Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jan Klimaszewski ( jklimaszewski@cfl.forestry.ca ) Academic editor: Adam Brunke
© 2017 Jan Klimaszewski, Reginald P. Webster, Adriano Zanetti, Caroline Bourdon.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Klimaszewski J, Webster RP, Zanetti A, Bourdon C (2017) First Canadian records of genera Apimela Mulsant & Rey and Gyronycha Casey from New Brunswick: description of two new species and new provincial distribution records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 672: 35-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.672.12488
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Two genera, Apimela Mulsant & Rey and Gyronycha Casey (both Aleocharinae: Oxypodini: Meoticina), are recorded from New Brunswick and Canada for the first time. The following species are newly recorded or described as new in New Brunswick and Canada: Apimela fusciceps (Casey); A. canadensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.; and Gyronycha pseudoobscura Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. The genera are defined and the key for species identification is provided. Color habitus images and black and white images of the median lobe of the aedeagus, spermatheca, tergite, and sternite VIII are provided for all species occurring in Canada, and Apimela macella (Erichson), the type species of genus Apimela, and G. valens Casey, the type species of Gyronycha. New or additional habitat data are provided for the species treated in this contribution. The following new synonym is established: Gyronycha lepida Casey, 1911 (NC), is a synonym of G. fusciceps Casey, 1894 (NC).
Coleoptera , Staphylinidae , Aleocharinae , Apimela , Gyronycha , taxonomy, new species, Canada
The genus Gyronycha was described by
All specimens in this study were dissected to examine the genital structures. Extracted genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol, mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid micro-slides, and pinned with the specimen from which they originated. Images of the entire body and the genital structures were taken using an image processing system (Nikon SMZ 1500 stereoscopic microscope; Nikon Digital Camera DXM 1200F, and Adobe Photoshop software).
Morphological terminology mainly follows that used by
Species within genera are arranged alphabetically in the text and in the table.
RWC R. Webster collection, Fredercton, New Brunswick, Canada.
USA state abbreviations follow those of the US Postal Service.
Discussion. We have discovered that the spermathecal capsule in Apimela and Gyronycha has an apical or apico-lateral, narrow, tubular projection, which may be indicative of close phylogenetic relationship between both genera. Known males of Gyronycha species, have carniform tubercules on the first and fifth visible tergites (Figs
1 | Antennomeres VII-X slightly to strongly transverse (Figs |
2 |
– | Antennomeres VII-X moderately to strongly elongate (Figs |
Gyronycha pseudoobscura Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. [male unknown] |
2 | Antennomeres VI-X strongly transverse (Fig. |
Apimela canadensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. |
– | Antennomeres VI-X slightly transverse (Fig. |
Apimela fusciceps (Casey) |
Homalota macella Erichson, 1839
Body yellowish brown, narrow and linear, length 2.0-3.0 mm; forebody densely and finely pubescent; head subquadrate as large as or slightly larger than pronotum, eyes moderately large, usually shorter than postocular area of head and visible from above, posterior angles of head angular, basal carina vestigial and visible only basally; antennomeres V-X slightly to strongly transverse; last palpomere needle-shaped; pronotum slightly transverse, widest in apical third, as long as head, densely pubescent, pubescence on midline of disc directed anteriad except posteriad basally, on sides anteriad and laterad, forming arcuate lines; elytra strongly elongate, one six/seventh broader than pronotum, at suture longer than pronotum, pubescence directed obliquely postriad; mesoventrite long, mesocoxae close; abdomen parallel sided, first four visible tergites with deep arcuate impressions, males without tubercles on first and fifth visible tergites; basal metatarsus as long as two following combined, tarsi small; median lobe of aedeagus with sinuate venter of tubus in lateral view, crista apicalis of bulbus from moderately-sized to large, internal sac with complex sclerites; spermatheca with sinuate stem, coils partial and not overlapping. Species of this genus occur in riparian habitats.
Gyronycha
fusciceps
Casey, 1894: 376. Lectotype (female). USA: N.Y. [New York]; fusciceps Casey; TYPE
Gyronycha
lepida
Casey, 1911: 217, syn. n. Lectotype (male). USA: N.C. [North Carolina]; lepida Casey; TYPE
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1944°N, 67.6832°W, 2.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll.// River margin, under cobblestones in sand/gravel, among scattered grasses (RWC,
Body length 3.0–3.4 mm, subparallel, yellowish brown, head and scutellar region of elytra dark brown, strongly glossy, forebody with fine and moderately dense pubescence, punctation fine; head subquadrate, eyes large and about as long as postocular region of head, posterior angles rounded, pubescence directed straight and obliquely anteriad; antennomeres V-X slightly to strongly transverse, head broader than pronotum; pronotum slightly transverse, posterior angles angular; elytra elongate, at suture longer than pronotum, and about one fourth wider than pronotum, abdomen subparallel, with first visible four tergites deeply impressed basally, males lacking tubercles on first and fifth visible tergites. MALE. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus strongly produced ventrally, in lateral view its venter sinuate with two more or less visible minute teeth in apical third, internal sac with complex structures as illustrated (Figs
Formerly known from New York and North Carolina in the United States (
In New Brunswick, this species was found along a river margin under cobblestones set in sand/gravel, often in areas with scattered grasses, sometimes away from water’s edge. Adults were collected in late May and June.
This species belongs to a distinct species group and has spermatheca type similar to that of A. attenuata (Casey).
(male). CANADA, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge PNA, 47.8257°N, 66.0779°W, 14.V.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Partially shaded cobblestone bar near outflow of brook at Jacquet River, under cobblestones and gravel on sand (
Apimela canadensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 9 habitus in dorsal view 10 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 11, male tergite VIII 12 male sternite VIII 13 female tergite VIII 14 female sternite VIII 15 spermatheca. Scale bars: 1 mm for habitus; 0.2 mm for remaining structures.
Named after Canada, the country of origin, and to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Canada.
Body length 2.0–3.0 mm, subparallel, yellowish brown with slightly darker head, moderately glossy, forebody with fine and dense pubescence, punctation fine; head subquadrate, eyes moderately large and shorter than postocular region of head, posterior angles rounded and slightly angular, pubescence directed straight and obliquely anteriad; antennomeres V-X strongly transverse, head slightly broader than pronotum; pronotum slightly transverse, posterior angles angular; elytra elongate, at suture longer than pronotum, and about one sixth wider than pronotum, abdomen subparallel, with first four visible tergites deeply impressed basally, males lacking tubercles on first and fifth visible tergites. MALE. Median lobe of aedeagus with tubus strongly produced ventrally, its venter sinuate with apex turned slightly upward, internal sac with complex structures as illustrated (Fig.
Known only from New Brunswick, Canada.
The holotype and three paratypes were captured on a partially shaded cobblestone bar near the outflow of brook along the Jacquet River. The adults were found under cobblestones and gravel in sand. One paratype was found along a river margin under a cobblestone among grasses away from the water’s edge. Adults were collected in May and June.
This species clearly belongs to a different species group than A. fusciceps, which has capsule of spermatheca entirely tubular.
Gyronycha valens Casey, 1894.
Body yellowish brown, narrow and linear, length 2.5–4.2 mm; forebody densely and finely pubescent; head round, as large as pronotum, eyes large, about as long as postocular area of head visible from above, posterior angles of head rounded, basal carina vestigial and visible only basally; antennomeres V-X slightly to strongly elongate; last palpomere needle-shaped; pronotum slightly transverse, widest in apical third, as long as head, densely pubescent, pubescence on midline of disc directed anteriad except posteriad basally, on sides anteriad and laterad, forming arcuate lines; elytra strongly elongate, one fifth broader than pronotum, at suture longer than pronotum, pubescence directed obliquely postriad; mesoventrite long, mesocoxae close; abdomen parallelsided, first four visible tergites with deep arcuate impressions, males with tubercles on first and fifth visible tergites; basal metatarsus as long as the following two combined, tarsi large; median lobe of aedeagus with strongly sinuate venter of tubus in lateral view, crista apicalis of bulbus moderately large, internal sac with complex sclerites; spermatheca with broadly and irregularly coiled stem, coils overlapping. New Brunswick specimens of this genus were found in gravel in a riparian habitat.
Gyronycha valens Casey (type species of the genus): 16 habitus in dorsal view 17 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 18 Paramere 19 male tergite VIII 20 male sternite VIII 21 dorsal projection on first visible male tergite; and 22 on fourth visible male tergite. Scale bars: 1 mm for habitus; 0.2 mm for remaining structures.
(female). CANADA, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge PNA, 47.8257°N, 66.0779°W, 24.V.2010, R.P. Webster coll. // partially shaded cobblestone bar near outflow of brook at Jacquet River, under cobblestones and gravel on sand (
The name of this new species, pseudoobscura, derives from a similar species of Gyronycha obscura Casey described from California, USA.
Body length 3.9–4.0 mm, subparallel, yellowish brown with head and pronotum and antennae dark brown, moderately glossy, forebody with fine and dense pubescence, punctation fine; head round, eyes moderately large and shorter than postocular region of head, posterior angles rounded, pubescence directed straight and obliquely anteriad; antennomeres V-X slightly elongate, head about as broad as pronotum; pronotum slightly transverse, posterior angles slightly angular; elytra elongate, at suture longer than pronotum, and about one fifth wider than pronotum, abdomen subparallel, with first visible four tergites deeply impressed basally. MALE. Unknown. FEMALE. Spermatheca with subspherical capsule, and with apical narrow, tubular and coiled apically projection, stem sinuate, with large, overlapping coils (Fig.
The holotype was captured under cobblestones and gravel on sand on a partially shaded cobblestone bar near the outflow of a brook flowing into the Jacquet River. The paratype was captured in gravel along a river margin.
This species is similar externally and has similar shape of spermatheca and female tergite and sternite VIII to those of G. obscura Casey. Gyronycha pseudoobscura may be distinguished from G. obscura by narrower body, dark brown color of head and pronotum (light brown in G. obscura), and the differently shaped pronotum with anterior angles rounded and strongly converging apically in apical part of the disc, while the pronotal angles are rectangular and moderately converging apically in G. obscura. The two species have allopatric distribution, and are known from remote and disjunctive localities in New Brunswick, Canada, and California, United States of America.
Taxon | Author | Original generic assignment | Distribution | Present taxonomic status |
Apimela attenuata | Casey, 1885: 306 | Calodera | CA, NV | Valid species [spermatheca illustrated by |
Apimela lineata | Casey, 1894: 376 | Gyronycha | NV | Synonymized with A. attenuata by As valid in |
Apimela fenyesi | Bernhauer, 1906: 337 | Aleuonota | CA | Valid species: |
Apimela fusciceps | Casey, 1894: 376 | Gyronycha | NB, NC, NY | Valid species. New combination |
Apimela lepida | Casey, 1911: 217 | Gyronycha | NC | New synonymy |
Apimela longipennis | Casey, 1911: 219 | Gyronychina | CA | As valid species Moore & Legner 1975: 343, |
Apimela longicornis | Casey, 1911: 217 | Gyronycha | NC, NY | Tentatively affiliated with Apimela. New combination |
Apimela pertenuis | Casey, 1894: 377 | Gyronycha | NJ | Status uncertain, not examined. New combination |
Apimela canadensis | Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. | Apimela | NB | Valid species |
Gyronycha obscura | Casey, 1894: 375 | Gyronycha | CA | Male unknown, species tentatively affiliated with Gyronycha |
Gyronycha pseudoobscura | Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. | Gyronycha | NB | Male unknown, species tentatively affiliated with Gyronycha |
Gyronycha texana | Casey, 1894: 374 | Gyronycha | TX | Valid species |
Gyronycha valens | Casey, 1894: 373 | Gyronycha | AZ, CA, IN, NC, NM, NY, SO, TX | Valid species |
We thank Floyd Shockley for loan of types form