Mizotrechus novemstriatus Bates, 1872:199

Previously one, now 18.

Stable herein as of this publication, yet many new species expected in Central and South America, particularly south of the main Amazon channel. Adelphotaxon: probably Perigona Laporte de Castelnau 1835.

Trough beetles. An attribute of adults of the Tribe Perigonini is the peculiar setiferous trough-like margin at the latero-apical portion of the elytron. While Bates’ use of “mizo” as part of the genus name is unclear, I found that the French translation of the Japanese word, mizo, is ditch or pit in English. Perhaps Bates (who published much on Japanese beetles) was referring to the long marginal setiferous “trough” near the apex of the elytron.

Presently known from Central and (northern) South America and here predicted to be found throughout the Amazon Basin and possibly north into México.

Tropical rainforest, dry forest, and cloud forest possibly in leaf litter, or more likely subcortical (under loose bark). I suggest that these beetles are subcortical based on their coloration, robust exoskeleton, markedly expanded distal antennomeres, prolonged sharp mandibles, serrate or undulating humerus in some species, and somewhat depressed form. Some of these attributes are found in the adults of genera Pachyteles, Holmalomorpha, Catapiesis, Inpa, and Morion, among others, whose adult members are known to be subcortical inhabitants for part of their life history.

(Bates (1872, 1883)

Differing in adult attributes from those of its probable adelphotaxon, Perigona Laporte de Castelnau 1835 and from Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850 by the following: 1) adult Mizotrechus possess markedly expanded distal antennomeres (neither adults of Perigona nor Diploharpus adults have such); 2) both male and female Mizotrechus adults have the foreleg femur modified in some manner (except Mizotrechus batesi, sp. n.) such as dentate, serrate, swollen or ridged (lacking in adults of both Perigona and Diploharpus); 3) adult Mizotrechus lack discal setae of the elytra (present in Perigona at apex of interneur 5 and in Diploharpus at middle and apical third in interneur 3); 4) adult Mizotrechus have umbilicate setae at apical third off-set and surrounded by a dense patch of short setae (both Perigona and Diploharpus have the umbilicate setae in-line and with few if any short setae); 5) adult Mizotrechus have a dense patch of setae in the apical trough of the elytron (neither Perigona nor Diploharpus have such a patch, although some species have a few setae); 6) sternum III of both sexes of Mizotrechus species have a short row of reclinate setae medially set between two narrowly spaced ambulatory setae (neither adults of Perigona nor Diploharpus nor a new genus (Erwin, in prep) have such).

Lowland tropical rainforests in Central and northern South America, as well as midland cloud and dry forests in Central America.

The species list below, as well as arrangement of descriptions that follow is ordered alphabetically.

Mizotrechus batesi sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus bellorum sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus belvedere sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus brulei sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus chontalesensis sp. n. Nicaragua

Mizotrechus costaricensis sp. n. Costa Rica

Mizotrechus dalensi sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus edithpiafae sp. n.?

Mizotrechus fortunensis sp. n. Panamá

Mizotrechus gorgona. sp. n. Colombia

Mizotrechus grossus sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus jefe sp. n. Panamá

Mizotrechus marielaforetae sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus minutus sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus neblinensis sp. n. Guyane, Venezuela

Mizotrechus novemstriatus Bates, 1872 Brazil

Mizotrechus poirieri sp. n. Guyane

Mizotrechus woldai sp. n. Panamá

Guyane, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 30 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124884, male).

The epithet “batesi” is an eponym, based on the family name of Henry Walter Bates, whose eleven years of collecting beetles in South America capturing adults of many new species, and genera such as this, would qualify him for the Hall of Fame of beetle collectors and describers, if there was such a Hall.

Bates’ trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and small sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose and punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margin shallowly emarginate just anterior to hind angle; base densely punctulate. Elytra narrow and elongate, about the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well-impressed interneurs, intervals flat; margin behind humerus shallowly serrulate. Foreleg femur with slightly produced ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Fig. 1). Size: See Appendix 1. Small for genus, ABL = 5.9 mm, SBL = 4.9 mm, TW = 1.8 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny. Head: Labrum quadrate and medially notched apically. Eye small, moderately convex. Gena long, straight. Frons, occiput and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin beaded, not explanate except at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, intervals slightly costate, interneurs striate, not punctate, apex slightly oblique and slightly rounded, sutural apex narrowly truncate. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 21) with slightly produced long ridge on postero-ventral margin and with a very short secondary ridge basally and above end of long ridge, not dentate; posterior trochanter tapered to point, length nearly half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae; sternum VII medially notched in male. Male genitalia: Aedeagus and parameres missing from single known male holotype, although the ring sclerite is present. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. The adult holotype was active in November, at the end of the dry season.

None.

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Guyane.

Guyane, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 13 September 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124890, male)

The epithet “bellorum” is an eponym, based on the family name of Ross and Joyce Bell, with a special thanks for a career that brought light to the rhysodine clade of very interesting beetles with colors and tough cuticle also found in adults of Mizotrechus species.

Bells’ trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons at sides with evident rugae, punctulate. Occiput at sides with evident rugae, punctulate. Pronotum nearly quadrate, narrowed behind, with straight margins to hind angle, hind angle dentate, tooth small; base sparsely rugulose. Elytra broad and short, much wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with only interneurs 1–3 moderately engraved, 4–8 evident yet shallowly impressed, more so toward margin, not punctate; margin behind humerus uneven, yet not serrate. Foreleg femur subdentate at the base of postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 2, 25). Size: See Appendix 1. Medium sized for the genus, ABL = 6.9 mm, SBL = 5.87 mm, TW = 2.55 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny, elytra slightly duller due to shallowly engraved slightly stretched microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico-medially emarginate. Eye large, moderately convex. Gena moderately short, straight. Frons, occiput and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Narrow, quadrate, narrowed slightly toward base, margins not emarginate before hind angle, angle dentate, tooth small, margin moderately explanate except wider at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs not punctate, apex moderately oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 20) with a small obtuse tooth at basal third of postero-ventral margin; posterior trochanter narrowly acute at apex, about half the length of the femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 25) elongate and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a losp. n.tulate distal end less bent ventrad than in Mizotrechus dalensi and thicker in cross section, moderately curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then evenly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, not crested, opening more or less 30 degrees off axis with that of shaft. Parameres large, left a half longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in September, near the end of the dry season.

None.

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Guyane.

GUYANE, Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 17 February 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP129201, male).

The epithet “belvedere” is a singular Latinized masculine noun in apposition, based on the name of the area in which these beetles are found.

Belvédère trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and moderately large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose above and behind eye in an arc and moderately punctulate. Occiput moderately punctulate. Pronotum longer than wide with lateral margins moderately explanate and basally notched; base moderately microrugose. Elytra moderately broad and short, apex prolonged, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 5 well-impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex; margin behind humerus rough, intervals between microsetae blunt. Foreleg femur with slightly produced postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 3, 26). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately small for genus, ABL = 7.2 mm, SBL = 6.14 mm, TW = 2.48 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny, elytra matte. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially slightly V-notched. Eye moderately large and convex. Gena with very slight bulge. Frons, occiput and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately narrow, narrowed slightly toward base, margin moderately explanate, wider before hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures moderately dense, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, interneurs with well-impressed irregularly-spaced punctulate, apex slightly obliquely prolonged and slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 23) with slightly produced ridge along postero-ventral margin, not dentate, without short dorsal ridge at base of longer ridge; posterior trochanter tapered to rounded point in male, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely so medially on II and III; sternum III of male with short dense patch of decumbent setae medially set between two ambulatory setae; sternum VII shallowly and medially notched in male. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 26) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a short blunt distal end that is less prominent than in Mizotrechus brulei, slightly curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex evenly curved; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less 20 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. The holotype was active in February, the rainy season.

None.

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Guyane.

GUYANE, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 13 September 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124886, male).

The epithet “brulei” is an eponym, based on the family name of Stephané Brule, whose team in Guyane has been collecting beetles using Flight Intercept Traps and capturing adults of many new species, such as this one.

Brule’s trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and small sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose only at extreme anterior angles and punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margins basally shallowly emarginate; base moderately microrugose. Elytra moderately narrow and elongate, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well-impressed interneurs, intervals not convex; margin behind humerus moderately serrulate. Foreleg femur with slight swelling near the base on the postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 4, 27). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately small for genus, ABL = 6.0–6.8 mm, SBL = 5.53–6.41 mm, TW = 2.03–2.22 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially barely emarginate. Eye small, moderately convex. Gena long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin beaded, not explanate except at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, apex slightly oblique and slightly rounded, sutural apex narrowly truncate. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (Fig. 23) with slightly produced ridge along postero-ventral margin, not dentate, without short dorsal ridge at base of longer ridge; posterior trochanter tapered to acute point in male, acuminate in female, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae; sternum VII medially notched in male, slightly emarginated in female. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 27) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex short, blunt, distal end more prominent than in Mizotrechus belvedere, slightly curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex evenly curved; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less in line with axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult specimens were collected in flight intercept traps in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in April and September, in both the rainy and dry seasons.

Paratypes: GUYANE, Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 14 April 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124960, female), 9 January 2011 (NMNH: ADP124924, female), 6 March 2010 (NMNH: ADP127159, male), 8 August 2010 (NMNH: ADP129205, male), 22 August 2010 (NMNH: ADP128729, male, ADP128727, female), 3 October 2010 (NMNH: ADP128731, male), Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 29 October 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124926, female).

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from three lowland localities in Guyane.

NICARAGUA, Chontales, ? nr. Santo Domingo, 514 m, 12.262°N, 85.083°W, (EM Janson)(BMNH: ADP127181, female).

. The epithet “chontalesensis” is a Latinized noun in apposition, based on the name of the area in which these beetles are found.

Chontales trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and moderately large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons and occiput quite smooth, without regular rugae; micropunctation widespread and hardly evident. Pronotum longer than wide with lateral margins narrowly explanate and basally shallowly emarginate with sharp, not denticulate, hind angles; base smooth, without regular microrugosity. Elytra moderately broad and short, apices not prolonged, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and each with 8 well-impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex; margins behind humeri rough, intervals between microsetae blunt. Foreleg femur with slightly produced ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 5, 21). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately sized for genus, ABL = 7.1 mm, SBL = 5.87 mm, TW = 2.29 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, elytra, and legs shiny. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially barely emarginate. Eye small and barely convex. Gena straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately narrow, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate, slightly wider before hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, very fine, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, all interneurs with well-impressed irregularly-spaced punctures, apex not prolonged, slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Legs: Normal in female; foreleg femur (Fig. 21) with slightly produced, short, arcuate ridge on postero-ventral margin at basal forth, not dentate; posterior trochanter tapered to rounded point in female, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely so medially on II and III; sternum VII barely medially emarginate in female. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

Unknown.

None.

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the dry tropical forested lowlands of Nicaragua.

COSTA RICA, Alajuela, San Ramón, Reserva Biologica Alberto Brenes, Rio San Lorenzo, 850 m, 10.2283°N, 84.5857°W, 30 June – 5 July 1999 (J Rodriguez)(INBIO: ADP128620, INB0003057334, male).

The epithet “costaricensis” is a Latinized noun in apposition, based on a geographic name formed from “Costa Rica, “ the country in which an adult of this species has been found, and the Latin suffix “-ensis, “ meaning of, or from that place.

Costa Rica trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons and occiput shallowly rugose above and behind eye in an arc asp. n.rsely and finely punctulate. Pronotum subcordiform with lateral margins moderately explanate and basally emarginate before right hind angles; base shallowly and regularly microrugose. Elytra moderately narrow and short, apex prolonged, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 5 well-impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex; margin behind humerus rough, intervals between microsetae blunt. Foreleg femur with markedly serrate postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 6, 28). Size: See Appendix 1. Large for genus, ABL = 8.4 mm, SBL = 6.88 mm, TW = 2.88 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny, elytra matte. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially slightly produced. Eye moderately small and convex. Gena straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately narrow, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate, wider before hind angle; surface sparsely punctulate, punctures very fine, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, 5 interneurs with well-impressed irregularly spaced punctures, apex not prolonged, slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 24) with markedly serrate postero-ventral margin, not dentate; posterior trochanter tapered to acute point in male, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely so medially on II and III; sternum III of male with short row of decumbent setae medially set between two ambulatory setae; sternum VII shallowly and medially notched in male. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 28) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a very short and narrow distal end, slightly rounded in lateral aspect, more twisted laterally than in Mizotrechus fortunensis, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then briefly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less 30 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a twice longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The holotype was collected in an aerial net. Adults are active in early July, the area’s dry season.

None.

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known only from the type locality in premontane rainforests of Costa Rica.

GUYANE, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 30 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124894, male).

The epithet “dalensi” is an eponym, based on the family name of P.H. Dalens, whose team in Guyane has been collecting beetles using Flight Intercept Traps and capturing adults of many new species, such as this one.

Dalens’ trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose and punctulate. Occiput shallowly rugose at sides and punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margins basally straight to slightly toothed hind angle; base moderately rugose. Elytra broad and moderately short, much wider than width of pronotum across anterior third, and with two well- impressed interneurs, the remainder shallower toward margin; margins behind humeri not serrulate. Foreleg femur dentate basally on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 7, 20, 29, Plate 11). Size: See Appendix 1. Medium-sized for genus, ABL = 7.6–8.2 mm, SBL = 6.40–7.09 mm, TW = 2.64–3.11 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny; elytra dull due to marked slightly stretched well-impressed microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially barely emarginate. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin beaded, not explanate except at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, and with shallow yet evident transverse microsculpture, surface glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, intervals flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, becoming shallower toward margin, apex slightly oblique, straight, sutural apex narrowly and slightly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (Fig. 20) dentate at basal third on postero-ventral margin; posterior trochanter tapered to acute point in male, slightly acuminate in female, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae; sternum VII medially V-notched in male, U-notched in female. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 29) elongate and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a losp. n.tulate distal end less bent ventrad than in Mizotrechus poirieri, moderately curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then evenly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded and crested, opening more or less 40 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: (Plate 11). Ovipositor with broad laterotergite (lt) and two gonocoxites (gc 1, gc 2); gonocoxite 1 apico-laterally setose; gonocoxite 2 falcate, base (b) medium-size, narrow, blade (bl) elongate, with two dorsal ensiform setae (des), and one ventral ensiform seta (ves), all ensiform setae moderately long and robust; with ventral preapical nematiform setae (evident on A, hidden on B). Reproductive tract (Plate 11A) proximally with short, broad bursa copulatrix (bc), continuous at its distal end with common oviduct (co) and long robust spermatheca (sp), latter slightly narrowed distally; spermathecal gland (sg) bulbous; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) long, slender, attached to spermatheca at base of its broadened portion.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adults at four localities were collected in flight intercept traps in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in March and November, in both the rainy and dry seasons.

Paratypes: Guyane, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 23 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124896, male); Mount Itoupe, 570 m, 3.0148°N, 53.0721°W, 17 March 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP126485, male); Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 8 August 2010 (NMNH: ADP129203, female), 1 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124956, female), Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 20 December 2010 (NMNH: ADP127167, male), 4 January 2011 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124922, female), 36 km W Regina, Petite Montague Tortue, P17, 94 m, 4.3204°N, 52.2404°W, 23 June 2010 (G Lamarre)(NMNH: ADP127161, male).

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known from five localities in the lowland and midland rainforests of Guyane.

Locality unknown. Specimen, (BMNH: ADP128624, male), labeled (Bates’ handwriting) “Mizotrechus / G^er Bates.”

The epithet “edithpiafae” is an eponym, based on the full name of Edith Piaf, the famous French singer, 19 December 1915–11 October 1963, whose voice had an incredible range of diversity, as is that found in the carabid species richness of Guyane, and who sang a variety of “torch songs”, and here I play on the word “torch”, the same word that applies to what is used to ignite the trees of the unique tropical rainforests of South America, an Armageddon in our own times.

Piaf’s trough beetle.

. With the attributes of the genus as described above and large sized for the genus as it is presently understood. Adults with darkly infuscate integument, elytra slightly paler, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture black. Frons and occiput smooth above and behind eye asp. n.rsely and finely punctulate. Pronotum quadrate and highly convex with lateral margins narrowly explanate and basally straight before slightly denticulate hind angles; base shallowly and regularly microrugose. Elytra very broad and short, apex not prolonged, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well- impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex; margin behind humerus rough, intervals between microsetae blunt. Foreleg femur with markedly dentate ventral margin.

(Figs 8, 22). Size: See Appendix 1. Large for genus, ABL = 8.4 mm, SBL = 7.16 mm, TW = 2.94 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny, elytra slightly matte. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially moderately v-notched. Eye moderately small and convex. Gena straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, barely narrowed toward base, margin narrowly explanate, wider before hind angle; surface sparsely punctulate, punctures very fine, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, 8 interneurs with well-impressed irregularly-spaced punctures, apex not prolonged, slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (Fig. 22) ridged along the posterio-ventral margin and markedly produced at middle of ridge ; posterior trochanter tapered to rounded point in male, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely so medially on II and III; sternum III of male with short dense row of decumbent setae medially set between two ambulatory setae; sternum VII shallowly and medially notched in male. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 30) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a moderately long narrow distal end, slightly curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex evenly curved, ventral margin proximal to apex straight; endophallus (everted) with complexly folded tracheal fields and a narrow sclerotized rod; phallobase not fully hooded, opening 20 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

Unknown.

None.

Unknown.

PANAMÁ, Chiriquí Province, Fortuna, 1050 m, 8.7341°N, 82.2701°W, 13 August 1978 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP124968, male).

The epithet “fortunensis” is a Latinized noun in apposition, based on a geographic name formed from “Fortuna“ (Panamá) the place in which adults of this species have been found, and the Latin suffix “-ensis, “ meaning of, or from that place.

Fortuna trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons smooth, not or barely rugose near eye, surface punctulate. Occiput smooth, punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margins basally shallowly emarginated, hind angles slightly toothed; base densely microrugose. Elytra broad and short, much broader than width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 3 well-impressed interneurs, others shallower toward margin; margins behind humeri shallowly serrulate. Foreleg femur serrate on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 9, 31). Size: See Appendix 1. Large-sized for genus, ABL = 8.5–8.7 mm, SBL = 7.02–7.66 mm, TW = 2.93 –3.03 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny; elytra dull due to marked slightly stretched well-impressed microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate, entire apically. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Quadrate, narrowed slightly toward base, margin beaded, not explanate except at hind angle, hind angle feebly dentate; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, and with microsculpture nearly effaced, surface glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, shallower toward margin, apex slightly oblique, straight, sutural apex narrowly and slightly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 24) serrate on postero-ventral margin; posterior trochanter narrowly rounded in both sexes, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male without medial patch of decumbent setae; sternum VII medially and shallowly V-notched in male. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 31) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a very short and narrow distal end, slightly rounded in lateral aspect, less twisted laterally than in Mizotrechus costaricensis, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then briefly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less 20 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left twice longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The six adults were collected at UV light trap in premontane forest understory. Adults are active in May, July, and August, in the rainy and early dry seasons.

Paratypes: Panamá, Chiriqui Province, Fortuna, 1050 m, 8.7341°N, 82.2701°W, 15 May 1978 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP124964, male), 7 July 1978 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP124964, male), 19 July 1978 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP124952, male), 27 July 1977 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP070275, male), 13 August 1978 (H. Wolda)(NMNH: ADP124954, male).

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the premontane forested midlands of Panamá.

COLOMBIA, Cacua, Isla Gorgona Mancora, 60 m, 2.96°N, 78.18°W, 26 June – 18 July 2000 (H Torres)(UASM: ADP128622, female).

The epithet “gorgona” is a Latinized noun in apposition and is the name of the island off Colombia where these beetles are found.

Isla Gorgona trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and moderately large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose above and behind eye in an arc, not extended on occiput, and moderately punctulate. Occiput moderately punctulate. Pronotum longer than wide with lateral margins narrowly explanate and basally with sharp, not denticulate, hind angles; base smooth, without regular microrugose. Elytra moderately narrow and elongate, apex prolonged, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 7 well-impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex; margins behind humeri serrate, intervals between microsetae dentate. Foreleg femur with markedly serrate postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 10, 24). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately large for genus, ABL = 8.4 mm, SBL = 7.15 mm, TW = 2.86 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny; elytra matte. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially barely emarginate. Eye small and barely convex. Gena straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate, slightly wider before hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, very fine, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, all interneurs with well-impressed irregularly-spaced punctures, apex prolonged, slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Legs: Normal in female; foreleg femur (Fig. 24) with markedly serrate postero-ventral margin, not dentate; posterior trochanter tapered to rounded point in female, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely medially on II and III; sternum VII barely medially notched in female. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The type specimen was collected in a Malaise trap in the rainforest understory at the type locality. Adults are active in late June, or early July during the “relatively” dry season.

None.

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known only from the type locality on an island off the Pacific coast of Colombia.

GUYANE, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 27 March 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP126301, male).

. The epithet “grossus” is a Latin adjective that adequately describes this species with large robust adults.

Gross trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and very large sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have dark castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons shallowly rugose at sides and overall punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum cordiform with lateral margins straight to well-developed hind angle which is dentate; base densely microrugose. Elytra broad and short, moderately wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 3 well- impressed interneurs, outer interneurs more shallow toward margin; margins behind humeri uneven, but not evidently serrulate. Foreleg femur dentate on postero-ventral margin near base.

(Figs 11, 32, Plate 12). Size: See Appendix 1. Large for genus, ABL = 8.1–8.9 mm, SBL = 7.07–7.71 mm, TW = 2.72–3.26 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny; elytron shiny but with evident shallow and slightly stretched microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and medially emarginate. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broadly cordiform, narrowed moderately toward base, margin narrowly explanate, more broadly near base, hind angle dentate; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous, microsculpture nearly effaced. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, intervals flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, apex oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 20) markedly dentate on postero-ventral margin at basal third; trochanter acute in both sexes, about half the length of the femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae. Defense gland system (Plate 12) with two very large, medially slightly concave, bean-shaped pygidial gland reservoirs, each with a markedly long and narrow annulated collecting canal connected to the efferent duct near the base of the gland. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 32) elongate and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a losp. n.tulate distal end slightly more bent ventrad than in Mizotrechus poirieri, moderately curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then evenly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded and slightly crested, opening more or less 40 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The type series was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory at four locations in Guyane. Adults are active in March, April, June, August, October, November, and December, during both the rainy and dry seasons.

Guyane, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 26 April 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP127064, female), 15 June 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP127062, ADP127062, females), 24 August 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124892, female), 10 October 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124898, male), 30 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124900, female); Mount Itoupe, 570 m, 3.0148°N, 53.0721°W, 17 March 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP126484, 126486, males); Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 9 August 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124958, male), 13 December 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124962, male); Reserve Tresor, Commune de Roura, Route de KAW km 18, 250 m, 4.6104°N, 52.2790°W, 21 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124972, male), Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 17 November 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP127169, male), Commune de Regina, Reserve Naturelle des Nouragues Inselberg, Petit Plateau, 144 m, 4.0833°N, 52.6833°W, 5 June 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP127157, male), 27 October 2010 (NMNH: ADP127165, male).

Geographic distribution. (Fig. 40). This species is currently known from six localities in the lowlands and midlands of Guyane.

PANAMÁ, Panamá Province, Cerro Jefe, 700–750 m, 9.2311°N, 79.3496°W, 20 May 1972 (RT Allen)(NMNH: ADP011173, female).

The epithet “jefe” is a place name, based on the area where the type specimen was collected.

Jefe trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and moderately small sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons with rugae nearly effaced, punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum narrowly cordiform with lateral margins shallowly emarginated; base rugulose. Elytra narrow and short, slightly wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well-impressed interneurs; margins behind humeri moderately serrulate. Foreleg femur with slightly produced ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Fig. 12). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately small for genus, ABL = 6.6 mm, SBL = 5.84 mm, TW = 2.27 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum and legs shiny; elytra shiny yet with evident isodiametric microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and medio- apically slightly emarginate. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately narrow, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate throughout, hind angle about right, not dentate; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron slightly convex, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs striate, not punctate, apex moderately oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in female. Legs: Normal in female; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 21) with slightly produced, short, slightly arcuate ridge on postero-ventral margin at basal forth, not dentate; trochanter narrowly rounded. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of female with median patch of setae that is more dense than elsewhere. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected along a road in the cloud forest understory. Adults are active in May, during the rainy season.

Other specimens examined. None.

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the midlands of Panamá.

GUYANE, Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 28 November 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP127183, male).

The epithet “marielaforetae” is an eponym, based on the full stage name of Marie Laforêt, the famous French actress and singer, 5 October 1939 – present, whose voice has a range of diversity like that found in the carabid species richness of Guyane, and who sang a variety of “torch songs”, and here I play on the word “torch”, the same word that applies to that being used to ignite the forests of the unique tropical rainforests of South America, an Armageddon in our own times.

Laforêt’s trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons without evident rugae, punctulate. Occiput at sides with evident rugae, punctulate. Pronotum nearly quadrate, quite narrowed behind, with lateral margins straight to hind angle, hind angle dentate, tooth small; base densely punctate. Elytra moderately broad and short, slightly wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with only interneur 1 deeply engraved, 2–5 readily evident yet more shallowly impressed, 6–8 traceable, none punctate; margins behind humeri entire, slightly emarginate. Foreleg femur with slightly produced ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 13, 30). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderately small sized for the genus, ABL = 5.9 mm, SBL = 5.12 mm, TW = 2.18 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny, elytra duller due to shallowly engraved slightly stretched microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico-medially emarginate. Eye large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Narrow, quadrate, narrowed moderately toward base, margins straight before hind angle, angle dentate, tooth small, margin moderately explanate except wider at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, intervals flat, proximal interneurs not punctate, distal interneurs somewhat punctate, apex moderately oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 23) with slightly produced ridge on postero-ventral margin, not dentate; posterior trochanter narrowly rounded at apex, about half the length of the femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 30) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a short narrowly rounded distal end, ventral margin proximal to apex straight, then abruptly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less 40 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in November, at the end of the dry season.

None.

Geographic distribution. (Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Guyane.

GUYANE, Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 10 December 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124966, male).

The epithet “minutus” is a Latin adjective that adequately describes this species with very small adults.

Minute trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and very small sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons with rugae nearly effaced, punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum quadrate with lateral margins shallowly emarginated; base nearly smooth. Elytra broad and short, slightly wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well-impressed punctate interneurs; margins behind humeri not serrulate.

(Figs 14, 19, 34). Size: See Appendix 1. Very small, ABL = 4.4–4.6 mm, SBL = 3.77–3.88 mm, TW = 1.49–1.58 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, elytra, and legs shiny; microsculpture effaced. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico-medially emarginate. Eye moderately large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and genae glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin slightly explanate to hind angle, angle about right, not dentate; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, intervals slightly convex, interneurs striato- punctate, apex moderately oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur unmodified (Fig. 19); trochanter narrowly rounded. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 34) elongate and narrow with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex with a long narrow distal end, straight in lateral aspect and narrowly rounded, ventral margin proximal to apex straight; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less 15 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in December, at the end of the dry season.

Paratypes: Guyane, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 11 December 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124902, male), Saül, Commune de Saül, Belvédère de Saül, 283–325 m, 3.6223°N, 53.2159°W, 10 December 2010 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124920, female).

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from two localities in the lowlands of Guyane.

VENEZUELA, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina (Smithsonian Basecamp), 140 m, 0.0148°N, 66.1604°W, 10–20 February 1985 (PJ Spangler, PM Spangler, RE Faitoute & WE Steiner)(NMNH: ADP124944, female).

The epithet “neblinensis” is a Latinized noun in apposition, based on a geographic name formed from Pico de Neblina, a tipui on the border of Venezuela and Brazil, the area in which adults of this species have been found, and the Latin suffix „-ensis, “ meaning of, or from that place.

Tipui trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons with nearly effaced rugae, punctulate. Occiput punctulate. Pronotum nearly quadrate with lateral margins straight to hind angle, hind angle a very small tooth; base densely rugulose. Elytra broad and short, slightly wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 6 evident shallowly impressed interneurs, 7–8 nearly effaced; margins behind humeri moderately serrulate. Foreleg femur with markedly developed and produced ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 15, 35). Size: See Appendix 1. Medium sized for the genus, ABL = 6.4–6.9 mm, SBL = 5.54–6.12 mm, TW = 2.25–2.46 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, elytra and legs shiny, microsculpture absent. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico- medially emarginate. Eye large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate except wider at hind angle, hind angle a very small tooth; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs striato-punctate, punctures small, shallow, apex oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in both sexes; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 22) ridged along the posterio-ventral margin and markedly produced at middle of ridge; posterior trochanter narrowly rounded at apex, about half the length of the femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of female with denser patch of setae at midline. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 35) short and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a short blunt distal end, slightly curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex evenly arched and barely curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded, opening more or less five degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in February, in the rainy season.

Paratypes: Guyane, Montagne des Chevaux, Commune de Roura, RN2 PK22, 90 m, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 19 September 2009 (NMNH: ADP124970, male), 31 October 2010 (NMNH: ADP128733, male). Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina (Smithsonian Basecamp), 140 m, 0.0148°N, 66.1604°W, 10–20 February 1985 (PJ Spangler, PM Spangler, RE Faitoute & WE Steiner)(NMNH: ADP124948, female).

. (Figs 40, 41). This species is currently known from lowland localities, one each in Guyane and Venezuela.

(labeled by me in Paris, early 1970’s): BRAZIL: Amazonas, Ega (Tefé) approximately 3.35°S, 64.71°W, 46 m (HW Bates)(MNHP: female). ADP127163.

The epithet “novemstriatus” is descriptive Latin, meaning 9-lined and referring to the elytral interneurs, including the scutellar striole.

Nine-lined trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and moderate sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons smooth, scattered rugulae not organized, moderately punctulate. Occiput smooth, moderately punctulate. Pronotum subcordiform with lateral margins narrowly explanate and basally with sharp, not denticulate, hind angles; base with regular rugulae. Elytra broad and short, wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with 8 well-impressed irregularly punctulate interneurs, intervals not convex, apex not prolonged, margins behind humeri rough, intervals between microsetae blunt. Foreleg femur with evident ridge on postero-ventral margin.

(Fig. 16). Size: See Appendix 1. Moderate sized for genus, ABL = 7.2 mm, SBL = 6.05 mm, TW = 2.48 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, elytra, and legs shiny. Head: Labrum quadrate, apico-medially v-notched. Eye small and moderately convex. Gena straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Moderately broad, narrowed slightly toward base, margin narrowly explanate, slightly wider before hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, very fine, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron barely convex, intervals nearly flat, all interneurs with well-impressed irregularly-spaced punctulate, apex not prolonged, slightly rounded at extreme sutural apex. Legs: Normal in female; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 22) ridged along the postero-ventral margin and markedly produced at middle of ridge; posterior trochanter tapered to rounded point in female, length half that of femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous, densely medially on II and III; sternum VII barely medially notched in female. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

Unknown.

None.

(Fig. 41). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Brazil.

GUYANE, Saut Pararé, Arataie River, Nouragues Field Station, 51 m, 4.0378°N, 52.6725°W, 30 November 2009 (S Brule, PH Dalens, & E Poirier)(NMNH: ADP124888, male).

The epithet “poirieri” is an eponym, based on the family name of E. Poirieri, whose team in Guyane has been collecting beetles using Flight Intercept Traps and capturing adults of many new species, such as this one.

Poirier’s trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons with evident rugae, punctulate. Occiput with evident rugae, punctulate. Pronotum nearly quadrate with lateral margins slightly emarginate to hind angle, hind angle about right, not dentate; base sparsely rugulose. Elytra broad and short, much wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with only interneur 1 deeply engraved, 2–8 evident yet shallowly impressed, not punctate; margins behind humeri entire. Foreleg femur with slightly produced swelling on postero-ventral margin.

(Figs 17, 36). Size: See Appendix 1. Medium sized for the genus, ABL = 6.6 mm, SBL = 5.65 mm, TW = 2.42 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny, elytra duller due to shallowly engraved slightly stretched microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico-medially emarginate. Eye large, moderately convex. Gena moderately long, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Narrow, quadrate, narrowed slightly toward base, margins slightly emarginated before hind angle, angle about right, not dentate, margin moderately explanate except wider at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron moderately convex, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs not punctate, apex markedly oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in male; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 20) with a minute setose tooth on postero-ventral margin, subdentate; posterior trochanter narrowly acute at apex, about half the length of the femur. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous; sternum IV of male with narrow and dense patch of decumbent setae. Male genitalia: Median lobe (Fig. 36) elongate and robust with ostium moderately elongate, over half the length of the median lobe; apex a losp. n.tulate distal end that is more bent ventrad than in Mizotrechus dalensi, moderately curved in lateral aspect, ventral margin proximal to apex straight then evenly curved to apex; endophallus with complexly folded tracheal fields; phallobase hooded and crested, opening more or less 20 degrees off axis of shaft. Parameres large, left a third longer than the right, both broadly rounded, asetose. Female genitalia: Unknown.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a flight intercept trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in November, at the end of the dry season.

None.

(Fig. 40). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the lowlands of Guyane.

PANAMÁ, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 99 m, 9.1628°N, 79.8395°W, 5 May 1978 (H Wolda)(NMNH: ADP 124946, female).

The epithet “woldai” is an eponym, based on the family name of H. Wolda, long time scientist with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panamá, whose persistent light trapping produced many new and interesting species, such as one adult of this new species.

Wolda’s trough beetle.

With the attributes of the genus as described above and medium sized for the genus as it is presently understood; adults have castaneous integument, except anterior parts of mandible, baso-lateral corner of labrum, and clypeal suture piceous. Frons with evident rugae, punctulate. Occiput without rugae, punctulate. Pronotum nearly quadrate with lateral margins slightly emarginate to hind angle, hind angle dentate, tooth small; base sparsely rugulose. Elytra broad and short, slightly wider than the width of pronotum across anterior third, and with only interneurs 8 deeply engraved, not punctate; margins behind humeri serrate.

(Fig. 18). Size: See Appendix 1. Medium sized for the genus, ABL = 7.4 mm, SBL = 6.04 mm, TW = 2.29 mm. Color: see diagnosis, above. Luster: Head, pronotum, and legs shiny, elytra duller due to shallowly engraved slightly stretched microsculpture. Head: Labrum quadrate and apico-medially emarginate. Eye large, moderately convex. Gena moderately short, straight. Frons, occiput, and gena glabrous. Prothorax: Very broad, quadrate, narrowed slightly toward base, margins slightly emarginated before hind angle, angle dentate, margin beaded, moderately explanate at hind angle; surface punctulate, punctures widespread, glabrous. Pterothorax: Elytron flat, disk flat, intervals flat, interneurs not punctate, apex moderately oblique and straight, sutural apex narrowly rounded. Metasternum sparsely setiferous in male. Legs: Normal in female; foreleg femur (as in Fig. 21) with slightly produced, short, arcuate ridge on postero-ventral margin at basal forth, not dentate. Abdomen: Abdominal sterna moderately setiferous. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: Not investigated; however, it is likely similar to that illustrated on Plate 11.

These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.

The adult holotype was collected in a ground level UV light trap in the rainforest understory. Adults are active in May during the heavy rainy season in Panamá.

None.

(Fig. 39). This species is currently known from a single lowland locality in Panamá.

Considering the hundreds of specimens of carabids collected by Wolda in a series of suspended light traps from canopy level to ground level, it is curious that no other specimens of this species were collected (see Mizotrechus fortunensis above, where many specimens were collected by Wolda at light traps).