Abstract Two new species of hystrignathids (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) are described as parasites of Passalus interstitialis Escholtz, 1829 from Cuba. Hystrignathus splendidus sp. n. differs from H. inflatus Travassos & Kloss, 1957 bythe eggs ridged, a stouter body and a shorter tail, and from H. tarda (Artigas, 1928) by its eggs being ridged and larger. Lepidonema magnum sp. n. can be differentiated from L. brasiliensis Travassos & Kloss, 1957 by the extension of the lateral alae, length of the first cephalic annule and the stouter body. It differs from L. teresae Garcia, Ventosa & Morffe, 2009 by the esophagus and tail being comparatively shorter. L. bifurcata Cobb, 1898 differs from the new species bythe tail tip bifurcated. L. caracae Kloss, 1962 has more extended lateral alae and a shorter esophagus. Keys to the Cuban species of Hystrignathus and Lepidonema are given. Longior similis Morffe, Garcia & Ventosa, 2009 is recorded from El Pan de Matanzas, Matanzas Province, Cuba.