Research Article |
Corresponding author: Tin-Yam Chan ( tychan@mail.ntou.edu.tw ) Academic editor: Sammy De Grave
© 2019 Su-Ching Chang, Tin-Yam Chan.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chang S-C, Chan T-Y (2019) On the clawed lobsters of the genus Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872 recently collected from deep-sea cruises off Taiwan and the South China Sea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Nephropidae). ZooKeys 833: 41-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.32837
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Recent deep-sea cruises using Taiwanese research vessels off Taiwan and in the South China Sea yielded seven species of the clawed lobster genus Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872. Four species are new records for Taiwan (Nephropsis acanthura Macpherson, 1990, N. holthuisi Macpherson, 1993, N. serrata Macpherson, 1993, and N. suhmi Bate, 1888) and three species are new records of Dongsha (under the jurisdiction of Taiwan) in the South China Sea (N. ensirostris Alcock, 1901, N. stewarti Wood-Mason, 1872, and N. suhmi). Altogether, five and four species of this genus are now known from Taiwan and Dongsha, respectively. The diagnostic characters and coloration are illustrated for most, if not all, of these species.
New records, synonym, taxonomy, West Pacific
Members of the genus Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872 represent the common clawed lobster found in the deep sea world-wide (
Specimens are deposited in the National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung (
Nephropsis acanthura
Macpherson, 1990: 311, figs 5d, 9d–f, 11a, b, 16d (type locality: Philippines);
TAIWAN 2003, stn CD210, 24°28.99'N, 122°12.79'E, 500–1183 m, 1 Jun 2003, 1 female cl 10.6 mm (
Carapace finely granulate. Rostrum longer than half carapace length, bearing a pair of strong lateral spines. Median groove on rostrum extending anteriorly beyond lateral rostral spines. Subdorsal carinae granulate. Supraorbital spines well developed. Postcervical groove passing dorsal midline of carapace. Distance between orbital border and postcervical groove slightly less than twice distance between postcervical groove and posterior border of carapace.
Abdomen with tergites II–VI bearing conspicuous median carina. Anterior border of pleuron II convex and bearing some spinules, terminating in long, acute point. Anterior border of pleura III–V less convex and also terminating in long, acute point. Strong erect dorsal spine present near base of telson. Uropodal exopod with complete diaeresis.
Carpus of cheliped I with strong anterordorsal spine; outer surface without spine; inner border with a spine somewhat at middle of carpus. Carpus of pereiopod II shorter than palm. Carpus of pereiopod III approximately 2/3 palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V slightly longer than half propodus length.
Body generally reddish with dorsal carapace and abdomen whitish. Eyes whitish.
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar, Indonesia, Australia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Tasman Sea, Chesterfield Islands, the Philippines, southern Japan (
Nephropsis acanthura is reported from Taiwan for the first time. This species and N. occidentalis Faxon, 1893 are the only two species in the genus bearing an erect spine near the base of the telson (
Nephropsis ensirostris
Alcock, 1901: 158, pl. 1-fig. 2 (type locality: north of the Laccadives, Arabian Sea);
Zhongsha 2015, stn CP4137, 19°53.059'N, 114°21.678'E, 536–524 m, 23 Jul 2015, 1 male cl 12.1 mm (
Carapace finely granulate. Rostrum more than half carapace length, without lateral spine. Median groove reaching or overreaching midpoint of rostrum. Each subdorsal carina with none or two spines and several granules. Gastric tubercle located closer to orbital border than to postcervical groove. Supraorbital and post-supraorbital spines present. Postcervical groove deep, passing dorsal midline of carapace. Pair of dorsal spines located just behind postcervical groove. Distance between orbital border and postcervical groove less than twice distance between postcervical groove and posterior border of carapace.
Abdominal tergites I–V with conspicuous transverse grooves. Dorsal median carina present on tergites II–VI. Anterior borders of pleura II–V granulated, spineless, terminating in a long, acute point. Anterior border of pleuron II more convex than those of other pleura. Uropodal exopod with distinct but incomplete diaeresis.
Cheliped I with little pubescence; carpus with well-developed anterodorsal spine, outer spine on terminal half and inner spine at about mid-length. Carpus of pereiopod II slightly longer than palm. Carpus of pereiopod III more than half palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V approximately 2/3 propodus length.
Body generally pinkish to whitish, with rostrum, tail fan, and antennal and antennular flagella reddish. Eyes whitish.
This species has been reported in the Indian Ocean along Gulf of Aden, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal to Andaman Sea. In the western Pacific it is only known from Indonesia and the Philippines. The present material extends its distribution to near Dongsha in the South China Sea. Bathymetric depth ranges from 315 to 1314 m (
Nephropsis ensirostris can be readily distinguished from other species of the genus by lacking a lateral spine on the rostrum. The two small specimens collected off west of Dongsha agree well with the description of
Nephropsis holthuisi
Macpherson, 1993: 55, figs 1–3 (except fig 3B), fig. 6B (erroneously as N. serrata) (type locality: Ashmore Reef, northwest Australia);
Nephropsis macphersoni
Watabe & Iizuka, 1999: 376, figs 3, 4 (type locality: east of Terrigal, southeastern Australia);
TAIWAN 2001, stn CD132, 22°20.98'N, 120°6.73'E, 690–700 m, 21 Nov 2001, 1 female cl 18.7 mm (
Carapace sparsely granulate. Rostrum 0.6–0.8 times carapace length, with pair of lateral spines. Median groove on rostrum reaching or overreaching lateral rostral spines. Subdorsal carinae with 1–4 spines posterior to supraorbital spines. Supraorbital spine well-developed, followed by distinct post-supraorbital spine. Distance between level of supraorbital spine and gastric tubercle approximately 0.4 times the distance between gastric tubercle and postcervical groove. Postcervical groove passing dorsal midline of carapace. Distance between orbital border and postcervical groove 1.5–1.9 times distance between postcervical groove and posterior border of carapace.
Abdominal tergites II–VI with distinct dorsal median carina. Anterior border of each pleuron spineless, more convex in pleuron II, and terminating in long, sharp point on pleura II–V. Uropodal exopod with complete diaeresis.
Cheliped I sparsely granulate. Carpus shorter than palm, with anterodorsal spine, a spine on inner dorsal border at midlength, and without any accessory spines or granules. Carpus of pereiopod II somewhat shorter than palm. Carpus of pereiopod III 0.6 times palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V approximately half propodus length.
Body generally vermilion red, with dorsal surface of posterior carapace and abdomen pinkish orange. Tips of large chelae and eyes whitish.
Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia, Australia, Japan, and now Taiwan, at depths of 350–1135 m (
This species is similar to Nephropsis rosea Bate, 1888 from the West Atlantic. They both have one pair of rostral lateral spines, one pair of post-supraorbital spines, a median carina on tergites II–VI, and a complete diaeresis on uropodal exopods. These two species mainly differ in the position of the gastric tubercle (see
There are variations in the development of the subdorsal spines in the type series of N. holthuisi from rather granulate in the holotype to distinct in the paratype (
Nephropsis serrata
Macpherson, 1993: 59, figs 4–6 (type locality: northwestern Australia);
Nephropsis hamadai Watabe & Ikeda, 1994: 102, figs 1–2 (type locality: Japan).
Nephropsis lyra Zarenkov, 2006: 87, figs 8–11 (type locality: off northwestern Australia).
Nephropsis pseudoserrata Zarenkov, 2006: 91, figs 15–18 (type locality: northeastern Sumatra).
TAIWAN 2003, stn CD210, 24°28.99'N, 122°12.79'E, 500–1183 m, 1 Jun 2003, 3 females cl 9.6–17.3 mm (
Nephropsis serrata Macpherson, 1993 (A, B), stn CP214, ovig. female cl 17.9 mm (
Carapace slightly granulate. Rostrum 0.4–0.8 times carapace length, with pair of lateral spines. Median groove reaching lateral rostral spines. Each subdorsal carinae with 2–6 distinct spines and some granules. Supraorbital spine well-developed, without post-supraorbital spine. Postcervical groove passing midline of carapace. Distance between orbital margin and postcervical groove 1.5–1.9 times distance between postcervical groove and posterior margin of carapace.
Abdominal tergites smooth, sometimes with some granules on large specimens, without median dorsal carina. Anterior margins of pleura II–V without spines, usually ending in a long, acute point. Uropodal exopod with complete diaeresis.
Cheliped I sparsely granulated, covered with dense hairs. Carpus with anterodorsal spine, 0–1 spine (rarely 0) on inner dorsal border at midlength, and an anteroventral spine on inner margin. Carpus of pereiopod II more or less as long as palm. Carpus of pereiopod III 0.6 times palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V 0.5–0.6 times propodus length.
Body generally whitish with rostrum, distal parts of pereiopods, maxilliped III, antennular and antennal flagella, abdominal pleura, uropods and distal part of telson pinkish red to reddish. Eyes whitish. Eggs greyish yellow.
Recorded from Indonesia, Australia, Japan, and now Taiwan, at depths of 390–1430 m (
One of the specimens from the lot
Three recently described species, namely N. hamadai Watabe & Ikeda, 1994, N. lyra Zarenkov, 2006, and N. pseudoserrata Zarenkov, 2006, are treated under the synonyms of N. serrata by
Nephropsis stewarti
Wood-Mason, 1872: 60 (type locality: Ross Island, Andaman Sea);
Nephropsis grandis Zarenkov, 2006: 86, figs 5–7 (type locality: off Arnhem Land, northern Australia).
Zhongsha 2015, stn CP4137, 19°53.059'N, 114°21.678'E, 536–524 m, 23 Jul 2015, 1 male cl 15.9 mm (
Carapace nearly smooth, sometimes with some granules. Rostrum with pair of lateral spines. Median groove overreaching lateral rostral spines. Subdorsal carinae granulate, without spines. Supraorbital spines well developed, without post-supraorbital spine. Distance between orbital margin and postcervical groove more than 1.5 times distance between postcervical groove and posterior margin of carapace.
Abdominal tergites II–V without dorsal median carina. No spines on anterior margin of each pleuron. Anterior margin of pleuron II convex, generally ending in long, sharp point (but rather short and blunt in large specimens). Anterior margins of pleura III–V less convex, each ending in long, sharp point. Uropodal exopod with distinct and complete diaeresis.
Cheliped I densely pubescent. Carpus with anterodorsal and anteroventral spines, and 0–4 dorsal spines on outer margin. Carpus of pereiopod II slightly shorter than palm. Carpus of pereiopod III more than half palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V approximately half propodus length.
Body generally whitish with antennular and antennal flagella, anterior segment of large chelae, dorsal carapace, and abdomen somewhat pale orange. Rostrum, tips of pereiopods II to V, and tail fan pinkish red. Eyes whitish. Pubescence on body light grey and eggs whitish.
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and has been reported from Madagascar, Natal, Mozambique, Kenya, Gulf of Aden, Andaman Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indonesia, Australia, the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, and now the South China Sea, at depths of 170 to more than 1060 m (
The present material collected by Taiwanese research vessels were from the South China Sea; near Dongsha (
Nephropsis grandis Zarenkov, 2006 was described based on a single specimen from northern Australia, and is extremely similar to N. stewarti in the subdorsal carina lacking a spine and the abdomen without any dorsal median carina. These two species were differentiated only by the carpus of the large cheliped, which is more spiny in N. grandis (cf.
Nephropsis suhmi
Bate, 1888: 181, pl. 23-fig. 3, pl. 24-fig. 2 (type locality: Aru Islands, Indonesia);
Nephropsis meteor Zarenkov, 2006: 90, figs 12–14 (type locality: Gulf of Aden).
TAIWAN 2002, stn CP189, 21°39.91'N, 118°20.94'E, 1649–1629 m, 27 Aug 2002, 1 female cl 26.6 mm (
Carapace covered with numerous granules of varying sizes (more developed in adults). Rostrum 0.4–0.6 times carapace length (somewhat longer in smaller specimens), bearing two (rarely three) lateral spines on each side, sometimes with one additional spine. Median groove reaching or almost reaching distal pair of lateral rostral spines. Each subdorsal carina with 0–7 (usually 3–5) spines and some granules. Gastric tubercle closer to supraorbital spine than to postcervical groove. Supraorbital spine well developed. Post-supraorbital spine present, usually followed by 1–2 spines. Postcervical groove deep, crossing dorsal midline. Distance between orbital border and postcervical groove 1.5–1.9 times distance between postcervical groove and posterior border of carapace.
Abdomen covered with granules. Tergites I–V each with distinct transverse groove interrupted medially. Pleura II–V slightly convex, each terminating in long, acute point which occasionally absent on pleuron V. Anterior border of pleura II and III usually bearing one strong spine (sometimes two) and some additional spinules. Anterior border of pleuron IV sometimes with a spine as well. Posterobasal border of pleuron V usually unarmed but occasionally bearing a single large spine. Dorsal surface of tail fan granulate; uropodal exopod lacking diaeresis.
Cheliped I bearing numerous granules; carpus with well-developed anterodorsal spine; outer surface bearing several spines (sometimes only 1–2 distinct spines in smaller specimens); inner surface with anteroventral spine and 1–2 (rarely 0) spines medially; dorsal surface of merus lined with spines. Carpus of pereiopod II 0.6–0.9 times palm length. Carpus of pereiopod III slightly more than half palm length. Dactyli of pereiopods IV and V approximately half propodus length.
Entire body vermilion red, except tips of large chelae, eyes, most dorsal parts of abdominal tergites I to V, and basal parts of antennular peduncles whitish.
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and recorded from Madagascar, Gulf of Aden, Maldive Sea, Arabian Sea, Indonesia, Australia, New Caledonia, western Tasman Sea, New Zealand, at 786–2029 m deep (
N. suhmi from the Indo-West Pacific and N. agassizii A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 from the West Atlantic (
Nephropsis meteor Zarenkov, 2006 is closely related to N. suhmi and was described based on a single specimen from the Gulf of Aden (
Nephropsis sulcata
Macpherson, 1990: 319, figs 13e–g, 14a, b, 15a, b, 16g (type locality: Philippines); 1993: 64;
Nephropsis atlantica:
Dongsha 2014, stn CP4130, 20°17.971'N, 116°07.966'E, 795–822 m, 2 May 2014, 1 male cl 16.6 mm (
Carapace generally smooth, with some small granules. Rostrum more than half carapace length, bearing two strong lateral spines. Median groove overreaching distal pair of lateral rostral spines. Posterior portion of subdorsal carina armed with several small spines. Postorbital and post-supraorbital spines present. Postcervical groove crossing midline of carapace. Distance between orbital margin and postercervical groove approximately 1.5 times distance between postcervical groove and posterior margin of carapace.
Abdominal tergites II–VI with distinct median carina. Anterior border of pleura II–V convex, each terminating in long, acute point. A single strong spine and 1–3 additional spines on anterior border of pleuron II. Anterior border of pleuron III with two small spines. Posterior border of pleuron V armed with a strong spine. Uropodal exopod with complete diaeresis.
Cheliped I bearing numerous granules on all articles. Carpus with anterodorsal and anteroventral spines; two spines on inner surface; outer surface with one spine on distal half. Carpus of pereiopod III 0.79 times palm length.
Unknown.
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from Madagascar, Laccadive Sea, Indonesia, South China Sea, northwestern and eastern Australia, Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia, and the Philippines, at depths of 200–1115 m (
The present specimen was collected off Dongsha in the South China Sea and the presence of N. sulcata off Dongsha has been reported before (
1 | Rostrum without lateral spines | N. ensirostris |
– | Rostrum with lateral spines | 2 |
2 | Exopod of uropod without diaeresis | N. suhmi |
– | Exopod of uropod with diaeresis | 3 |
3 | Rostrum with 2 pairs of lateral spines | N. sulcata |
– | Rostrum with 1 pair of lateral spines | 4 |
4 | Dorsal surface of telson with well-developed proximal median spine | N. acanthura |
– | Dorsal surface of telson without median spine | 5 |
5 | Abdominal tergites with dorsal median carina | N. holthuisi |
– | Abdominal tergites without dorsal median carina | 6 |
6 | Subdorsal carinae of rostrum with distinct spines | N. serrata |
– | Subdorsal carinae of rostrum without distinct spines | N. stewarti |
This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC, and the Center of Excellence for the Oceans (National Taiwan Ocean University), which is financially supported by The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan, ROC.