Holotype, ♀ (CAZB), “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m., Chinese Academy of Sciences (C.A.S.)”, “11.v.1958, Shu-yong Wang”, “HOLOTYPE”, “Foenatopus acutistigmatus Chao, Holotype”. Paratypes (2 ♀; CAZB): 1 ♀, id., but “20.v.1958”, “PARATYPE”, “Foenatopus acutistigmatus Chao, Paratype”; 1 ♀, id., but “11.x.1958, Zhi-zi Chen”, “PARATYPE”, “Foenatopus acutistigmatus Chao, Paratype”.

1 ♀ (SCAU): CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nanling, 16.vi.2009, Wang Zi-chen, No. 200800190.

Vertex distinctly carinate, more coarsely near ocelli (Fig. 9); frons largely reddish brown, transversely carinate-rugose (Fig. 11); temple completely yellowish, smooth and shiny (Fig. 10), in dorsal view distinctly angulate (Fig. 9); pronotum with comparatively long parallel-sided anterior part, neck dorsally with complete transverse carinae (Fig. 3), laterally distinctly carinate or striate (Fig. 4); propodeum densely foveolate, foveolae and interspaces in between smooth (Fig. 5); pterostigma long and its apex distinctly acute; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing well developed, 0.7–0.9 times as long as vein cu-a (Fig. 2); hind femur ventrally with 2 large teeth, basally with 3–4 tubercles (Fig. 6); ovipositor sheath about 1.3 times as long as body, subapical whitish band 1.4–1.8 times as long as apical blackish part.

Redescribed after a female from Guangdong (Mt. Nanling), length of body 22.8 mm, of fore wing 11.6 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 28.9 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 38 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 3.9 times as long as wide, and 0.8 times as long as second flagellomere; anterior coronal teeth acute and moderately large, both posterior ones arcuate and smaller; frons coarsely transversely carinate-rugose, posteriorly both ends of carinae curved backwards to coronal area (Fig. 11); vertex with 4 strong and relatively short transverse carinae between posterior ocelli, followed by transversely carinate flattened area, carinae antero-medially coarse and strong, more or less rugose, posteriorly much finer and straight, reaching to part of gena (Fig. 9); temple smooth and shiny, angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 10).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 3, 4) moderately elongate, dorsally with complete transverse carinae, laterally distinctly carinate or striate, anteriorly distinctly deeply emarginate, medio-dorsally slightly concave; middle pronotum at lower level than posterior pronotum, superficially striate and punctate dorsally, laterally somewhat microreticulate; posterior pronotum anteriorly striate, posteriorly smooth and convex laterally; propleuron coriaceous and setose; prosternum densely striate, posteriorly with irregular small foveolae; mesoscutum anterior third striate, posteriorly coarsely foveolate-rugose; axillae largely coarsely rugose, medio-dorsally separated a large, deep fovea; scutellum largely smooth and shiny medially, and with a few foveolae laterally (Fig. 5); mesopleuron robust, dorsal flat part smooth, antero-ventrally rugose and with pubescence, remainder of ventral part largely striate and with some punctures; metapleuron ventrally crenulate, convex part of metapleuron and propodeum (Fig. 5) densely foveolate.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 2): wing membrane hyaline; vein 2-CU1 distinctly developed and 0.9 times as long as vein cu-a; vein cu-a distinctly curved; pterostigma moderately elongate and apically acute, 1.6 times as long as vein r and 12 times longer than its maximum width; vein r ends third length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 subparallel to costal margin, vein SR1 and vein r obtuse-angled.

Legs. Hind coxa slender, shiny, anterior part rugose, remainder annular, finely transversely spaced striate; hind femur (Fig. 6) moderately slender, densely finely striate, apically somewhat coriaceous, ventrally with 2 large acute teeth and some denticles in between, teeth antero-ventrally distinct and triangular; basal narrow part of hind tibia coriaceous, 1.2 times as long as widened part, and with ventral carina, outer side of widened part of hind tibia coriaceous, inner side basally distinctly depressed, apically with densely bristly setose area; hind basitarsus slender, parallel-sided, its ventral length 6.8 times as long as its width.

Metasoma. First tergite very slender, cylindrical, densely finely transversely striate (Fig. 7), 17.6 times as long as its width and 2.1 times as second tergite; remainder slender, smooth and with a few sparse, short setae; pygidial area (Fig. 7) triangular, shallowly impressed laterally, somewhat granulate, and narrowly lamelliform posteriorly; subapical whitish band of ovipositor sheath 1.44 times as long as apical blackish part; length of ovipositor sheath 1.3 times as long as body.

Colour. Black, except parts as follows: frons largely reddish; temple with a wide yellowish streak; tibiae and tarsi of legs brown; wing membrane hyaline; subapical part of ovipositor sheath whitish.

Male. Very similar to female in structure and colour, but differs in size; body length up to 13 mm according to Chao (1964).

Variation. Female: length of body 18–23 mm, of fore wing 10–12 mm, and of ovipositor 23–29 mm; vein 2-CU1 0.7–0.9 times as long as vein cu-a, pterostigma 1.6–1.9 times as long as vein r and 12–16 times longer than its maximum width; first tergite 17.6–19.7 times as long as its maximum width and 2.1–4.2 times as second tergite; subapical whitish band of ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.8 times as long as apical blackish part.

Oriental China (Yunnan, Guangdong).

Lectotype of Foenatopus annulitarsus, ♀ (SDEI): “[CHINA], Formosa, Taihorin, H. Sauter, 1911”, “7. VIII.”, “Foenatopus annulitarsus TypeEnderlein. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Lectotypus Foenatopus annulitarsus Enderlein, des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021932”. Paralectotype, 1 ♀ (SDEI): “Formosa, Hoozan, H. Sauter, 1910”, “7. IX.”, “Foenatopus annulitarsus TypeEnderlein. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus annulitarsus Enderlein des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Eberswalde coll. DEI”, “OSUC 0021933”.

Holotype of Foenatopus aratifrons, ♂ (SDEI): “[China], Formosa, Kankau (Koshun), H. Sauter, v. 1912”, “Foenatopus aratifrons Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “ Holotypus” “aratifrons Enderl. 1913 HT aratifrons”, “Coll. DIE Eberswalde”, “OSUC 0021934”.

Holotype of Foenatopus yunnanensis, ♀, “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 1200 m., C.A.S.”, “19.vii.1958, Yong-shu Wang”, “HOLOTYPE”, “Foenatopus yunnanensis Chao, Holotype”. Paratypes, 2 ♀ (CAZB): 1 ♀, “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m. C.A.S.”, “19.vii.1958, Fu-ji Pu”; 1 ♀, id., but “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 1200 m. C.A.S.”, “30.viii.1958”, “PARATYPE”, “Foenatopus yunnanensis Chao, Paratype”.

2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (SCAU): 1 ♀, CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Diaoluoshan, 16.vii.2006, Li-qiong Weng, No. 200800171; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hainan, 3.ii.1981, Li-zhong Hua, No. 870229; 1 ♂, CHINA: Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 18.v.1982, Jun-hua He, No. 821489; 1 ♀ (RMNH): “N. Vietnam: Hoa Binh Pa Co Hang Kia N. R., 1041 m, N20°44'29" E04°55'44", 11–23. x. 2009, Mal. tr. 23, RMNH 09 C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries”; 4 ♀ (HNHM): “Formosa, Sauter”, “Kosempo, ix.1909, id., i.1910”, “Fuhosho, viii.1909, id., ix.1909”.

Head transverse in dorsal view (Figs 17, 32, 46) and more or less elliptical in lateral view (Figs 18, 33, 47); frons of female irregularly vermiculate-rugose; temple with some striae from vertex; neck short, with several pairs of carinae and medially depressed; pronotum robust and with strongly developed sculptures (Figs 14, 15, 27, 28, 38, 39, 41, 42); propodeum distinctly foveolate and with rugulae in between (Figs 16, 29, 43); pterostigma moderately short and its apex comparatively wide (Figs 12, 26, 37, 40); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing distinctly developed, 0.7–1.1 times as long as vein cu-a (Figs 12, 26, 37, 40); vein r of fore wing obtusely angled with vein SR1 because of short sublongitudinal vein 3-SR; hind femur (Figs 23, 30, 44) with 3 large teeth ventrally and the teeth sometime with whitish part; hind basitarsus of female largely ivory or whitish (Figs 23); length of ovipositor sheath 0.7–0.9 times as long as body length; ovipositor sheath with small brownish subapical band (Figs 25, 31) or completely black (Fig. 35).

Redescribed after a female from Hainan (Mt. Diaoluoshan), length of body 13.1 mm, of fore wing 7.0 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 9.1 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 30 flagellomeres; first flagellomere very short, twice its maximum width, almost equal to pedicel and half as long as second flagellomere; frons (Fig. 34) strongly reticulate-rugose, rugae extending to coronal area; three anterior coronal teeth acute, both posterior ones arcuate; vertex (Fig. 32) with four strong, curved spaced carinae followed by coarsely transversely rugose and slightly convex area; temple (Fig. 33) with weak rugae from vertex along orbit, ventrally smooth, temple roundly narrowed behind eyes; head transverse in dorsal view.

Mesosoma.Neck (Figs 27, 28) rather robust, anteriorly deeply emarginate, dorso-medially impressed, laterally with four pairs of oblique carinae, carinae interrupted dorsally, neck postero-dorsally at lower level than middle pronotum; middle pronotum coarsely transversely striate, postero-medially with a shallow foveola; posterior pronotum largely rugose, posteriorly somewhat striate, laterally convex part weakly reticulate-rugose; mesoscutum largely strongly carinate-rugose, anterior 0.2 transversely striate; notauli and middle groove distinct on anterior 0.2; axillae strongly foveolate and with striate interspaces; scutellum (Fig. 29) laterally and marginally foveolate and with striate interspaces, medially largely smooth and somewhat longitudinal striate; mesopleuron largely striate, anteriorly covered with short whitish setosity, ventrally sparsely shallowly foveolate; convex part of metapleuron strongly reticulate-foveolate, foveolae large and deeper than those on mesopleuron; propodeum (Fig. 29) mostly with median-sized, circular foveolae and with striate interspaces, inside of foveolae polished, some foveolae posteriorly coalescent and resulting two large foveae.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 26): wing hyaline; vein 2-CU1 0.9 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma obtuse apically and comparatively wide and short, 1.4 times as long as vein r and 8.3 times as its maximum width; vein r ends 0.24 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 about 1.3 times as long as vein r; vein SR1 and vein r obtuse-angled, vein SR1 elongate towards vein margin and ending near before reaching vein margin.

Legs. Anterior 0.6 of hind coxa coarsely rugose and somewhat reticulate, posterior part transversely annularly striate; hind femur (Fig. 30) densely transversely strigate, with 3 large ventral teeth, basal tooth obtuse-triangular; hind tibia 1.2 times as long as hind femur, largely irregularly obliquely strigate, apically densely bristly setose; basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.5 times as widened part, inner side of widened part basally steeply depressed; basitarsus parallel-sided, its ventral length 4.7 times as long as its width, ventrally densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite largely transversely striate, basal 0.2 rugose and apical 0.05 smooth, first tergite 10.2 times as long as its maximum width, 2.8 times as long as second tergite and 0.8 times as long as rest of metasoma; second tergite basal 0.2 rugose, medially largely microreticulate and apical 0.2 aciculate; rest of tergites transversely aciculate, somewhat smooth; pygidial area setose, laterally shallowly impressed, medially distinctly convex and granulate, pygidial impression widely reversed V-shaped; length of ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body length, length of subapical brownish band 0.4 times length of dark apex (Fig. 31).

Colour. Largely black, except parts as follows: head dark brown with some reddish tint; frons ivory from mandibles to narrowly above antennae; scape, pedicel, posterior coronal teeth and carinae between posterior ocelli on vertex, two spots behind posterior ocelli reddish brown; basal rugose part dorsally red brown but laterally with two yellow spots; malar space, basal part of mid tibia, basal half of mid basitarsus, ventral large teeth of hind femur and hind basitarsus whitish; subapex of ovipositor sheath pale brown.

Male. Body length 16 mm; almost the same as female, but different in body colour (Chao, 1964). A specimen from Guangxi (No. 821489) with body length 11.5 mm, frons completely yellowish (Fig. 36), carinae on the neck complete and transverse (Figs 38, 39), and vein 2-CU1 of fore wing 0.3 times as long as vein cu-a (Fig. 37).

Variation. Female: length of body 6.5–15 mm, of fore wing 3.6–7.7 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 7.2–14 mm; vein 2-CU1 0.9–1.1 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma 1.4–1.8 times as long as vein r and 8.3–9.5 times as long as its maximum width; first tergite 9.0–12.8 times as long as its maximum width, 2.1–2.8 times as second tergite and 0.7–0.9 times as rest of tergites; length of ovipositor sheath 0.7–0.9 times as long as body length; length of subapical brownish or yellowish band of ovipositor sheath 0.4–0.8 times length of dark apex. One specimen from Hainan (No. 870229) has ovipositor sheath totally dark brown and without pale brownish part; carinae on the neck complete and not interrupted dorsally; mixed coloured, coronal area, pronotum, propodeum, first tergite largely red brown. Male: body length 11.5–16 mm; frons completely yellowish (Figs 36, 48); Neck with transverse and complete carinate (Fig. 39) or obliquely carinate (Fig. 41); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing 0.3–0.9 times as long as vein cu-a.

China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hainan); Vietnam.

The type series of Foenatopus yunnanensis has been examined and proved to be in the variation of Foenatopus annulitarsus. Vietnam is a new record for this species.

Holotype (SCAU), ♀, CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Yinggeling, 2008.v.1–2, Jing-xian Liu, No. 200800051. Paratypes, 2 ♂ (SCAU), CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Yinggeling, 16.xi.2008, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800189; CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Guanyinshan, 15–16.ix.2007, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800179; 1 ♂ (RMNH), id., but No. 200800180.

Vertex finely transversely striate (Fig. 55); frons of female with 3 triangular ivory streaks and not reaching level of anterior coronal tooth (Fig. 57); temple smooth and shiny, with a short ivory streak along eye (Fig. 56); neck in lateral view without transverse carinae and flat medially or slightly impressed (Figs 50, 51); pronotum mostly coriaceous; propodeum finely foveolate; pterostigma long and narrow, subparallel-sided, apically acute (Fig. 49); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing absent (Fig. 49); both large teeth on hind femur largely dark brown or blackish (Fig. 53); ovipositor sheath completely black (Fig. 54).

Holotype, female, length of body 12.5 mm, of fore wing 6.7 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 11.8 mm.

Head. Antenna with flagellomeres partly missing; frons with spaced striae and microreticulate (Fig. 57); three anterior coronal teeth large and acute, two posterior ones short and wider; coronal area with some longitudinal carinae; vertex flat and finely transversely striate (Fig. 55); temple smooth and shiny, narrowly rounded behind eye (Fig. 56).

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs 50, 51) slender and mostly coriaceous; neck anteriorly deeply emarginated and flat medial-dorsally; posterior pronotum narrowly smooth; anterior half of mesoscutum transversely striate, posterior half with shallow foveolae; scutellum (Fig. 52) smooth and aciculate, laterally with some small punctures; mesopleuron robust, microreticulate and sparsely punctured, anterior third densely setose; metapleuron and propodeum (Fig. 52) finely foveolate and rugulose in between.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 7): wing hyaline, vein 2-CU1 absent; pterostigma elongate and subparallel-sided, acute apically, 15 times as long as its maximum width and 2.7 times as vein r; vein r and vein SR1 obtuse-angled, vein r ends 0.2 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 subparallel to costal margin.

Legs. Hind coxa transversely striate, subapex dilated; hind femur (Fig. 53) rugulose or microreticulate, with 2 large ventral teeth and with a comparatively smaller obtuse basal tooth; hind tibia coriaceous, 1.1 times as long as hind femur; basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.1 times as long as widened part, inner side of widened part basally distinctly depressed, followed by convex and setose area, apically densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite transversely striate, 15.3 times as long as its maximum width, 2.5 times as second tergite and 0.9 times as remainder of tergites; second tergite basal 0.2 rugose, remaining tergites largely smooth or weakly aciculate; pygidial area distinctly differentiated, pygidial impression reverse V-shaped; ovipositor sheath completely black (Fig. 54) and 0.9 times as long as body length.

Colour.Largely black; frons with 3 short ivory streaks not reaching level of anterior coronal tooth (Fig. 57); hind legs largely dark brown.

Male. Similar to female, but differ in: comparatively smaller in size, body length 7–9.5 mm; ivory or yellowish streaks longer and reach level of anterior coronal tooth.

Oriental China (Guangdong, Hainan).

The species was named brevimaculatus because of the short ivory streaks on the frons.

Holotype of Foenatopus chinensis (BMNH): “Type”, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.a.45”, “B.M. Type Diastephanus chinensis Elliott 1919)”, “Diastephanus chinensis E.A. Elliott, Type, 5.3.19 [= 5.iii.1919]”, “[?CHINA: Yunnan], Haute Mekong, Tong King, 13.iv.1918, R.V. de Salvaza”, “Indo China, R.V. de Salvaza, 1919–25”.

Holotype of Foenatopus cerviculatus, ♀ (CAZB), “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650 m. C.A.S.”, “8.x.1957, Ling-chao Zang”, “HOLOTYPE”, “Diastephanus cerviculatus Chao, Holotype”. Paratypes (2 ♀; CAZB): 1 ♀, “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m. C.A.S.”, “13.v.1958, Fu-ji Pu”, “PARATYPE”, “Diastephanus cerviculatus Chao, paratype”; 1 ♀, “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m. C.A.S.”, “28.viii.1958, Yi-ran Zhang”, “PARATYPE”, “Diastephanus cerviculatus Chao, paratype”.

Holotype of Foenatopus chaoi, ♂ (CAZB): “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghun, 1750 m. C.A.S.”, “1.vi.1958, Zheng Le-yi”, “HOLOTYPE”, “Diastephanus flavifrons Chao, Holotype”. Paratypes (2 ♀ (?), CAZB): 1 ♀ , id., but Damenglong, 650 m, 18.vi.1958; 1 ♀, id., but Mengzhe, 670m, 6.ix.1958, Wang Yong-shu, “PARATYPE”, “Diastephanus flavifrons Chao, Paratype”.

3 ♀ + 6 ♂ (SCAU): 1 ♀ + 1 ♂, CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou, Shaojiwo, 3.v.2009, Ming-yi Tian, No. 200800185; No. 200800186; 2 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, 1.vi.2009, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800187; No. 200800188; 1♂, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nankun, x.2009, Chun-dan Hong, No. 200800191; 5 ♂, CHINA: Guangdong, Zhaoqing, Xiwanggu, 14–15.iv.2007, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800173; No. 200800174; No. 200800175; No. 200800176; CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, x.2009, Chun-dan Hong, No. 200800191; 3 ♀ (ZJUC): CHINA: Guangxi, Nanning, 1982.v.11, Jun-hua He, No. 821224; id., but No. 8212248; CHINA: Guangxi, Nanning, 1982.v.11, Jun-hua He, No. 821228.

Vertex finely transversely striate (Figs 64, 74, 84); frons of female with elongate pale yellowish or ivory patches laterally (Figs 66, 76), of male completely ivory (Fig. 86); temple smooth and shiny, with yellowish streak along eye (Figs 65, 75, 85); pronotum long and slender, neck medially distinctly impressed and with several carinae (Figs 59, 68, 78); propodeum distinctly foveolate (Figs 70, 80); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing nearly absent (Figs 58, 67, 77); pterostigma of female distinctly long and apically acute, its length 20–21 times as long as maximum width (Figs 58, 67); hind femur with two large ventral teeth, both large teeth on hind femur mostly dark brown or blackish (Figs 61, 71, 82); pygidial impression of female deep and reverse V-shaped (Fig. 72); ovipositor sheath 0.7–1.0 times as long as body length; ovipositor sheath with subapical whitish band (Figs 62, 73).

Redescribed after a female from Guangdong (Guangzhou), length of body 15.7 mm, of fore wing 8.4 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 10.8 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 30 flagellomeres; length of first flagellomere 4.2 times its maximum width and 0.7 times as second flagellomere; frons finely transversely striate (Fig. 76); coronal area with oval-elongate, regular carinae encircling central ocellus and coronal teeth; three anterior coronal teeth large and acute, both posterior ones small and ear-like; vertex with three short transverse carinae between posterior ocelli, followed by finely transversely striate flattened area, striae widely posteriorly reaching to occipital carina (Fig. 74); temple with striae from vertex, but smooth ventrally (Fig. 75); temple narrowed behind eye, genal angle indistinct in dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 68, 69) distinctly elongate, anteriorly deeply emarginate, neck at same level with middle pronotum, pronotal fold absent; neck and middle pronotum transversely spaced carinate dorsally, somewhat smooth posteriorly; posterior pronotum distinctly differentiated and steeply elevated dorsally, largely strigate and punctured, with sparse, short setosity, narrowly smooth posteriorly; prosternum transversely strigate and with some setae; mesoscutum anterior half transversely strigate, posterior half with several medium-sized foveolae and rugose; notauli distinct and straight, median groove absent; axillae rugose, with several foveolae medially, and separated basally by a large deep fovea; scutellum largely smooth, sparsely with several punctures, each bearing a short seta (Fig. 70); mesopleuron largely strigate and with small punctures, anteriorly densely whitish setose; convex part of metapleuron reticulate-foveolate, ventrally with spaced carinae and with both anterior and ventral depressions large and deep; propodeum strongly and densely reticulate-foveolate, the foveolae rather large and irregularly shaped, smooth inside, posteriorly with four smooth and large foveolae (Fig. 70).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 67): wing hyaline, vein 2-Cu1 weakly developed, 0.2 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma elongate and acute apically, 2.9 times as long as vein r and 21.2 times long as its maximum width; vein r and vein SR1 obtuse-angled, vein r ends 0.3 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 subparallel to costal margin, and disappearing 0.5 times its length before reaching wing margin.

Legs. Hind coxa finely transversely spaced striate, basally somewhat rugose, outer side of subapex dilated (Fig. 81); hind femur swollen, finely densely strigate and sparsely with very short, soft setae, ventrally with two large acute teeth and with two obtuse basal tubercles (Fig. 71); hind tibia 1.2 times as long as hind femur; basal narrow part of hind tibia obliquely strigate and 1.5 times as long as widened part, outer side of widened part coriaceous and microreticulate, inner side of widened part basally distinctly depressed, followed by convex and setose area, apically densely setose; basitarsus parallel-sided, rather slender, its ventral length 7.2 times as long as its width, ventrally densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite cylindrical, finely transversely strigate, basally somewhat rugose (Fig. 72), first tergite 11.1 times as long as its maximum width, 2.5 times as second tergite and 0.9 times as remainder of tergites; second tergite basal 0.2 rugose, rest of tergites aciculate; pygidial area narrowly impressed and setose, pygidial impression somewhat reverse V-shaped (Fig. 72); length of ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body length, length of subapical whitish band 1.9 times length of dark apex (Fig. 73).

Colour.Largely black; frons with three longitudinal ivory streaks, one centrally and the other two along the inner orbits; temple with an ivory streak along eye; antenna brown; fore and middle legs with brown parts; subapical ovipositor sheath whitish.

Male.Very similar to female, but differs as follows: smaller; frons entirely vivid bright yellow, distinctly contrasting with colour of vertex (Fig. 86); a third basal tooth present and quite acute (Fig. 82).

Variation. Female: length of body 9–17 mm, of fore wing 5.5–12 mm, and of ovipositor 6.8–18 mm; frons with 2–3 yellowish streaks along eyes (Figs 62, 76); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing nearly absent (Figs 58, 67, 77); pterostigma 2.8–2.9 times longer than vein r and 13–21 times longer than wide (Figs 58, 67, 77); length of ovipositor sheath 0.7–1.0 times as long as body length; length of subapical whitish band1.0–2.5times as long as apical blackish part (Figs 62, 73). Male: length of body 7–13 mm, and of fore wing 5.7–6.9 mm.

Oriental China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong); Vietnam.

The holotype of Foenatopus chinensis has two yellowish streaks along the eyes on the frons (Fig. 66), as in two paratypes of Foenatopus cerviculatus (Chao 1964). The type series of Foenatopus chaoi is very similar to Foenatopus cerviculatus but differs by having the frons entirely yellow below the anterior coronal tooth. This is considered to be a characteristic of the males. Considering the colour of the frons they are males and not females as suggested by Chao (1964).

Lectotype of Foenatopus cinctus, ♀, JAPAN (HUMC): the Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University Sapporo, “Lectotype, ♀, viii.1905, Okinawa, 27, Stephanus cinctus n. sp.”.

Lectotype of Foenatopus formosanus, ♀ (SDEI): “[CHINA:], Formosa, Kankau (Koshun), H. Sauter, 1912”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “22. IV. ”, “Lectotypus Foenatopus formosanus Enderlein, des. Belokobylskij, “92”, “LT1, 12PLT formosanus”, “OSUC 0021632”. Paralectotype, 8 ♀+7 ♂+1 damaged specimen (SDEI): “Kosempo Formosa H. Sauter”, “Syntypus, “Paralectotypus”, “OSUC 0021825”; “Kankau (Koshun) Formosa H. Sauter, 1912”, 7. IV.”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”; “Hoozan Formosa H. Sauter, 1910”, 7. IX.”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021633”; id., “OSUC 0021826”; “Kosempo Formosa H. Sauter”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021830”; id., but “VI. 1912”, “OSUC 0021634”; “OSUC 0021827”; “Tainan Formosa H. Sauter 1911”, “22. VII., “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”; “Taihorin Formosa H. Sauter, 1911”, “7. XI. ”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Lectotypus Foenatopus formosanus Enderlein des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”; id., but “v.[19]10”, “OSUC 0021829”; “Kankau (Koshun) Formosa H. Sauter VI. 1912”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021828”; id., but “♂ ”, “OSUC 0021634”; “Tainan Formosa H. Sauter 1911”, “22. VII. ”, “Foenatopus formosanus Enderlein Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”; “Anping Formosa H. Sauter, 1911”, “22. VII.”, “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021833”; “Fuhosho Formosa H. Sauter iv.[19]10”; “Foenatopus formosanus Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Foenatopus formosanus End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “OSUC 0021831”.

1 ♀ (ZJUH): CHINA: Guangxi Longzhou Nonggang, 1982.v.20, He Jun-hua, No. 821599; 107 ♀ + 42 ♂ (HNHM): All with “Formosa, Sauter”; 69 ♀ + 31 ♂, “Kosempo, ix.1909 or x.1909”, 1 ♀, id., but “vii.1909”; 1 ♀, id., but “15–23.vi.1908”; 4 ♀ + 1 ♂, id., but “i.1910”; 1♀, id., “1–5.v.1908”; 3 ♀, “Fuhosho, iii.1909”; 1 ♀, “Mt. Hoozan, xii.1909”; 2 ♀, “Alikang, vi.1909”; 5 ♀, id., but “viii.1909”, 5 ♀, id., but “ix.1909”; 3 ♀, id., but “x.1909”; 1 ♀, “Taihorinsho, xi.1909”, 6 ♀ + 6 ♂, id., but “ix.1909”, 1 ♀, id., but “viii.1909”, 1 ♀ + 4 ♂, id., but “x.1909”, 2 ♀ + 1 ♂, id., but “xi.1909”; 1 ♀, id., but “iv.1910”.

Vertex transversely carinate or striate, centrally and area near eyes more or less coarsely rugose (Figs 87, 92, 102, 112); frons with 3 yellowish streaks (Figs 104, 114); temple completely yellowish, smooth and shiny (Figs 88, 103, 113); pronotum moderately robust, transversely carinate or striate in both dorsal and lateral view (Figs 93, 98, 99, 107, 108); propodeum distinctly foveolate, foveolae and interspaces in between coriaceous (Figs 94, 109); pterostigma long and apically acute (Figs 89, 97, 106); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing distinctly developed, 0.5–1.2 times as long as vein cu-a (Figs 89, 97, 106); hind femur with 2 large ventral teeth (Figs 91, 100, 110); ovipositor sheath 1.2–1.4 times as long as body; yellow subapical band of ovipositor sheath about 1.2–1.8 times as long as apical dark part (Figs 90, 101, 111).

Redescribed after a female from Guangxi, length of body 13.8 mm, of fore wing 9.5 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 20 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 34 flagellomeres; frons (Fig. 114) and vertex (Fig. 112) transversely striate; coronal teeth distinctly acute and followed by three distinct carinae between posterior ocelli; temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 113).

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs 107, 108) moderately robust and largely coriaceous, neck with 7–8 distinct spaced carinae; mesoscutum (Fig. 109) irregularly foveolate-rugose; scutellum smooth and shiny, laterally sparsely with some punctures (Fig. 109); mesopleuron largely coriaceous and with some small punctures; propodeum (Fig. 109) and convex part of metapleuron densely foveolate and coriaceous.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 106): wing hyaline, vein 2-Cu1 well developed, 0.4 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma elongate and acute apically and 12 times as long as its maximum width; vein r and vein SR1 obtuse-angled, vein r ends third of length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 subparallel to costal margin.

Legs. Hind coxa transversely striate, basal third rugose; hind femur microreticulate, ventrally with two large acute teeth and with two smaller tubercles basally (Fig. 110); hind tibia coriaceous, 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.1 times as long as widened part, inner side of widened part basally distinctly depressed, followed by convex and setose area, apically densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite finely transversely striate, 15 times as long as its maximum width, 2.1 times as second tergite and 0.8 times as remainder of tergites; second tergite basal 0.2 weakly rugose, remainder largely smooth and aciculate; pygidial impression somewhat reverse V-shaped; ovipositor sheath 1.4 times as long as body length, with subapical ivory band 1.5 times length of dark apex (Fig. 111).

Colour.Largely dark brown or blackish; frons brownish and with three yellowish streaks; vertex dark brown and reddish brown; temple completely yellowish; ovipositor sheath with subapical ivory band.

Male.Similar to female, but smaller.

Variation. Female: length of body 9.7–24 mm, of fore wing 6.5–12.6 mm, and of ovipositor 16–29 mm; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing 0.5–1.2 times as long as vein cu-a; length of ovipositor sheath 1.2–1.4 times as long as body length; length of subapical whitish band1.2–1.8times as long as apical blackish part. Male: length of body 8.7–21 mm, and of fore wing 4.8–10 mm.

China (Guangxi, Taiwan); Japan.

Lectotype of Foenatopus flavidentatus, ♀ (SDEI): “[CHINA], Formosa, Kankau (Koshun), H. Sauter, vi. 1912”, “Diastephanus flavidentatus TypeEnderlein. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Lectotypus Diastephanus flavidentatus des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”, “OSUC 0021645”. Paralectotype, 1 ♀ (SDEI): “Formosa, Taihorin, H. Sauter, 1911”, “7. VII.”, “Diastephanus flavidentatus TypeEnderlein. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Diastephanus flavidentatus Enderlein des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”, “OSUC 0021646”.

Holotype of Foenatopus simillimus (BMNH):“Type”, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.a.19”, “B.M. Type Diastephanus simillimus (Elliott 1920)”, “Diastephanus similis [sic!] E.A. Elliott, 17.xii.1919”, “[Vietnam], Tonkin: Hoabinh, Aug. 1918, R.V. de Salvaza”, “Indo China, R.V. de Salvaza, 1919–25”.

Lectotype of Foenatopus trilineatus here designated, ♀ (BMNH):“Type”, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.a.3”, “Diastephanus trilineatus E.A. Elliott, 17.xii.1919”, “[Vietnam], Tonkin: Hoabinh, Aug.1918, R.V. de Salvaza”, “Indo China, R.V. de Salvaza, 1919–25”.

8 ♀ + 2 ♂ (HNHM): 1 ♀, “Taihorinsho, x.1909”; 1 ♀, id., but “xi.1909”, 3 ♀, id., but “ix.1909”; 1 ♂, id., but “viii.1909”; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂, “Kosempo, x.1909”; 1 ♀, id., but “ii.1908”; 1 ♀, “Teraso, v.1909” ; 1 ♀ (RMNH): 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, 20.viii.2005, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800169; 4 ♀ (SCAU): 1 ♀, CHINA: Hong Kong, Kowloon, 10.x.2006, No. 200800172; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou, Tianlu Lake, 24.vi.2003, Jing-xian Liu, No. 200800164; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, 20.viii.2005, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800168; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Liuxihe, 12.vi.2008, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800181.

Vertex transversely striate (Figs 131, 146, 154); middle pale stripe of frons comparatively wide dorsally (Figs 124, 133, 148, 156; both sexes, but sometimes less in male) and base of anterior tooth of corona yellowish brown; pronotum often yellowish brown or dark brown posteriorly and usually contrasting with black mesoscutum (Figs 127, 151); pterostigma long and narrow, more or less subparallel-sided, apically acute (Figs 125, 140, 149); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing absent or weakly developed; vein r of fore wing somewhat less oblique (Figs 125, 140, 149); hind femur with 2 large teeth ventrally, teeth completely to partly pale yellowish or ivory (Figs 129, 143, 152); pygidial impression of female deep and reverse V-shaped; ovipositor sheath with ivory or pale yellowish subapical band (Figs 130, 144, 153).

Redescribed after the lectotype from Taiwan, female, length of body 15.6 mm, of fore wing 7.3 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 14.2 mm.

Head. Antenna with flagellomeres partly missing; frons finely transversely striate (Fig. 133); coronal teeth distinctly carinate and acute apically; vertex (Fig. 131) with three short transverse carinae between posterior ocelli, followed by finely transversely striate area; temple with striae from vertex, but ventrally smooth; temple smooth and shiny, narrowly rounded behind eye (Fig. 132).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 126, 127) comparatively robust and with several weak spaced carinae; pronotum largely coriaceous and somewhat microreticulate, posteriorly narrowly smooth; mesoscutum coriaceous and posteriorly largely irregularly foveolate-rugose; scutellum smooth and shiny, weakly rugulose, laterally sparsely with medium-sized foveolae (Fig. 128); mesopleuron largely coriaceous and with some small punctures, anterior fourth densely whitish setose; convex part of metapleuron densely foveolate, ventrally with spaced carinae; propodeum shallowly reticulate-foveolate and with coriaceous interspaces (Fig. 128).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 125): hyaline, vein 2-Cu1 indistinctly developed, 0.1 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma elongate and acute apically, twice as long as vein r and 14.8 times long as its maximum width; vein r and vein SR1 obtuse-angled, vein r ends 0.2 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 subparallel to costal margin.

Legs. Hind coxa finely transversely spaced striate, basally rugose; hind femur swollen and finely microreticulate, ventrally with two large acute teeth and with one acute smaller denticle basally (Fig. 129); hind tibia coriaceous, 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.4 times as long as widened part, inner side of widened part basally distinctly depressed, followed by convex and setose area, apically densely setose; basitarsus parallel-sided and ventrally densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite finely densely aciculate, first tergite 10.8 times as long as its maximum width, 2.3 times as second tergite and 0.8 times as remainder of tergites; second tergite basally weakly rugose, remainder largely smooth and shiny; pygidial area medially slightly convex and smooth; pygidial impression deep and reverse V-shaped; length of ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as body length, length of subapical yellowish band 2.6 times length of dark apex (Fig. 130).

Colour.Largely brownish or blackish; frons with three longitudinal yellowish streaks; vertex and pronotum reddish brown; scutellum and propodeum blackish; hind femur chestnut brown and with two large ventral teeth yellowish; ovipositor sheath with subapical yellowish band.

Variation. Female: length of body 11.0–15.8 mm, and of fore wing 6.0–8.2 mm.

Oriental China (Taiwan); Vietnam.

Holotype, ♀ (SCAU): CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Bawangling, 7.vii.2006, Jing-xian Liu, No. 200800170.

Head transverse in dorsal view and elliptical in lateral view (Figs 165, 166); vertex coarsely irregularly rugose (Fig. 165); frons largely yellowish, rugulose or weakly striate (Fig. 167); pronotum flat, largely rugulose, dark brown and with some orange brown parts (Figs 159, 160); scutellum medially distinctly convex and red brown; propodeum largely matt and superficially granulate, without foveolae, only posterior third foveolate-rugose (Fig. 161); pterostigma short, comparatively wide and apically obtuse (Fig. 158); both large teeth on hind femur whitish (Fig. 162); third metasomal tergite with two large ivory patches (Fig. 163); ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body and with brownish subapical band 0.6 times as long as blackish apical part (Fig. 164).

Holotype, female, length of body 6.0 mm, of fore wing 3.5 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 4.0 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 23 flagellomeres; length of first flagellomere much shorter than scape and pedicel combined, 3.8 times its maximum width, and 0.8 times as second flagellomere; frons finely, transversely sculptured (Fig. 167); coronal area rugose and with acute coronal teeth; vertex with 3 transverse, curved carinae, anterior one strong and arcuate, two posterior one coarse, followed by coarsely irregularly striate-rugose, slightly convex area (Fig. 165); temple largely smooth and shiny, narrowed ventrally and behind eye (Fig. 166), head transverse in dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 159, 160) elongate and moderately robust, anteriorly distinctly emarginate; neck and middle pronotum at same level dorsally, both coriaceous and sculptured, somewhat microreticulate; pronotal fold absent; posterior pronotum weakly striate, laterally slightly convex; pronotum laterally striate (Fig. 160); propleuron narrow and setose; prosternum largely smooth, anteriorly transversely striate; mesoscutum medially with a distinct transverse sinuate carina, area in front of it microreticulate, area behind foveolate-rugose; scutellum and axillae longitudinally striate; scutellum centrally distinctly convex, apical margin with some punctures (Fig. 161); mesopleuron anteriorly setose, dorsally smooth and ventrally largely striate; propodeum (Fig. 161) anterior 0.6 striate and largely microreticulate, laterally with several shallow foveolae laterally, propodeum posteriorly foveolate-rugose, some foveolae coalescent, inside surface coarsely coriaceous; metapleuron slightly convex and similarly sculptured as propodeum.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 158): hyaline; vein 2-CU1 0.1 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma wide and short, obtuse and rounded apically, 2.6 times as long as vein r and 5.2 times as its maximum width; vein r ends 0.3 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 2.6 times as long as vein r; vein SR1 and vein r obtusely angled, vein SR1 elongate towards vein margin and ending near before reaching vein margin.

Legs. Hind coxa transversely striate, striations more regular posteriorly, outer side medially slightly depressed and flattened; hind femur (Fig. 162) finely transversely striate, dorsally sparsely punctuate, with two large acute ventral teeth and some denticles in between, each denticle bearing one short seta; hind tibia coriaceous and microreticulate, 1.3 times as long as hind femur, coarsely micro-areolate, basal narrowed part 1.1 times as long as widened part, inner side of widened part basally steeply depressed and followed by convex area, hind tibia apically densely setose; hind basitarsus robust, its ventral length 3.6 times its maximum width, ventrally densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite transversely coarsely striate, basally more rugose, subapex much wider than basal part; first tergite 7.6 times as long as its maximum width, 2.3 times second tergite and 0.8 times as long as remainder of metasoma; second tergite subconical, basal part rugose, remainder together with rest of tergites largely smooth; pygidial area setose, laterally shallowly impressed, medially distinctly convex and lamelliform apically, pygidial impression widely reversed V-shaped (Fig. 163); length of ovipositor sheath 0.7 times as long as body length, length of subapical brownish band nearly 0.6 times length of blackish apex (Fig. 164).

Colour. Body mainly black or dark brown; malar space ivory; frons largely vivid yellow; vertex, pronotum, third tergite with yellow spots or patches; coronal teeth, basal 0.7 of scutellum, posterior 0.3 of propodeum and metapleuron, large part of first tergite and hind femur (except ventral teeth) red brown or reddish; middle and hind basitarsi and large teeth of hind femur whitish; ovipositor sheath largely brownish and with ivory subapex.

Male. Unknown.

China (Hainan).

From “macula” (Latin for patch) and “ferus” (Latin for carrying) because of the two pale patches of the third metasomal tergite.

This species is similar to Foenatopus menglongensis, but Foenatopus maculiferus has the two pale patches of the third metasomal tergite (absent in Foenatopus menglongensis), the scutellum convex medially (flat in Foenatopus menglongensis), the propodeum rather matt (shiny in Foenatopus menglongensis) and the hind femur comparatively slender (comparatively swollen in Foenatopus menglongensis).

Holotype, ♀ (CAZB): “CHINA: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglong, 650 m. C.A.S.”, “13.vi.1958, Shu-yong Wang”, “HOLOTYPE”, “Diastephanus menglongensis Chao, Holotype”.

Head transverse in dorsal view and elliptical in lateral view (Fig. 172); vertex transversely rugose, posteriorly more coarsely (cf. Fig. 165 of Foenatopus maculiferus); frons densely and coarsely rugose; posterior half of pronotum dorsally finely superficially reticulate (cf. Fig. 161 of Foenatopus maculiferus); propodeum sparsely and superficially foveolate (Fig. 173); pterostigma short and apically obtuse (Fig. 168); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing nearly absent; hind femur swollen (Fig. 171) and with two large teeth ventrally and central large teeth whitish; third tergite entirely dark brown or blackish; ovipositor sheath largely dark brown and apically blackish (Chao, 1964) (ovipositor sheath lost in holotype in Beijing).

Holotype, female, length of body 7.4 mm, of fore wing 4.6 mm, and of ovipositor 6.8 mm.

Head. Frons finely transversely striate (cf. Fig. 167 of Foenatopus maculiferus); three anterior coronal teeth acute, both posterior ones wide and arcuate; vertex with 3 carinae between posterior ocelli, followed by coarsely transversely striate-rugose area (cf. Fig. 165 of Foenatopus maculiferus); head transverse in dorsal view; temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 172).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 169, 170) elongate and moderately robust, transversely striate, not differentiated from middle part; pronotum rather robust, transversely strigate; posterior part of distinctly convex laterally; propodeum sparsely and shallowly foveolate, posterior part somewhat rugose (Fig. 173).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 168): wing membrane hyaline; vein 2-CU1 nearly absent; pterostigma comparatively short and rounded apically, about 1.9 times as long as vein r and about 7 times its maximum width; vein r ends about 0.2 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 nearly parallel to costal margin, vein SR1 and vein r obtusely angled.

Legs. Hind coxa rather slender, annularly transversely striate; hind femur (Fig. 171) finely transversely striate, ventrally with 2 large whitish teeth, basal obtuse tubercle present (and dark brown, same colour as hind femur); hind tibia coriaceous and apically densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite 8.5 times as long as its maximum width, 2.2 times as second tergite and 0.9 times as long as remainder of tergites.

Colour. Largely dark brown or blackish. Head reddish brown, pronotum with brown tint, ventral large teeth of hind femur whitish; ovipositor brown (sheath missing).

China (Yunnan).

Holotype, ♀ (BMNH): “Type”, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.a.4”, “Diastephanus quadridens E.A. Elliott, 17.xii.1919”, “[Laos], Lunag Prabang, 5.x. 1917, R.V. de Salvaza”, “Indo China, R.V. de Salvaza, 1919–25”.

Head more or less globose in dorsal view; vertex transversely striate (Fig. 180); frons of female comparatively coarsely sculptured, without distinct pale lateral streaks (Fig. 182); pronotum robust in dorsal view and its posterior half distinctly striate or carinate (Figs 175, 176); pterostigma long and narrow, more or less subparallel-sided, apically acute (Fig. 174); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing comparatively short and about 0.3 times as long as vein cu-a (Fig. 174); hind femur with 4 medium-sized to large teeth (Fig. 177); ovipositor sheath completely black (Fig. 178), 1.15 times as long as body.

Laos.

This species is not known from China at present. It is included in the key because it may occur in South China.

Lectotype of Foenatopus ruficollis, ♀ (SDEI): “[CHINA], Formosa, Kankau (Koshun) H. Sauter, vi. 1912”, “Diastephanus ruficollis TypeEnderl. ♀ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Lectotypus Diastephanus ruficollis Enderlein des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”, “SDEI 007”, “OSUC 0021923”. Paralectotypes, 2 ♂ (SDEI): “[China], Kankau (Koshun) Formosa H. Sauter, v. 1912”, “Diastephanus ruficollis TypeEnderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Paralectotypus Diastephanus ruficollis End. des. Belokobylskij 92”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”, “OSUC 0021924”; id., “OSUC 0021925”.

Holotype of Foenatopus trilobatus, ♀ (BMNH): “Type”, “B.M. Type Hym., 3.a.35”, “Diastephanus trilobatus E.A. Elliott, 17.xii.1919”, “[Vietnam], Tonkin: Hoabinh, Aug.1918, R.V. de Salvaza”, “Indo China, R.V. de Salvaza, 1919–25”.

4 ♀ (SCAU): 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Arboretum of Nanling, 21.vii.2008, Chun-dan Hong, No. 200800182; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Chebaling, 10.vii.2003, Jing-xian Liu, No. 200800165; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nanling, 6.x.2004, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800166; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Jianfengling, 5–7.vi.2007, Li-qiong Weng, No. 200800177; 1 ♀ (ZJUH): CHINA: Guangxi, Longzhou, Nonggang, 18.v.1982, Jun-hua He, No. 821489; 1 ♀ (RMNH): CHINA: Guangdong, Mt. Nanling, 1–6.x.2004, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800167.

Headtransverse in dorsal view and (Figs 189, 198, 208) globose in lateral view (Figs 190, 199, 209); vertex coarsely transversely carinate-rugose (Figs 189, 198, 208); face coarsely transversely striate, yellow patch on frons variable in size (Figs 191, 200, 210); pronotum transversely distinctly or weakly striate (Figs 184, 185, 193, 194, 202, 203); propodeum densely and distinctly to shallowly foveolate (Figs 186, 204); pterostigma moderately short and comparatively wide (Figs 183, 192, 201); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing nearly absent (Figs 183, 192, 201); hind femur with 3 large teeth ventrally (Figs 187, 195, 206); ovipositor sheath nearly completely brownish or black (Figs 188, 196, 207), without subapical band and about as long as body.

Redescribed after a female from Guangdong (Nanling), length of body 10.3 mm, of fore wing 5.6 mm, and of ovipositor 10.5 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 28 flagellomeres; length of first flagellomere 3.0 times its maximum width, and 0.6 times as second flagellomere; frons transversely striate, sculpture coarser near the central frontal coronal tooth (Fig. 210); three anterior coronal teeth acute, both posterior ones widely separated and arcuate; between posterior ocelli with three strong, transverse carinae, third one interrupted medially; vertex irregularly coarsely transversely carinate (Fig. 208); temples largely smooth but with some sculpture originating from vertex; temple indistinctly protruding (Fig. 209), head transverse in dorsal view (Fig. 208).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 202, 203) robust, dorsally with several irregular rugae, anteriorly distinctly emarginate, postero-dorsally at same level as middle pronotum; middle and posterior parts of pronotum dorsally transversely striate and coriaceous, laterally obliquely strigate, lateral convex posterior pronotum rugose; prosternum largely glabrous and coriaceous; mesoscutum anterior half transversely strigate, remainder strongly carinate-rugose; median sulcus and notauli distinct on anterior half; axillae strigate, more finely so laterally, separated basally by a large fovea and form scutellum by reverse V-shaped impressions; scutellum largely coarsely strigate and somewhat rugose laterally (Fig. 204); mesopleuron sparsely shallowly foveolate-rugose, anteriorly covered with whitish pubescence; metapleuron strongly reticulate-foveolate, ventrally with transverse carinae; propodeum strongly reticulate-foveolate, foveolae rather large, some foveolae posteriorly coalescent, and coarse inside (Fig. 204).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 201): wing hyaline, vein 2-Cu1 nearly absent; pterostigma widened and comparatively short, obtuse apically, 2.3 times as long as vein r and 7.4 times as its maximum width; vein r ends 0.2 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein 2-SR 2.1 times as long as vein r; vein SR1 and vein r obtuse-angled, vein SR1 curved towards costal margin and disappearing 0.5 times its length before reaching wing margin.

Legs. Hind coxa subcylindrical, anteriorly rugose and posteriorly transversely spaced striate; hind femur finely transversely strigate, with three large ventral teeth and some denticles between posterior ones (Fig. 206); hind tibia 1.4 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia coriaceous and oblique strigate, 1.4 times as long as widened part, outer side of widened part coriaceous and obliquely strigate, inner side of widened part basally depressed, followed by coriaceous, microareolate convex area, apically densely setose (Fig. 206); hind basitarsus parallel-sided, rather slender, its ventral length 5.3 times as long as its width, ventrally densely setose.

Metasoma. First tergite subcylindrical, coarsely transversely striate, 11.3 times as long as its maximum width, 2.2 times as second tergite and 0.7 times as remainder of tergites; second tergite basal 0.3 rugose, medial part coriaceous and microareolate, apical 0.1 aciculate; the rest of tergites largely aciculate; pygidial area with short hair as surroundings, slightly impressed laterally and centrally convex, pygidial impression reversed V-shaped; ovipositor sheath completely dark brown (Fig. 207), as long as body length.

Colour.Almost entirely brownish or dark brown; frons near antennae ivory; malar space ivory; temple with light brownish patch along half of eye; hind basitarsus whitish; ovipositor sheath totally brownish.

Male. Unknown.

Variation. Female: length of body 8.5–14.5 mm, of fore wing 5.6–5.9 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 10.5–14.8 mm; pterostigma 2.1–2.3 times longer than vein r; shape and size of ivory or brownish part on frons variable.

Oriental China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hainan); Vietnam.

Note. The lectotype of Foenatopus ruficollis differs mainly by the more yellowish brown body and the less developed sculpture on body.

Holotype, ♀ (CAFB): CHINA: Guangdong, Deqing, on trunk of Cinnamomum loureirii tree with Xyloryctidae larvae, 27.iv.1997, Yi-zhen Li.

Body largely dull; vertex transversely striate (Fig. 218); frons with 3 yellowish streaks (Fig. 220); yellowish patch on temple weakly defined (Fig. 219); pygidial impression indistinct (Fig. 216); pronotum anteriorly with some fine rugulae, laterally coriaceous or finely reticulate (Figs 212, 213); scutellum matt and medially coriaceous (Fig. 214); pterostigma moderately elongate; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing absent (Fig. 211); both large teeth on hind femur mostly yellowish (Fig. 215); ovipositor sheath 0.9 as long as body length; subapical ivory band of ovipositor sheath 2.5 times as long as its blackish apex (Fig. 217).

Holotype, female, length of body 13.4 mm, of fore wing 6.7 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 11.6 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 29 flagellomeres; frons coarsely transversely striate (Fig. 220); coronal area rugose and coronal teeth acute; vertex slightly convex and finely transversely striate, striations posteriorly reaching occipital carina (Fig. 218); temples smooth and matt, narrowed and rounded behind eyes (Fig. 219).

Mesosoma. Neck (Fig. 212) elongate and rather robust, at about same level as middle pronotum, anteriorly distinctly emarginate, dorsally with weak transverse carinae, medio-longitudinally slightly impressed; middle pronotum transversely striate; posterior pronotum distinctly elevated and rugose dorsally, convex laterally (Fig. 213); mesoscutum anterior half densely striate and posteriorly coarsely foveolate; axillae coarsely rugose; scutellum largely smooth and matt, sparsely with a few punctures (Fig. 214); mesopleuron anterior 0.3 rugose and covered with setosity, remainder largely aciculate; convex part of metapleuron rather robust, largely strongly reticulate-foveolate; both anterior and ventral foveae large; propodeum largely spaced foveolate, foveolae medium-sized, circular and well defined, with microsculptured interspaces (Fig. 214).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 211): wing membrane hyaline; vein 2-CU1 weakly developed and 0.1 times as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma moderately elongate and somewhat rounded apically, 2.9 times as long as vein r and 13.7 times as its maximum width; vein r ends 0.2 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein SR1 nearly parallel to costal margin, vein SR1 and vein r obtusely angled.

Legs. Hind coxa largely transversely striate, anterior 0.3 rugose; hind femur densely transversely strigate, ventrally with two large acute ivory teeth, basally with 2 obtuse tubercles (Fig. 215); hind tibia coriaceous, 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.1 times as long as widened part; inner side of widened part basally depressed, medially convex and granulate, apically densely setose (Fig. 216); length of basitarsus 5.0 times as its width and ventrally densely bristly setose.

Metasoma. First tergite finely transversely striate, 14.2 times as long as its maximum width, 2.2 times second tergite and 0.9 times remainder of metasoma; pygidial area indistinctly differentiated, apically truncate, laterally slightly impressed, medially weakly convex and granulate; subapical ivory band of ovipositor sheath 2.5 times as long as apical blackish part (Fig. 217); ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as body length.

Colour. Brownish to blackish; frons with 3 longitudinal yellowish streaks, one centrally and the other two along the inner orbits; temple ventrally brownish along eye; wing membrane hyaline, wing veins light brownish; pterostigma ivory; pronotum, hind femur and hind tibia, and metasoma largely dark brown; fore and middle legs largely brownish and with some whitish parts; large ventral teeth of hind femur ivory; subapical ivory band of ovipositor sheath 2.5 times as long as apical blackish part.

Male. Unknown.

Oriental China (Guangdong).

This species is named after Prof. Zhong-qi Yang (CAFB) who generously loaned the specimen for the study.

Holotype, ♂ (ZJUH): CHINA: Hubei, Shennongjia, viii.1982, Shang-bo Shi, No. 870112.

Head largely orange brown; temple medially distinctly convex behind eye in dorsal view (Fig. 225); neck at lower level than middle pronotum postero-dorsally (Figs 221, 222); pronotal fold absent (Fig. 221); vein 1-M of fore wing about 2.2 times as long as vein 1-SR and 0.9 times vein m-cu (Fig. 228); vein cu-a of fore wing weakly reclivous or subvertical (Fig. 228); widened part of hind tibia of male nearly straight ventrally (Fig. 230); hind basitarsus 3.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 231); first tergite largely smooth and shiny dorsally (Fig. 229).

See Hong et al. (2010).

China (Hubei).

The name of this species is derived from the Latin “a-” and “plicatus” which means without fold, because this species has no pronotal fold on the pronotum.

Temple medially roundly narrowed behind eye in dorsal view; neck postero-dorsally at about same level as middle pronotum, without distinct pronotal fold and without a cavity (Figs 234, 235); vein 1-M of fore wing about 5 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.2 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a of fore wing strongly reclivous (Fig. 239); widened part of hind tibia of female nearly straight or weakly concave ventrally (Fig. 238); hind basitarsus about 4 times as long as wide (Fig. 236); ivory part of ovipositor sheath about twice as long as dark apical part.

Holotype, ♀ (CPPF): “[CHINA], Fukien [=Fujian], Foochow [=Fuzhou], 10.vi.1954, H. F. Chao coll.”; “Megischus ruficeps Hsiu-Fu Chao det.” (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).

See van Achterberg and Yang (2004).

China (Fujian).

This species is named in honour of the late Prof. Dr Hsiu-Fu Chao (Fuzhou) for his important contributions to our knowledge of the entomofauna of China (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).

6 ♀+ 1 ♂: 2 ♀ (SCAU), CHINA: Guangdong, Chebaling, 26.vii.2008, Zai-fu Xu, No. 200800183; Chun-dan Hong, No. 200800184; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), CHINA: Sichuan, Nanchong, 24.vi.1940, No. 65021.10; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), CHINA: Zhejiang, Quxian, 24.v.1959, Zheng-nan Zhou, No. 5931.1; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), CHINA: Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 7. vii. 1980, Ben-yue Zhang, No. 810242. 1 ♀ (CAFB): “China: Shaanxi, Yangling, 30.viii.1994, ovipositing on larvae of Buprestidae on Prunus sp., Zhong-qi Yang”, “det C. van Achterberg, 2004”. 1 ♀ (RMNH): “China: Fujian, Fuzhou, Westlake, 8.v.1963, Zhen-cai Zhang, RMNH 03”, “det C. van Achterberg, 2003”.

Head largely blackish or dark brown; temple medially slightly convex behind eye in dorsal view (Fig. 244); neck at lower level than middle pronotum postero-dorsally (Fig. 242); pronotal fold distinct and with a cavity below it (Figs 241, 242); vein 1-M of fore wing 4.2–5.5 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.1–1.3 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a of fore wing weakly reclivous or subvertical (Fig. 240); widened part of hind tibia of female distinctly concave ventrally (Figs 248, 249), but straight in male (Fig. 251); hind basitarsus 3.0–3.5 times as long as wide; first tergite largely transversely striate or striate-rugose; whitish or ivory part of ovipositor sheath 0.7–2.0 times as long as dark apical part (Fig. 250).

Redescribed after a female from Guangdong (Chebaling), length of body 13.9 mm, of fore wing 7.5 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 12.8 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 32 flagellomeres; first flagellomere slender, 4.0 times its maximum width, and 0.9 times as second flagellomere; frons (Fig. 246) coarsely reticulate-rugose and covered with few scattered short setae; coronal area somewhat reticulate and with some short carinae, three anterior coronal teeth large, both posterior ones small and as sinuate transverse and wide lamellae; vertex (Fig. 244) with three coarse carinae, two anterior ones strong and arcuate, the last one much shorter, followed by broadly reticulate-rugose and sparsely pubescent area, sculpture postero-dorsally gradually weaker near occipital carina; temple (Fig. 245) smooth and shiny, except for small punctures with associated setae on ventral half of temple and narrowly along eye orbit, temple slightly bulging behind eye in dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 241, 242) moderately slender, anteriorly moderately emarginate, medio-dorsally largely smooth, laterally with three pairs of strong, oblique carinae, anterior two pairs narrowly interrupted dorsally, the posterior pair curved backwards and apically widely separated; neck postero-dorsally at much lower level than middle pronotum, resulting in a distinct, deep cavity below pronotal fold; pronotal fold stout and strongly developed; middle pronotum dorsally at about same level with posterior pronotum and strongly striate-rugose; posterior pronotum largely foveolate and with smooth interspaces, foveolae with associated long setae and some foveolae dorsally coalescent; lateral ventral groove narrowly impressed and smooth, area below it obliquely rugose; propleuron coriaceous and setose; prosternum densely foveolate, foveolae circular and setose; mesoscutum largely densely and strongly foveolate, some foveolae coalescent, generating areolation; notauli and median groove distinct, formed by closely aligned foveolae; axillae foveolate, foveolae deep and separated by about their diameter, axillae separated basally by a large fovea; scutellum (Fig. 243) irregularly distributed with circular foveolae and with smooth interspaces, foveolae laterally denser than dorsally; mesopleuron largely coarsely and densely punctate-rugose, each foveola bearing long and thin seta; convex part of metapleuron densely foveolate and with long whitish setosity, antero-ventrally crenulate and with both anterior and ventral depressions rather deep; propodeum (Fig. 243) dorsally almost glabrous, completely with shallow, circular foveolae, most foveolae separated by about 0.1 of their diameter, some of them coalescent.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 240): wing subhyaline, and surface evenly bristly; vein M+CU1 with four short, erect, equidistant setae; basally vein 1–1A with about 10 erect, approximately equidistant setae grouped at base; vein 1-M 4.8 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.1 times vein m-cu; vein 2-SR 1.4 times vein r; vein r ends 0.4 length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein 1-SR 0.5 times as long as parastigmal vein; vein cu-a postfurcal and subvertical; vein 3-CU1 entirely nebulous and curved apically; first subdiscal cell slightly open posteriorly.

Legs. Hind coxa rather robust, subelliptical, with long whitish setosity strongly inclined towards apex, coarsely spaced punctate-rugose, but posteriorly transversely striate; hind femur (Fig. 247) with scattered punctures and largely smooth and shiny interspaces, each puncture bearing one long whitish seta, hind femur ventrally with two large teeth and several minute teeth in between and behind apical one; hind tibia (Figs 248, 249) 1.4 times longer than hind femur, largely sparsely punctate and with long setae, basal narrow part of hind tibia 0.3 times as wide as widest part; outer side of widened part basally widely and rather steeply depressed and ventrally strongly concave, apical part rather robust; inner side of widened part basally slightly depressed and smooth, followed by coarsely granulate area, apically densely setose; hind tarsus bristly setose ventrally, hind basitarsus robust and somewhat widened apically.

Metasoma. First tergite transversely striate-rugose, 6.2 times as long as its maximum width, 1.7 times as second tergite and 0.6 times as remainder of metasoma; basal 0.2 of second tergite weakly rugose, remainder largely coriaceous and somewhat microareolate; remainder of tergites transversely densely and finely aciculate and sparsely short setose, setae on last two tergites denser; pygidial area with moderately long setae, laterally distinctly impressed and centrally convex, medially granulate; pygidial impression somewhat reversed U-shaped; length of ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as body length, length of subapical whitish band nearly 1.6 times length of dark apical part.

Colour. Largely black or dark brown; most of head, mesosoma and hind coxa black or blackish; malar space and basitarsi ivory; temple and basal 0.3 of hind tibia orange or reddish brown; wing membrane light brownish; antenna, veins, pterostigma, legs (except basal 0.3 of hind tibia and basitarsus), and most of metasoma brown or dark brown; mandible except its apex black; clypeus, fore and middle legs, lateral part of metasoma (except first tergite) yellowish brown; ovipositor sheath largely black and with whitish subapical band.

Male. Very similar to female, but smaller, length of body 12.7 mm, and of fore wing 6.3 mm; widened part of hind tibia ventrally not concave but more or less straight (Fig. 251); hind tarsus with five tarsomeres.

Variation. Female: length of body 9–20.7 mm, of fore wing 6.8–12.5 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 9–21.0 mm; flagellum with 28–36 flagellomeres; vein 1-M 4.2–5.5 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.1–1.3 times vein m-cu; first tergite 6.1–8.4 times as long as its maximum width, 1.7–2.4 times second tergite and 0.6–0.8 times remainder of metasoma; length of ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.0 times as long as body length, length of subapical whitish or ivory band 0.7–2.0 times length of dark apex. Male: length of body 6.5–17 mm.

A parasitoid of Ptosima chinensis Mars. (Buprestidae) larvae in peachtrees, and of Buprestidae in other Prunus species (Chao 1964).

China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong).

The name of this species is derived from the generic name of its host, Ptosima chinensis (Chao 1964).

Holotype, ♀ (SCAU): CHINA: Hainan, Mt. Jianfengling, 5–7.vi.2007, Li-qiong Weng, No. 200800178.

Frons densely foveolate-rugose and with obvious medial groove (Fig. 258); temples dark brown and distinctly angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 256); yellowish streak on temple in dorsal view distinctly contrasting with surroundings and reaching vertex but not reaching occipital carina (Figs 256, 257); pronotum transversely rugose in dorsal view (Fig. 253); propodeum sparsely foveolate and with coriaceous interspaces (Fig. 255); pterostigma long and about 6 times as long as wide (Fig. 252); hind femur distinctly swollen, obtuse subbasal tooth comparatively large and apical large tooth comparatively narrow and acute (Fig. 262); hind tibia ventrally with regular weak carinae and basal narrow part of outer side mainly finely aciculate (Figs 262, 263); pygidial process of female medium-sized (Fig. 261).

Holotype, female, length of body 13.1 mm, of fore wing 8.4 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 19.3 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 32 flagellomeres; length of first flagellomere 4.9 times its maximum width, and 0.6 times second flagellomere; frons coarsely reticulate-rugose, frontal carina present (Fig. 258); three anterior coronal teeth acute, lobe-shaped, both posterior ones as sinuate transverse and wide lamellae; coronal area largely smooth, followed by three coarse and curved transverse carinae, anterior two carinae rather strong and posterior carina weaker; sculpture of vertex varies from undulate-rugose anteriorly to transversely striate posteriorly, narrowly reaching occipital carina (Fig. 256); temple largely smooth and shiny, except with a few punctures bearing setae ventrally (Fig. 257); temple strongly angularly protruding in dorsal view (Fig. 256).

Mesosoma. Neck short and rather stout, anteriorly distinctly emarginate, laterally with pairs of transverse striae, medio-dorsally smooth and posteriorly at much lower level than middle pronotum (Figs 253, 254); pronotal fold absent medially and distinct laterally; remainder of pronotum largely transversely striate and with sparse setae dorsally and posteriorly narrowly smooth and shiny, laterally somewhat striate; middle pronotum not distinctly differentiated from posterior pronotum, lateral oblique groove of pronotum smooth and rather impressed, ventral area below it somewhat sculptured (Fig. 254); propleuron coriaceous and densely setose; anterior third of mesoscutum transversely striate, posteriorly strongly foveolate-rugose; notauli and median groove complete and distinct, formed by closely aligned foveolae; axillae largely coarsely rugose, forming some irregular foveolae; scutellum irregularly aciculate medially and with rather large circular foveolae laterally (Fig. 255); mesopleuron largely rugose and with long, whitish setae, anteriorly more densely pubescent than posteriorly; convex part of metapleuron strongly reticulate-rugose and with rather long whitish setae, ventral part with spaced carinae and smooth interspaces; propodeum foveolate, foveolae circular, medium-sized and with aciculate interspaces, posterior foveolae close to each other and somewhat reticulate (Fig. 255).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 252): vein 1-M 2.2 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.3 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly antefurcal and distinctly curved; vein 2-SR 1.6 times as long as vein r; vein r ends 0.4 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein r and vein 1-M distinctly curved; vein 1-SR approximately as long as parastigmal vein; basal third of vein 3-CU1 tubular, remainder largely nebulous, apically distinctly curved.

Legs. Hind coxa rather robust, largely spaced annularly striate dorsally, basal part rugose, outer side distinctly compressed medially and coarsely rugose (Figs 259, 260); hind femur strongly swollen, finely transversely striate, evenly distributed with small punctures, each puncture bearing a short whitish seta, hind femur with 3 large ventral teeth, basal one obtuse and another two teeth acute, with small tubercles in interspaces (Fig. 262); hind tibia 1.4 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part about 1.2 times as long as widened part; outer side of hind tibia distinctly obliquely carinate and ventral carina rather stout, narrow part of inner side coarsely obliquely striate, widened part of inner side basally distinctly steeply depressed, medially distinctly convex and granulate, apically densely bristly setose (Fig. 262); basitarsus rather robust, ventral length about 6.0 times as long as its apical width.

Metasoma. First tergite cylindrical, about 8.3 times as long as its maximum width, 2.2 times second tergite and 0.9 times remainder of tergites, basal 0.1 rugose and apical 0.05 smooth, remainder largely finely transversely striate; basal third of second tergite rugose, remainder polished smooth; remainder of tergites densely transversely aciculate; pygidial area with 2 distinct projections, pygidial impression setose and somewhat reverse U-shaped (Fig. 261); ovipositor sheath about 1.5 times as long as body.

Colour. Body colour varies from reddish brown to dark brown; scape, pedicel and first-third flagellomeres brown, remainder of antenna darker; mandibles except apex and clypeus yellow; temple along eye with ivory wide streak; frons, coronal area, basal third of second tergite orange; mesosoma (except neck and lateral part of mesoscutum dark brown) and basal 0.2 of first tergite largely red brown; fore wing membrane largely pale brownish, pterostigma dark brown; apical parts of both second and third tergites with golden yellow patch; ovipositor sheath completely blackish.

China (Hainan).

The name is derived from “angulatus” (Latin for angled) because of the angled temples.

Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH): CHINA: Zhejiang, Wuyanling, 29. vii. 2005, Peng Xu, No. 200605074.

Frons densely foveolate-rugose (Fig. 271); temple dark brown and with ivory streak along eyes distinctly contrasting with surroundings (Fig. 270); pronotum robust and weakly rugose (Figs 266, 267); propodeum coarsely and irregularly foveolate (Fig. 268); pterostigma comparatively long and about 5.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 265); first discal cell of fore wing comparatively narrow and its length about 3.1 times as long as vein 1-M (Fig. 265); hind coxa comparatively short and wide in lateral view (Fig. 273); basal narrow part of outer side of hind tibia distinctly carinate; apical large tooth of hind femur comparatively narrow and acute (Figs 275, 276); middle basitarsus of female about 6 times as long as its medial with; first tergite of female comparatively robust; ovipositor sheath about 1.4 times as long as body; pygidial process of female medium-sized (Fig. 274).

Holotype, female, length of body 16.2 mm, of fore wing 9.9 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 22.9 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 33 flagellomeres; frons coarsely reticulate-rugose (Fig. 271); three anterior coronal teeth acute, both posterior ones wide and arcuate, sculpture on coronal area from rugose anteriorly to longitudinally short carinate; behind level of coronal area with five strong, curved carinae, followed by transversely rugose area, rugae coarse anteriorly, finer laterally near eye and posteriorly, striae posteriorly weaker and narrowly reaching to occipital carina (Fig. 269); temple smooth and shiny, relatively broad, gena round (Fig. 270).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 266, 267) short and robust, anteriorly distinctly emarginate, medio-posteriorly smooth, and with pairs of oblique lateral carinae, neck at much lower level than remainder of pronotum; pronotal fold and concavity absent; middle pronotum steeply elevated and subvertical to neck, largely transversely striate; posterior pronotum not differentiated from middle part, weakly striate dorsally and sparsely with punctures laterally and more or less smooth apically (Fig. 266), pronotal lobe with oblique carinae; lateral oblique groove of pronotum narrow and indistinct, ventral area below it distinctly obliquely striate (Fig. 267); propleuron relatively wide, coriaceous and microreticulate; prosternum densely transversely striate and pubescent; mesoscutum foveolate, anterior 0.2 and area between foveolae striate, latero-posteriorly somewhat rugose; notauli and median groove distinct and formed by some foveolae or crenulae; axilla irregularly densely striate, rugose-foveolate near scutellum; scutellum (Fig. 268) laterally densely foveolate and medially rugulose; mesopleuron rather robust, dorsally flat and largely smooth, convex ventral part shallowly rugose and pubescent, anteriorly pubescence denser and rugae coarser than posteriorly; mesosternum largely striate and anterior part pubescent; convex part of metapleuron coarsely reticulate-rugose and sparsely setose, ventral part below it finely striate; propodeum irregularly foveolate, foveolae changing from circular to suboval, area in between and inside foveolae striate, foveolae laterally and apically somewhat coalescent and reticulate (Fig. 268).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 265): vein 1-M 1.25 times as long as vein 1-SR and 0.9 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly postfurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 1.25 times as long as vein r; vein r ends 0.3 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein r and vein 1-M distinctly curved; vein 1-SR 1.4 times as long as parastigmal vein; vein 3-CU1 basal 0.2 tubular, remainder largely nebulous, apically distinctly curved.

Legs. Hind coxa (Figs 272, 273) robust, antero-dorsally rugose, anterior 0.6 of outer side distinctly compressed and sculpture changing from rugose to microreticulate, posterior part of hind coxa coarsely transversely striate; hind femur (Fig. 275) strongly swollen, densely finely aciculate, ventrally with 2 large teeth and some denticles in between, basal one third part having 2 obtuse teeth much smaller; hind tibia (Figs 275, 276) about 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part about 1.4 times as long as widened part, outer side of hind tibia distinctly obliquely carinate, narrow part of inner side coriaceous, widened part of inner side distinctly depressed basally and densely bristly setose apically; basitarsus rather robust, ventral length about 3.8 times as long as its apical width.

Metasoma. First tergite 4.6 times as long as its maximum width, 1.7 times second tergite and 0.6 times remainder of tergites, densely coarsely and rather regularly transversely striate, basal 0.1 rugose and with 2 distinct, short longitudinal carinae, apically narrowly smooth; basal 0.2 of second tergite with several short longitudinal carinae, remainder of tergite smooth; remainder of tergites densely finely microaciculate; pygidial area with two distinct projections, pygidial impression setose and somewhat reverse V-shaped (Fig. 274); ovipositor sheath (Fig. 276) about 1.4 times as long as body.

Colour. Largely black; head tricoloured: coronal teeth, vertex medio-longitudinally and narrow area of vertex behind eyes dark brown; frons and most of vertex reddish; gena narrowly along eye margin yellowish; propleuron largely yellowish; middle basitarsus with yellowish tint; fore leg, hind trochanter, hind tibia and basal 0.2 of second tergite dark reddish brown; wing membrane subhyaline; pterostigma and wing venation dark brown.

Male. Unknown.

China (Zhejiang).

The name is derived from “brevis” (Latin for short) and “coxa” (Latin for hip) because of the short hind coxa.

Holotype of Parastephanellus brevistigma, ♂ (SDEI): “ Formosa, Kankau (Koshun), H. Sauter, v.1912”, “22.iv.”, “Parastephanellus brevistigma Type Enderl. ♂ Dr. Enderlein det. 1913”, “Holotypus”, “Coll. DEI Eberswalde”, “OSUC 0021613”.

7 ♂ (ZJUH): 1 ♂, CHINA: Guangxi, Longzhou Nonggang, 1982.v.21, Jun-hua He, No. 821669; 6♂, CHINA: Guangxi, Longzhou, 1982.v.22, No. 822167, No. 822168, No. 822169, No. 822147, No. 822148, No. 822149.

Head in dorsal view orange brown and sparsely striate (Figs 284, 291); frons and temple yellowish; frons transversely rugose (Figs 286, 293); temple smooth and shiny (Figs 285, 292); pronotum comparatively short and its lateral length 0.8–0.9 times maximum width, in dorsal view superficially sculptured and shiny (Figs 279, 280, 288, 289); propodeum shallowly and sparsely foveolate and coriaceous interspaces mostly wider than diameter of punctures (Figs 281, 290); pterostigma distinctly widened and comparatively short, 4–5 times as long as wide (Figs 278, 287); outer side of hind tibia finely carinate (Figs 294, 295).

Holotype, male, length of fore wing 4.1 mm, and of incomplete body 2.8 mm (metasoma lost).

Head. Flagellum with 23 flagellomeres; coronal teeth large and distinctly carinate; frons coarsely striate (Fig. 286); vertex with several spaced striae, area near lateral ocelli rugulose (Fig. 284); temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 285), evenly convex behind eyes.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs 279, 280) largely smooth and weakly sculptured; neck short and laterally with several pairs of carinae; posterior pronotum rugose, somewhat coriaceous; scutellum medially rugulose and laterally with several shallow foveolae (Fig. 281); propodeum (Fig. 281) and metapleuron coarsely shallowly foveolate.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 278): vein 1-M 1.5 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.1 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly antifurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 1.7 times as long as vein r; pterostigma distinctly widened and comparatively short, 4.5 times as long as wide; vein r ends 0.4 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein 1-SR 1.2 times as long as parastigmal vein; basal 0.2 of vein 3-CU1 tubular, remainder largely nebulous, apically distinctly curved.

Legs. Holotype has only hind coxa left on the legs, legs described after a male from Guangxi (Longzhou). Hind coxa (Figs 282, 283, 297) largely striate, medial part of outer side compressed and more or less rugulose; hind femur (Figs 294, 295) strongly swollen, finely aciculate and with 2 large ventral teeth; hind tibia 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part 1.7 times as long as widened part; outer side of hind tibia coriaceous and ventrally with some spaced oblique carinae; widened part of inner side distinctly depressed basally and densely setose apically; ventral length of hind basitarsus about 3.5 times as long as its apical width.

Metasoma. Metasoma of holotype lost, described after a male from Guangxi (Longzhou). First tergite coarsely transversely striate, 4.8 times as long as its width, 1.9 times as second tergite and 0.9 as rest of tergite; second tergite basally with weak rugose, rest of metasoma largely smooth, somewhat microreticulate; pygidial process distinct and tubular apically (Fig. 298).

Colour. Body varies from yellowish brown to dark brown; frons and temple yellowish (with a paler ivory streak along eye) (Figs 285, 286, 292, 293); vertex and pronotum orange brown; scutellum and propodeum dark brownish.

China (Guangxi, Taiwan).

Paratypes, 2 ♀ (RMNH): “JPN [= Japan]/Kyushu [Kagoshima] Makizono t. Takachiho, 29.vii.2005, 31°52'33"N/130°53'29"E, R. Matsumoto”, “♀ Parastephanellus matsumotoi sp. nov., C. van Achterberg, 2006, PARATYPE”; id., but 31°53'25"N, 130°49'05"E.

5 ♀+7 ♂ (ZJUH): 1 ♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Qinling, Mt. Tiantai, 1999.ix.3, Yun Ma, No. 991151; 1♀, CHINA: Henan, Songxian, Mt. Baiyun, 1996.vii.19, Ping Cai, No. 972997; 3♀, CHINA: Henan, Luoshan, Lingshan, 2000.v.22, Ping Cai, No. 200101896; id., but No. 200101873, No. 200101882; 6 ♂, id., but No. 200101876, No. 200101884, No. 200101893, No. 200101906, No. 200101908, No. 200101911; 1 ♂, CHINA: Zhejiang Suichang, 1982.vi.28–vii.1, Han-lin Chen, No. 924696; 1♀ (HNHM), “Formosa, Sauter”, “Polisha, x.1909”.

Frons largely dark brown and reticulate-rugose (Figs 305, 318, 331); temples moderately angulate to rather rounded in dorsal view (Figs 303, 316, 329); distance from dorsally widened pale streak on temple to occipital carina in dorsal view more than width of streak (Figs 303, 316, 329); pronotum dark brown or blackish, transversely striate-rugose (Figs 300, 301, 313, 314, 326, 327); hind femur matt or with satin sheen, longer and largely coriaceous (Figs 309, 322, 335).

Redescribed from a female from Henan, length of body 13.4 mm, of fore wing 7.1 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 19.2 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 31 flagellomeres; frons coarsely reticulate-rugose (Fig. 331); three anterior coronal teeth large and acute, both posterior ones wider and arcuate; vertex flattened, largely rugose or rugulose, posteriorly transversely striate (Fig. 329); temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 330), rounded convex in dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Neck short and transversely carinate, anteriorly distinctly emarginated, posteriorly with transverse groove in dorsal view; pronotum largely striate or rugulose, posteriorly narrowly smooth (Figs 326, 327); propleuron largely coriaceous; mesopleuron coriaceous and with some shallow foveolae, anteriorly densely setose; scutellum aciculate medially and with round punctures laterally (Fig. 328); propodeum spaced foveolate and with coriaceous interspaces (Fig. 328); metapleuron coarsely reticulate-foveolate, convex medially.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 325): vein 1-M 1.4 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.1 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly antefurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 1.3 times as long as vein r; vein r ends 0.4 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein 1-M and vein r distinctly curved; vein 1-SR 1.4 times as long as parastigmal vein; vein 3-CU1 largely nebulous, only basal 0.2 tubular.

Legs. Hind coxa robust, largely coarsely rugose; hind femur rugulose, ventrally with 2 large teeth and one smaller basal tooth (Fig. 335); hind tibia (Figs 335, 336) largely coriaceous and ventrally distinctly oblique carinate, 1.3 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia about 1.2 times as long as widened part; ventral length of hind basitarsus 5.2 times as long as its width.

Metasoma. First tergite densely transversely striate, 7.5 times as long as its maximum width, 2.3 times second tergite and 0.9 times remainder of metasoma; second tergite basally rugose; remainder of metasoma largely smooth and shiny; pygidial area differentiated and with pair of truncate horns apically, pygidial impression distinct and reversed V-shaped (Fig. 334); ovipositor broken; length of ovipositor sheath about 1.4 times as long as body.

Colour. Largely blackish or dark brown; temple with yellowish streak along eye.

Variation. Female: length of body 7.5–16.4 mm, of fore wing 5.2–9 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 16.9–21.2 mm; frons completely dark brown or black or with orange or reddish patch (Figs 305, 318, 331); temple colour varied from reddish to blackish and with yellowish or ivory streak along eye (Figs 304, 317, 330). Male: similar to female, length of body 7.5–13 mm, and of fore wing 5–9 mm.

China (Shaanxi, Henan, Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu).

This species is new record from China.

Holotype, ♀ (ZJUH): CHINA: Zhejiang, Kaihua, Mt. Gutian, 2005.vii.1–3, Xue-xin Chen, No. 200604294.

Temple completely yellowish, yellowish streak stretching to vertex and reaching occipital carina (Figs 352, 353); pronotum rugose-striate in dorsal view (Fig. 339); propodeum densely foveolate and interspaces small (Fig. 341); vein 1-M of fore wing 2.2 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.3 times as vein m-cu (Fig. 338); hind femur less swollen; apical large tooth of hind femur comparatively wide and obtuse (Fig. 348); hind tibia yellowish brown and ventrally with a few weak carinae, basal narrow part of outer side with striae (Figs 348, 349); ovipositor sheath about as long as body; pygidial process of female rounded apically (Fig. 347).

Holotype, female, length of body 9.8 mm, of fore wing 5.8 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 10.2 mm.

Head. Antenna with flagellomeres partly missing; frons transversely striate-rugose (Fig. 344); three anterior coronal teeth acute, both posterior ones wide and arcuate; sculpture on vertex varied from rugose to striate-rugose (Fig. 342); temple smooth and shiny (Fig. 343), distinctly roundedly convex behind eyes.

Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs 339, 340) robust, dorsally largely coarsely carinate or striate and laterally rugulose; neck short and transversely impressed posteriorly; pronotal fold and concavity absent; middle pronotum gradually elevated connected with posterior pronotum; mesoscutum anteriorly microreticulate and posteriorly foveolate; notauli and median groove distinct and formed by foveolae; scutellum (Fig. 341) coarsely coriaceous and laterally with several foveolae; mesopleuron robust, irregularly with dense and shallow foveolae; convex part of metapleuron coarsely reticulate-rugose; propodeum densely and coarsely foveolate (Fig. 341).

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 338): vein 1-M 2.2 times as long as vein 1-SR and 1.3 times vein m-cu; vein cu-a slightly antifurcal and subvertical; vein 2-SR 2.6 times as long as vein r; vein r ends 0.3 times length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma; vein r and vein 1-M distinctly curved; vein 1-SR slightly shorter than parastigmal vein; vein 3-CU1 basal 0.2 tubular, remainder largely nebulous, apically distinctly curved.

Legs. Hind coxa rugose, but rugae on posterior third more regular and somewhat transverse (Figs 345, 346); hind femur densely finely aciculate, ventrally with two large obtuse teeth and some denticles in between (Figs 348, 349); hind tibia about 1.2 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part 1.3 times as long as widened part, narrow part of inner side coriaceous (Fig. 349), widened part of inner side distinctly depressed basally and densely bristly setose apically; basitarsus rather robust, ventral length about 4.2 times as long as its apical width.

Metasoma. First tergite densely transversely striate, 4.2 times as long as its maximum width, 2.2 times second tergite and 0.9 times remainder of tergites; basal 0.2 of second tergite with weak rugae, remainder of tergite smooth or indistinctly microreticulate; pygidial impression indistinct (Fig. 347); ovipositor sheath (Fig. 350) about same size as body.

Colour. Largely blackish; frons largely orange-brown; temple and hind tibia completely yellowish; second tergite basally reddish.

Male. Unknown.

China (Zhejiang).

The name is derived from “Zhejiang” because the type locality is situated in Zhejiang Province (China).

Holotype, ♀ (HNHM), “KOREA, Prov. North Pyongan, Mount Myohyang-san”, “17.07.1982, No.815, Leg. Dr. L. Forro & Dr. L. Ronkay”, “Holotypus ♀ Schlettererius determinatorius n. sp. MADL, 1990”, “OSUC 0021616”.

1 ♂ (ZJUH): CHINA: Shaanxi, Liuba, Mt. Zibai, 1632 m, 4.viii.2004, Hong-ying Zhang, No. 20047080.

Posterior half of pronotum comparatively low and dorso-posteriorly finely transversely rugose (Figs 366, 367); first subdiscal cell of fore wing comparatively robust and 2.0–2.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 365); first-third metasomal tergites black or dark brown (Fig. 375); first tergite irregularly coarsely transversely rugose (Figs 373, 375).

Redescribed after the male from Shaanxi (Liuba), length of body 9.8 mm, and of fore wing 6.5 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 27 flagellomeres; frons (Fig. 371) coarsely transversely rugose; three anterior coronal teeth large and acute, both posterior ones arcuate and lamelliform, with two small lobe-shaped carinae on each side in front of both posterior ocelli; behind level of coronal area having four curved, progressively smaller carinae followed by rugose area, rugae finer medio-dorsally and more or less reticulate laterally, posteriorly narrowly reaching occipital carina (Fig. 369); temple smooth and shiny except for some very small punctures ventrally, somewhat rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 370).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 366, 367) short and robust, irregularly carinate; middle pronotum largely smooth and with a distinct, somewhat sinuate carina posteriorly; posterior pronotum medio-dorsally smooth and laterally coarsely rugose; lateral oblique groove of pronotum rather narrow and smooth, ventral area below it obliquely striate; propleuron coriaceous; mesonotum (Fig. 366) irregularly foveolate and area between smooth; notauli and median groove indistinct; scutellum (Fig. 368) largely smooth medially, foveolate laterally and marginally; axillae rugose-foveolate; mesopleuron rather robust and distinctly convex, convex part rugose-reticulate and covered with whitish setosity, flat dorsal part sparsely carinate; mesosternum anteriorly rugose and posteriorly sparsely punctate; medially convex part of metapleuron reticulate-rugose and with short whitish setosity, antero-ventrally weakly crenulate, with dorsal anterior depression rather deep and ventral one less impressed; propodeum (Fig. 368) densely and irregularly rugose.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 365): vein 1-M distinctly curved, 2.4 times as long as vein 1-SR; vein r ends before level of apex of pterostigma; first subdiscal cell robust, twice as long as its maximum width. Hind wing (Fig. 365): vein cu-a largely pigmented.

Legs. Hind coxa (Fig. 372) robust, largely coarsely striate-rugose, with a small obtuse subapical dorsal tooth (but absent in other coxa); hind femur (Fig. 374) slender, granulate and covered with whitish, sparse setae, apically more or less strigate, ventrally with 3 acute teeth (the anterior one much smaller) and some denticles in between; hind tibia (Fig. 374) 1.1 times as long as hind femur, basal narrow part of hind tibia 0.5 times long as widened part, widened part ventrally distinctly obliquely carinate; length of hind basitarsus 3.7 times as long as its width.

Metasoma. First tergite (Figs 373, 375) robust, subcylindrical, 4.6 times as long as its maximum width, coarsely rugose, posteriorly more or less striate, laterally with whitish setosity; second tergite about as long as first tergite, smooth and finely sparsely punctate; remainder of tergites smooth and shiny; pygidial process distinct and tubular apically (Fig. 375).

Colour. Body colour varies from light brown to blackish; malar space yellowish; antenna, fore and middle legs and wing membrane light brown; frons, vertex, pronotum and first tergite dark brown; mesosoma, hind coxae blackish; temples, metasoma (except first tergite) and hind legs (except hind coxae) brown.

Female. See Madl (1991) for detailed description.

Palaearctic China (Shaanxi); North Korea.

For redescription in Chinese, see Hong and Xu (2011).

Holotype, ♀ (CAFB), “CHINA: Henan, Longyuwan, Lianchuan, 700m, on trunk of Quercus tree with Cerambycidae larvae, 13.vii.1996, Zhong-qi Yang”.

1 ♀ (SCAU): CHINA: Henan, Neixiang County, Baotianman, 13–15.vii.1998, Yun Ma, No. 987231.

Pronotum without distinct pronotal fold medially (Figs 377, 378); small part of vein M+CU of hind wing pigmented; scutellum densely rugose (Fig. 379); hind femur with 2 large ventral teeth (Fig. 383); first metasomal tergite more slender, about 9 times as long as its maximum width (Figs 384, 385).

Redescribed after a female from Henan (Baotianman), length of body 17.7 mm, of fore wing 11.9 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 28 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 25 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 3.9 times as long as wide, and 0.7 times as long as second flagellomere; frons (Fig. 382) coarsely reticulate and densely setose; three anterior lobe-shaped coronal teeth of head large, hardly larger than both posterior ones; vertex with four curved, progressively smaller carinae behind level of both posterior coronal lobes, remainder of vertex rather coarsely reticulate-rugose, sculpture becoming finer posteriorly and narrowly reaching occipital carina (Fig. 380); temples smooth except for some small punctures bearing setosity ventrally (Fig. 381), shiny and rather angulate in dorsal view.

Mesosoma. Neck (Fig. 377) comparatively short and robust, anteriorly shallowly emarginate, medio-dorsally smooth and laterally with several coarse and irregular carinae which curved backwards, postero-dorsally at lower level than middle pronotum, with a distinct cavity below pronotal fold; pronotal fold distinctly developed laterally and absent medially; middle pronotum robust, coarsely and irregular rugose, not distinctly differentiated from posterior pronotum (Figs 377, 378); lateral oblique groove of pronotum distinct and rather wide, impression largely carinate and ventral area below it coarsely rugose (Fig. 378); postero-laterally narrowly short setose; posterior part of pronotum dorsally coarsely transversely rugose and somewhat smooth and shiny posteriorly; mesoscutum laterally coarsely rugose-reticulate, medially densely foveolate-rugose, notauli and median groove rather distinct; scutellum completely coarsely reticulate-rugose; axillae densely foveolate (Fig. 379); propleuron coarsely punctate; convex part of mesopleuron reticulate-foveolate and covered with whitish and rather sparse setosity; dorsal part densely rugose and setose; mesosternum with spaced punctures; medially metapleuron strongly convex, coarsely foveolate-reticulate and with short whitish setosity, antero-ventrally weakly crenulate and with dorsal anterior depression rather deep and ventral one less impressed; propodeum (Fig. 379) densely and irregularly rugose-foveolate.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 376): vein 1-M 3.6 times as long as vein 1-SR and nearly straight. Hind wing: vein M+CU only partly pigmented and after middle of wing.

Legs. Hind coxa moderately slender, subparallel-sized, largely coarsely rugose, but posterior third striate; hind femur (Fig. 383) slender, largely finely transversely striate, with two acute, large teeth and some denticles in between, laterally with spaced, small punctures and each bearing a whitish seta; basal narrow part of hind tibia 1.3 times long as widened part, parallel-sided and with ventral carina; outer side of widened part of hind tibia coriaceous, with small sparse punctures bearing whitish setae (Fig. 383); inner side flattened, sparsely granulate, apically with densely bristly setose area; hind basitarsus parallel-sided, basally hardly curved, ventral length 8.3 times its width.

Metasoma. First tergite (Figs 384, 385) subcylindrical, 8.9 times as long as its apical width, basally coarsely reticulate-rugose, remainder irregularly and densely rugose (Fig. 384); second tergite basally rugose, remainder mainly smooth; pygidial area not lamelliform posteriorly, pygidial impression reverse V-shaped; length of ovipositor sheath 1.5 times as long as length of body.

Colour. Blackish or dark brown; face brownish; malar space yellowish, distinctly contrasting to dark colour of temple and vertex; fore wing membrane largely pale brownish; tibiae, tarsi brownish, and hind trochantellus pale brownish; ovipositor sheath completely blackish (Fig. 386).

A parasitoid of Cerambycidae larvae in Quercus sp., and probably in other deciduous trees (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).

Palaearctic China (Henan).

The name refers to the two ventral teeth of the hind femur. This species is unique in the Stephanidae by the combination of the hind tarsus with five tarsomeres in female and the hind femur with two large ventral teeth (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).

Holotype, ♀ (CAFB), “CHINA: Henan, Longyuwan, Luanchuan, 700 m, ovipositing on Cerambycidae larvae in Qishu tree, 10.vii.1996, Zhong-qi Yang”. Paratypes (18 ♀ + 2 ♂: CAFB; 1 ♀: RMNH): 1 ♀, “CHINA: Henan Longyuwan, Luanchuan, ovipositing on Buprestidae larvae in Ulmus tree, 10.vii.1996, Zhong-qi Yang”; 5 ♀ + 2 ♂, “CHINA: Shaanxi, Louguantai, 9.ix.1991, ovipositing on Cerambycidae larvae in Quercus tree, Zhong-qi Yang”; 1 ♀ (RMNH), id.; 3 ♀, id., but 10.ix.1991; 3 ♀, id., but 11.ix.1991; 3 ♀, id., but 12.ix.1991; 1 ♀, id., but 13.ix.1991; 2 ♀, id., but 15.ix.1991.

2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (ZJUH): 2 ♀, CHINA: Shaanxi, Mt. Xinjia, 28–30. vi.1992, No. 200011622; No. 200011617; 1 ♂, CHINA: Henan, Jiyuan, 7.vi.2000, Ping Cai, No. 200102040.

Pronotum (Fig. 388) with a coarse to fine pronotal fold medially; scutellum (Fig. 390) coarsely foveolate and somewhat smooth medially; large part of vein M+CU of hind wing pigmented (Fig. 387); hind femur (Fig. 394) with 3 large ventral teeth, rarely with 4 teeth (van Achterberg and Yang 2004); first metasomal tergite (Figs 395, 396) often comparatively robust and 3–5.7 times as long as its maximum width.

Redescribed after a female from Shaanxi (Mt. Xinjia), length of body 13.8 mm, of fore wing 10.8 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 18.0 mm.

Head. Flagellum with 30 flagellomeres; first flagellomere moderately slender, 3.4 times as long as wide, and 0.8 times as long as second flagellomere; frons (Fig. 393) coarsely reticulate-rugose; three anterior lobe-shaped coronal teeth of head large; both posterior ones connected and ear-like, behind them with two distinct lobes laterally and four curved, progressively smaller carinae; medio-dorsally remainder of vertex rather finely transversely striate, laterally and including area behind posterior ocelli reticulate, sculpture becoming finer posteriorly and narrowly reaching occipital carina (Fig. 391); temples smooth except for some punctures ventrally, shiny and moderately angulate in dorsal view (Fig. 392).

Mesosoma. Neck (Figs 388, 389) comparatively short and robust, anteriorly moderately concave, neck postero-dorsally at lower level than middle pronotum, with three pairs of distinct carinae laterally and smooth medially in front of pronotal fold, with distinct cavity under pronotal fold; pronotal fold distinctly developed and sinuate in dorsal view (Fig. 388); middle pronotum robust, with a very short median carina directly behind pronotal fold, with some irregular and rather coarse transverse carinae (Fig. 388); lateral oblique groove of pronotum distinct and rather wide, impression somewhat carinate and with wide smooth interspaces and ventral area below it coarsely rugose; postero-laterally narrowly short setose; posterior pronotum dorsally coarsely carinate-rugose; mesoscutum laterally densely coarsely rugose, medially foveolate and with rather distinct notauli and a median groove; scutellum (Fig. 390) coarsely foveolate; axillae with some spaced foveolae; propleuron coarsely punctate; convex part of mesopleuron reticulate-foveolate and covered with whitish and rather sparse setosity; dorsal part densely rugose and setose; mesosternum with coarse punctures; medially metapleuron strongly convex, coarsely foveolate-reticulate and with short whitish setosity, antero-ventrally weakly crenulate and with dorsal anterior depression and ventral depression rather deep; propodeum (Fig. 390) densely and irregularly rugose-foveolate.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 387): vein 1-M 3.3 times as long as vein 1-SR and weakly curved. Hind wing (Fig. 387): vein M+CU largely pigmented.

Legs. Hind coxa rather robust, subelliptical, anteriorly coarsely rugose, posteriorly striate; hind femur (Fig. 394) slender, largely finely transversely striate, with three acute, large teeth and some denticles in between, laterally sparsely setose; basal narrow part of hind tibia about 1.1 times as long as widened part, parallel-sided and with ventral carina; outer side of widened part of hind tibia coriaceous and with sparse small punctures bearing whitish setae (Fig. 394); inner side flattened, sparsely granulate, apically with densely bristly setose area; hind basitarsus parallel-sided, basally hardly curved, ventral length 6.0 times its width.

Metasoma. First tergite (Figs 395, 396) rather robust, subcylindrical, 5.7 times as long as its maximum width, largely irregularly and coarsely transversely rugose, basally much coarser and slightly reticulate; second tergite basally rugose, remainder smooth; pygidial area distinctly differentiated, narrowly lamelliform posteriorly, pygidial impression deep and reverse Y-shaped; length of ovipositor sheath 1.3 times as long as body.

Colour. Blackish or dark brown; face brownish; malar space yellowish, distinctly contrasting to temple and vertex; fore wing membrane largely pale brownish; tibiae, tarsi brownish, and hind trochantellus pale brown; ovipositor sheath completely blackish.

Male. Very similar to female, but smaller: length of body 11.5 mm and of fore wing 7.7 mm.

Variation. Female: length of body 13.8–16.9 mm, and of fore wing 10.1–12.8 mm; flagellum with 25–31 flagellomeres; middle teeth of hind femur maybe double, resulting in 4 ventral teeth in one leg and the normal 3 in the other leg (van Achterberg and Yang 2004); first tergite 4.4–5.7 times as long as its maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath 1.6–1.8 times as long as fore wing and 1.2–1.3 times as long as length of body. Male: length of fore wing 7.7–8.7 mm; flagellum with 25–27 flagellomeres.

A parasitoid of Buprestidae and Cerambycidae larvae in deciduous trees (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).

Palaearctic China (Shaanxi, Henan).

The name refers to the three ventral teeth of the hind femur (van Achterberg and Yang 2004).