Specimens from New Hampshire and Massachusetts seem to be the most eastern and northern records for this species to date. Bousquet (2010) records it from Vermont and New Hampshire, but not Maine (also Majka et al. 2011), and it is not recorded from Canada. The species occurs in a variety of wet places and is, as far as known, incapable of flight. The species was not at all abundant or widespread, and our records are based on three specimens from one island and World’s End.

This is a State Record for Massachusetts, though not a surprising one as the species is now known from all New England states (recorded from Rhode Island in Sikes 2004 and Maine in Majka et al. 2011), and is also known from Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (Bousquet 2010). The species occurs in a variety of organically rich wet places and is wing dimorphic. Our record is based on six specimens taken on three islands.

Massachusetts specimens seem to represent the eastern end of the range of this species as far as now known, the nearest localities being in Vermont and Québec. It is not recorded from New Hampshire, Maine or northeastern Canada (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). The species occurs in a variety of wet places and is fully winged, capable of flight as it has been taken at lights. A single specimen was taken.

Specimens from New Hampshire and Massachusetts seem to be the most eastern records for this species to date. It is not recorded from Maine and is not known from Canada east of Ontario (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). The species occurs in a variety of organically rich wet places and is fully winged, presumably capable of flight. Three specimens were taken on one island and World’s End.

Specimens from New Hampshire and Massachusetts seem to be the most eastern records for this species to date. It is not recorded from Maine and is not known from Canada east of Ontario (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). This species, which is widespread and often very abundant, was surprisingly rare and limited in the survey. It occurs in a very wide variety of wet places and is fully winged, capable of flight as it is taken frequently at lights. Only five specimens were taken, all from one island.

This introduced species is a State Record for Massachusetts. It appears to have been introduced in North America sometime before 1929 (Bousquet 2010), presumably in northeast Canada where it has spread as far as Québec. In the United States, it had been recorded previously only from New Hampshire (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993) and Maine (Bousquet 2010; also Majka et al. 2011), so Massachusetts is at present the southern limit of its known range (in North America). It is not recorded from New Hampshire in Bousquet (2010), but we do not know whether this is merely an error or a deliberate correction. The species occurs on relatively dry ground in a variety of open habitats, especially near towns and ports, and is often abundant in seashore drift (Larochelle and Larivière 2003). It is fully winged and taken frequently at lights. It is abundant and widespread on the harbor islands. Our record is based on 81 specimens from six islands. This suggests this species has been in coastal Massachusetts for some time.

Much like the previous species (Amara aulica), this introduced species is a State Record for Massachusetts, also presumably introduced in northeast Canada before 1929 (Bousquet 2010) and spread as far as Québec. It was recorded previously in the United States only from Maine and New Hampshire (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011), so Massachusetts is currently the southern known limit of its range (in North America). The species occurs in a variety of open areas on dry, sandy, sparsely vegetated ground, and is heavily favored by human disturbance. It is fully winged, is taken frequently at lights, and is often abundant in seashore drift (Larochelle and Larivière 2003). The species was VERY abundant on Spectacle Island, where 801 specimens were taken (see Discussion), and seven specimens were collected on two other islands.

This is another species which seems to reach its eastern and northern limits in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. It is not yet recorded from Vermont or Maine (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011), and is known in Canada only from Ontario (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993). It occurs on dry sandy soil in a variety of open areas, and is heavily favored by human disturbance. It is fully winged and a known flier, and it is taken frequently at lights. The species was relatively abundant and widespread, with 96 specimens taken on four islands and World’s End.

Like many European carabids, this species has been spreading from introduction points in both the northeast and the northwest. Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) report it in the west from British Columbia and Alberta, and in the east from Québec, Ontario, New York, Connecticut and Rhode Island. Hieke (2000) adds records from Oregon, Iowa, Virginia, New Hampshire, and the first Massachusetts records (with labels dated 1933 and 1925, which seems to be the earliest known record according to Bousquet (2010)). Bousquet (2010) also adds further records from northeast Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island). Davidson has records from a couple of sites in the eastern half of Pennsylvania (NEW STATE RECORD for Pennsylvania), about a hundred specimens at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH) in Pittsburgh. The species occurs on sparsely vegetated dry soil in a variety of open habitats, is favored by human disturbance, is fully winged, and is found frequently in seashore drift (which means it is presumably capable of flight). The survey took five specimens on two islands.

This is a State Record for Massachusetts and the northeast limit of the known range of this species. It is recorded from as far north and east as New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and now Massachusetts, but it is not known from Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine or Canada (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). The species occurs on moist soil in deciduous woodland, often under leaf litter. It is wing dimorphic, but fully winged individuals are taken frequently at lights and in seashore drift, so the species is certainly capable of flight. A single fully winged specimen was taken at World’s End.

This introduced species was reported from North America first by Cooper (1930) from Long Island, New York. It was not recorded again for fifty years, until Davidson and Langworthy (1980) rediscovered the species on Long Island and found it to be abundant and widespread. Krinsky saw this paper and wrote to Davidson, realizing that this was the species he had from Connecticut (Krinsky 1981), the first mainland records for this taxon. There are no published records of specimens from Massachusetts from the span 1981 to 1989, but the species presumably worked its way through the state as Bell (1989) reported it from New Hampshire. Bousquet and Larochelle (1993) added records from Massachusetts and Maine, and it has since been recorded from Rhode Island (Sikes 2004). This species is now known from all New England states except Vermont, and all records to date are from counties close to the Atlantic coast. Survey work in Columbia County, New York, in 2008, turned up many specimens (Conrad Vispo, Hawthorne Valley Farms Farmscape Ecology Program, brought specimens to Davidson to identify in 2008; Davidson and Acciavatti collected several more in April, 2009; specimens at CMNH). These are the first mainland records for New York, close to the east bank of the Hudson River, and about as far inland as the species has been found so far. It is not as yet known to have crossed the Hudson River or moved south into New Jersey, possibly reflecting lack of sampling effort. The species occurs on moist, bare or sparsely vegetated soils (but often shaded), often but not necessarily near water. It is fully winged and capable of flight, and has been observed flying during the daytime. The records for the Boston Harbor ATBI are two specimens that were hand-collected on Thompson Island early in the year by 5th grade students from the Wellesley School District.

The rediscovery of this species in Massachusetts is of sufficient significance to warrant a separate publication (see Davidson and Rykken, this volume). Hayward (1897) described Bembidion puritanum from a few specimens from Massachusetts without further locality, and with no indication of habitat, and it was never seen again. Erwin and Kavanaugh (1980) synonymized Hayward’s species with the European species Bembidion nigropiceum. As the species had never been found again in North America, they speculated that it had been introduced but not established. Rediscovery in this survey suggests that the species has been in Massachusetts all along, as it occurs on several of the Boston Harbor Islands (and it also affirms the value of such surveys). We suggest that this species’ flightlessness, small size and apparently very restricted habitat preferences (see Davidson and Rykken, this volume; and Neri and Magrini 2010) resulted in an absence of collecting records for over a century. The biology of this species was unknown (Larochelle and Larivière 2003). The species occurs primarily in a very narrow littoral zone in gravel pushed up at the upper limit of tidal wash. It is short-winged and incapable of flight. The survey collected 82 specimens as follows: Grape Island (one specimen, pitfall, 2008); Rainsford Island (9 specimens, by hand, 2008); and Thompson Island (four specimens, pitfall, 2007; 67 specimens, by hand, 2008; one specimen, by hand, 2010).

This species seems to be relatively rare in collections and limited to coastal habitats, though nothing seems to be known about its habitat requirements. This species reaches its northern limit in Massachusetts and New Hampshire; Bousquet (2010) does not report any records from further north or east. Published records show a coastal distribution in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Florida, thus with a substantial geographic gap between New Jersey and Florida. Lack of collecting effort and difficulty in identification probably underlie this apparent absence. The species of Brachinus are difficult to identify at best, but the particular subgroup to which Brachinus vulcanoides belongs is notoriously difficult. A relatively modest collecting effort would probably close the distributional gap and perhaps illuminate which ecological requirements limit this species to coastal distribution, as many near relatives are widely distributed. The species is fully winged and presumably capable of flight. Like other Brachinus, larvae are presumed to be ectoparasitic on water beetle pupae. All 37 specimens were taken at World’s End.

The Massachusetts specimen represents a State Record for this species. In New England, this species was known previously from Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Maine (Bousquet 2010; Sikes 2004; Majka et al. 2011), and in Canada it is not known east of Ontario. Published records from Québec are based on a misidentification (Bousquet 2010). The species occurs on wet clay soils in a variety of wetland habitats. It is fully winged and capable of flight, and is frequently collected at lights. A single specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts and New Hampshire seem to represent the most northern and eastern records for this species. Québec records are from further west (Larochelle 1975), and it is not recorded from Maine or northeast Canada (Bousquet 2010). The species occurs on dry, sparsely vegetated sandy soils in a variety of open areas (e.g., meadows, pastures). It is wing dimorphic, most individuals brachypterous but some fully winged and capable of flight. A single fully winged specimen was taken.

The distributional situation is probably similar to Cymindis americana. The species was not recorded from Québec in Larochelle (1975), but Bousquet (2010) mentions Québec records without further locality (though probably closer to Lake Erie and the upper St. Lawrence). It has been recently recorded from Maine (Majka et al. 2011), but without further locality. Thus Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine currently are the most northern and eastern records for this arboreal species, and the Maine records may well be from the south. Adults are found for the most part on tree trunks or in the canopy. They are fully winged and capable of flight. Specimens are collected most readily with light traps or by checking tree trunks at night (and especially by baiting tree trunks at night with sugar baits used for attracting moths). Thirteen specimens were taken on four islands and World’s End.

The first report of this European species in North America was Bell and Davidson (1987), who discussed specimens found in New Hampshire and dated as early as 1981. This may have been the point of introduction (or close to it) and it has spread from there both northeast and southwest. It is possible that it was introduced in northeast Canada, as is more typical, and was merely overlooked or confused with the superficially similar Harpalus affinis until the presence of Harpalus rubripes was made known. But with a number of collectors in the northeast, one would think by now even a misidentified specimen with an earlier year would have been corrected and reported. Either way, the species is now widespread and very common in the northeast, though the Massachusetts specimens are a State Record. By 1993 (Bousquet and Larochelle), it was known from New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and Bousquet (2010) has added Vermont, Maine, Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. It has spread also considerably to the west, crossing the Hudson River into Ulster County, New York, at least by the year 2000 (NEW STATE RECORD for New York; specimens at Carnegie Museum of Natural History), and during the last decade into the eastern half of Pennsylvania (NEW STATE RECORD for Pennsylvania; specimens from at least Schuylkill, Luzerne and Centre Counties, also in CMNH). The species occurs on dry, sandy, sparsely vegetated soils in a variety of open habitats (e.g., pastures, fields, crops). It is fully winged and capable of flight, and has been taken at lights and in seashore drift. It seems to be widespread among the islands, but not very common. Ten specimens were taken on five islands and World’s End.

This is apparently the first record of this species from the United States. Laemostenus terricola is known from both coasts of Canada: British Columbia in the northwest (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993), and Québec to Newfoundland in the northeast (Bousquet 2010), with earliest records dating from around 1894. It was not recorded from Québec by Larochelle in 1975, but is recorded by Bousquet in 2010, so presumably it reached Québec in the intervening years (the species is large and usually common once established, so it is not easily overlooked). It is also therefore possibly present in Maine and New Hampshire, though not yet recorded from those states (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011), unless the specimens from Boston Harbor represent a separate introduction rather than a continuous spreading from northeast to southwest. In spite of its large size and flightlessness (brachypterous (Casale 1988; Larochelle and Larivière 2003)), this species is apparently capable of dispersal. In addition to colonizing both coasts of Canada, it has colonized several sites in India. It is widespread in Europe and Asia from Portugal to the Caucasus, Norway to Romania and Italy. Casale, in his superb monograph on the world’s sphodrines (1988), documented population variation in this species, and indicates that the populations in northeastern Canada came probably from the Iberian Peninsula or from France. Originally from epigean habitats (under stones in open areas, and especially troglophilic and guanophilic in caves and in artificially subterranean environments like nests and burrows), the species is now heavily synanthropic and does very well around human disturbance (gardens, yards, barns, stables, pastures, cellars)(Casale 1988). On the other hand, it seems to have been in the northeast for over one hundred years and, compared with many other introduced carabids, has been relatively slow to spread from its original point or points of colonization. Presumably its habits and habitat render it prone to dispersal by commerce and human disturbance, but once established its large size and flightlessness make local dispersal relatively slow. The three specimens taken on Grape Island (4 October, 2005; 2 July 2008; 14 August, 2008) are the first records from the United States and, of course, a state record for Massachusetts.

One should be aware that there is another, superficially similar Laemostenus that is now more or less cosmopolitan, originating from Europe and North Africa, but has reached ports in mid-Atlantic Islands, California, Washington, British Columbia, Peru, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. It has not yet been reported from the east coast of North America but should be looked for, and one should not assume that a large Laemostenus from the east coast is necessarily Laemostenus terricola. This other species, Laemostenus (Laemostenus) complanatus (Dejean), is similarly synanthropic, but is fully winged and presumably capable of flight, and spreads relatively rapidly once colonized.

Specimens from Massachusetts may represent the most eastern and northern records for this species. In Canada it is known only from (presumably southern) Ontario (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993). It is recorded from Vermont and Maine in Bousquet and Larochelle (1993); Vermont but not Maine in Bousquet (2010); and Maine in Majka et al. (2011), but citing specifically Bousquet and Larochelle (1993). We do not know whether the omission of Maine in Bousquet (2010) is an error or a deliberate correction. The species is associated with the chrysomelids Capraita obsidiana (Fabricius) and Disonycha glabrata Fabricius (Larochelle and Larivière 2003), the carabid larvae presumably being ectoparasitic on the larvae and pupae of the chrysomelids, as is the case with the few Lebia species which have been carefully studied. This species is fully winged and capable of flight, and has been taken at lights. One specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts and New Hampshire represent the most eastern and (so far) most northeastern records for this species in the northeast. Larochelle (1975) records it from Québec, but only around Lake Ontario and the upper reaches of the St. Lawrence. It is not recorded from Maine or Canada east of Québec (Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). The larva is known to be an ectoparasite of larvae and pupae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and probably some other chrysomelids, and is apparently an important predator of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Larochelle and Larivière 2003). Adults are fully winged and capable of flight, and have been taken at lights. One specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine represent the most eastern and northern records for this species. It is recorded from Québec (Bousquet 2010; but not in Larochelle 1975 nor Majka et al. 2011) without further locality, but in Canada not northeast of Québec (Bousquet 2010). It has very recently been recorded from Maine for the first time (Majka et al. 2011). Larvae are presumably ectoparasites on chrysomelids, but hosts seem to be unknown. Adults are fully winged and capable of flight, and have been taken at lights. A single specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts and New Hampshire represent the most eastern and northern records for this species to date. It is not reported from Maine (Bousquet 2010), and in Canada it is known only from (presumably southern) Ontario (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993). The species occurs on a variety of soil types in a variety of open habitats, where the subfossorial adults dig burrows. Adults are fully winged and capable of flight, and have been taken at lights. One specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine represent the most eastern and northern records for this species to date. It has only recently been reported from Maine (without further locality, Majka et al. 2011) and is not yet known from Canada at all (Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Bousquet 2010; Majka et al. 2011). The species occurs mainly in or near deciduous forest, is fully winged and capable of flight, and is taken frequently at lights. Two specimens were taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts and Maine represent the most eastern and northeastern records for this species in the northeast. Larochelle (1975) records it from Québec, but only a couple of localities around Lake Ontario, and Bousquet (2010) records it from Vermont. It has not yet been reported from New Hampshire or further to the northeast in Canada, and it has only recently been reported from Maine (Majka et al. 2011). Little is reported about biology, but it seems to be common in lawns and grass. It is fully winged and capable of flight. One specimen was taken.

Specimens from Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine represent the most eastern and northern records for this species in the northeast. It is recorded from Québec (Bousquet 2010; but not in Larochelle 1975) without further locality, but in Canada it is not recorded northeast of Québec (Bousquet 2010). It has recently been reported from Maine (Majka et al. 2011), based on recent specimens and a long overlooked record by Harvey and Knight (1897). The species occurs in upland deciduous forests and floodplain forests, is fully winged and capable of flight, and is taken frequently in both lake and seashore drift. A single specimen was taken.