and a row of white scales distally giving abdomen a ringed appearance. Terminal segment largely fuscous. Underside of abdomen white with scattered fuscous scales. Abdomen extends 1/3 length beyond wing margins. Wings (wing length=12 mm, n=20); span (wing tip to wing tip=29 mm). Forewing with apex slightly rounded. Ground color brown, a mixture of chocolate and fuscous scales. Orbicular and reniform spots well marked. Wing pattern varies depending on condition of wear. Some individuals with well-marked chocolate-colored areas. Hindwing fuscous, less patterned than forewing. Underside of wings white, less patterned, but orbicular and reniform spots visible. Legs Forelegs with alternating brown and white-scaled regions. Middle legs brown dorsally, white ventrally. Hind legs white. A single pair of spurs on mid tibia, two pair on hind tibia with smaller, distal spurs brown, proximal spurs white. Some individuals with all spurs white. Female similar to male, scaling on leg spurs usually white with scattered brown scales. Male Genitalia Tegumen posterodorsally square. Uncus elongate, narrow in middle, wider at both ends. Distal end smoothly rounded with a pad of dorsal setae. Valva broadly rounded with moderately-dense hair patch at apex. Costa sclerotized, slightly narrower than width of apex of uncus and widening slightly at 2/3 from base. Sacculus heavily sclerotized, half width of valva at base, narrowing distally, not extending to costal apex, with three dorsal (toward costa) projections. Most distal projection tapers at tip and extends thumb-like medially, extends toward costa more than ½ distance but shape variable among individuals and between left and right valves. Most basal projection about half distance along length of valva, broadly rounded, extends less than ½ way to costa. Between these two projections, a less-sclerotized thin, ribbon-like projection extends across valva and bends toward costa without touching costa. Medial area of valva unsclerotized, with broadly-spaced setae. Vinculum 2–3× broader than tegumen, parategumen sclerites (=a pair of lateral sclerites located in basal region of tegumen, usually with long pencils or brushes of scales (=coremata) (
Palpita maritima, adult males from Bald Head Island, Brunswick County, North Carolina showing variation in maculation 1–3 paratypes 4 holotype.
5 Palpita maritima. A. male genitalia showing parategumen sclerites (= coremata). B. phallus with everted vesica 6 Palpita maritima A. female genitalia. B. ostium bursae region.
The species has been found frequently in North Carolina from Carteret County south to Brunswick County in late March and early April in coastal maritime forests. Additional captures have been made in the same habitat in June, July and August, but very few individuals represent later broods. This species has a much broader range along the southeastern coastline, but has been confused with other species and thus has remained unknown. For example, from Florida two specimens from Archbold Preserve, Highlands County, have barcodes that match Palpita maritima and two specimens from Liberty and Putnam counties morphologically match Palpita maritima. A male from Baldwin Co., Alabama, has been dissected and matches the North Carolina holotype. These habitats are dominated by live and laurel oaks, loblolly pines, yaupon holly and Smilax species. The larval foodplants of Palpita maritima have not been discovered, but other species of Palpita, including Palpita gracilialis (Hulst), Palpita kimballi Munroe, Palpita magniferalis and Palpita quadristigmalis (Guenée), use species of Oleaceae as foodplants (
Nearest neighbor joining barcode trees place Palpita maritima in a group that includes the Palpita arsaltealis (Walker) complex and Palpita illibalis (Hübner). Palpita maritima was compared to multiple genitalic preparations at the USNM of Palpita arsaltealis and Palpita illibalis. Males of Palpita arsaltealis (see fig. 3,
The name refers to the habitat type, coastal maritime forest, where the species is most abundant in the spring.
Thanks to Mark Metz (SEL) who made genitalic dissections for MAS. James Hayden, Florida Department of Agriculture, provided additional specimens from Florida for morphological study. Richard Broadwell and Brad Smith helped collect material for this study that was partially funded by the U. S. Forest Service (