Research Article |
Corresponding author: Andrew H. Baird ( hamiltonmahal@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Bert W. Hoeksema
© 2017 Andrew H. Baird, Mia O. Hoogenboom, Danwei Huang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Baird AH, Hoogenboom MO, Huang D (2017) Cyphastrea salae, a new species of hard coral from Lord Howe Island, Australia (Scleractinia, Merulinidae). ZooKeys 662: 49-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.662.11454
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A new zooxanthellate reef-dwelling scleractinian coral species, Cyphastrea salae sp. n. (Scleractinia, Merulinidae), is described from Lord Howe Island Australia. The new species can be distinguished morphologically from the only other congeneric species on Lord Howe Island, C. microphthalma, by the number of primary septa (12 vs. 10) and the much taller corallites (mean ± SE: 1.0 ± 0.07 mm v 0.4 ± 0.04 mm). The relationship of C. salae to four of the other eleven currently accepted species in the genus was explored through analyses of nuclear (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (noncoding intergenic region) gene sequences. Cyphastrea salae sp. n. forms a strongly supported clade that is distinct from a clade containing three species found commonly in Australia, C. chalcidicum, C. serailia, and C. microphthalma. One specimen was also found in the Solitary Islands, another high latitude location in south-eastern Australia. The discovery of a new species in the genus Cyphastrea on high latitude reefs in south-eastern Australia suggests that other new species might be found among more diverse genera represented here and that the scleractinian fauna of these isolated locations is more distinct than previously recognised.
Biodiversity, biogeography, cnidarian, coral reefs, phylogenetics
The Indo-Pacific scleractinian genus Cyphastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848, is one of the most distinctive genera in the recently revised family Merulinidae Verrill, 1865 (
Lord Howe Island is a World Heritage-listed marine protected area in the Tasman Sea with highly distinctive marine fauna including nine endemic fish species (
The aim of this paper is to describe a new species, Cyphastrea salae sp n. and also to determine the number of species within the genus on Lord Howe Island. A total of three Cyphastrea spp. has been reported from Lord Howe Island:
Sampling. Specimens of Cyphastrea species were sampled using snorkel or SCUBA diving during several trips to Lord Howe Island and the Solitary Islands in eastern Australia (Appendix
The holotype and two paratypes of Cyphastrea salae sp. n. have been deposited at the Australian Museum (
Imaging and measurements. Images of skeletons were taken with a Canon G12. In addition, a small fragment of clean skeleton was chosen from representative specimens and mounted on a stub using double-sided carbon tape, sputter-coated with a 3nm layer of conductive gold-palladium (AuPd) film and examined using a Jeol JSM5410LVscanning electron microscope at the Advanced Analytical Centre at James Cook University.
To visualise the cross-sectional microstructure of the coralla, corallites were cut from each specimen transversely and then impregnated with epoxy and sectioned to a thickness of ~30 μm following
Morphometric measurements. The following variables were measured under a dissecting light microscope with an eyepiece micrometre at 20x magnification on five haphazardly selected corallites from each colony sample; corallite maximum diameter (maximum diameter from outer wall to outer wall), calyx maximum diameter (maximum diameter from the inner wall to inner wall), columella maximum diameter, corallite maximum height above the coenosteum (Appendix
DNA extraction and molecular analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample using the Qiagen DNeasy kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols followed
Sequences were organised into two separate data matrices using Mesquite 3.03 (Maddison and Maddison 2015), and supplemented with data of C. chalcidicum, C. microphthalma and C. serailia from previously-published analyses (
Three optimality criteria were used to reconstruct phylogeny separately for each molecular marker. First, the maximum likelihood tree under the GTRGAMMA model was inferred using RAxML 8.0.9 (
Corals are colonial by extracalicular budding. The coenosteum is typically spinose and corallites are small (< 4 mm diameter) with low relief (< 3 mm). Septa are in at most three cycles and paliform lobes are usually present. Septal teeth are multiaxial, low (< 0.3 mm) and closely set (< 0.3 mm). Walls are formed primarily by septotheca. Costa and septum centre clusters are weak, there is between 0.3–0.6 mm between costa clusters and < 0.3 mm between septum clusters.
Holotype: Australian Museum
Cyphastrea salae is found on Lord Howe Island and in the Solitary Islands, where it is the only Cyphastrae species with 12 primary septa.
The holotype is part of a hillocky colony approximately 50 cm width by 50 cm deep by 50 cm height of a tan colour (Fig.
The most common morphology of colonies in the lagoon at Lord Howe Island is hillocky like the holotype, however, some coralla are massive (e.g. 81_1414; Figure
In general, there were few differences in the measured features of the corallites of C. salae and C. microphthalma. In particular, corallite and calyx diameter were remarkably similar between the two species (Table
Summary statistics of morphological variables for Cyphastrea salae (n = 55) and C. microphthalma (n = 40). Measurements in mm.
Variable | Cyphastrea salae | Cyphastrea microphthalma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (se) | Maximum | Minimum | Mean (se) | Maximum | Minimum | |
Corallite diameter | 2.3 (0.05) | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 (0.05) | 3.0 | 1.7 |
Calyx diameter | 1.8 (0.04) | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 (0.04) | 2.5 | 1.3 |
Columella diameter | 0.6 (0.02) | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 (0.02) | 1.0 | 0.4 |
Corallite height | 1.0 (0.07) | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 (0.04) | 0.8 | 0.0 |
Corallites per cm2 | 9.6 (0.30) | 14.0 | 5.0 | 11.4 (0.35) | 16.0 | 7.0 |
Number of primary septa | 12.0 (0.15) | 17 | 10 | 10.0 (0.12) | 12 | 7 |
The two species are difficult to distinguish in the field based on gross morphology. Cyphastrea microphthalma most frequently forms hillocky colonies (Figure
Molecular analyses revealed a monophyletic Cyphastrea with two major clades (Figure
Cyphastrea salae and C. microphthalma originated from two distinct lineages. Cyphastrea salae formed a well-supported monophyletic group under all analyses, and is sister group to the branching C. cf. decadia (Figure
Maximum likelihood phylogenies based on the nuclear 28S rDNA (left) and mitochondrial noncoding intergenic region (right). Taxa in grey are outgroups. Cyphastrea salae sp. n. and C. microphthalma in red and blue respectively. Numbers adjacent to each branch represent support values (maximum likelihood bootstrap ≥ 50; Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.85; maximum parsimony bootstrap ≥ 50).
The species is named after Dr Sally Keith and Ms Sallyann Gudge, who have both made significant contributions to understanding and protecting the coral reefs of Lord Howe Island.
Cyphastrea salae is common in the lagoon at Lord Howe Island where it commonly co-occurs with C. microphthalma. It has been recorded to 18 m depth outside the lagoon. One colony has been positively identified using the molecular markers from Solitary Islands, where it is sympatric with C. microphthalma. Cyphastrea salae has yet to be recorded in extensive sampling on the Great Barrier Reef and no sequences are present in GenBank.
Cyphastrea salae sp. n. is genetically distinct from all other Cyphastrea sampled to date, forming a well-supported clade possibly closely related to C. cf. decadia from Fiji. All 18 specimens of Cyphastrea from Lord Howe Island fell into one of two clades suggesting that there are only two species on Lord Howe Island. Cyphastrea salae is also morphologically distinct from C. microphthalma on Lord Howe Island; in particular, the corallites are taller and the modal number of septa is 12 in C. salae vs. 10 in C. microphthalma (Table
Amidst the polyphyly of C. chalcidicum and the poor support of 28S rDNA for C. microphthalma, the strong cohesion of C. salae is remarkable. The recovery of the massive C. salae as sister group to a branching specimen identified as C. cf. decadia from Fiji further highlights recent work demonstrating that morphology is a poor indicator of phylogeny (
The number of primary septa is a highly reliable character for distinguishing between these two species on Lord Howe Island. The modal number of primary septa in a random sample of five polyps per colony correctly places all colonies in each molecular clade. Following Veron (2000), C. salae keys to C. serailia on the basis of its massive growth form, equal costae and 12 primary septa that are not irregularly exsert. Cyphastrea salae can be distinguished from C. serailia by the fact that corallites are mostly one size vs. mixed in C. serailia.
The spawning times also indicate a potential reproductive barrier to cross-fertilization between the species on Lord Howe Island. Five colonies of C. microphthalma released bundles of sperm and eggs on 19 January 2012 at 21:10 h and one colony of C. salae sp. n. released bundles of sperm and eggs on 20 January at 20:30 h (
The global distribution of C. salae remains uncertain. One specimen has been identified in collections from the Solitary Islands (Table
We thank Ann F. Budd for laboratory support and advice, Matthew Wortel (Petrographic Facilities, University of Iowa) for preparing the thin sections, Margerite Jean-Jean and Vivian Cumbo for preparing samples for SEM and for collecting much of the morphometric data, the Advanced Analytical Centre at JCU for assistance with the SEM, Sally Keith and Erika Woolsey for assistance in the field, Sallyann Gudge, Ian Kerr and the Lord Howe Island Board for logistical support on Lord Howe Island and Roberto Arrigoni and one anonymous reviewer for advice on improving the manuscript. Funds were provided by the US National Science Foundation grant DEB-1145043-1145408, National University of Singapore Start-up Grant R-154-000-698-651, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence programme.
Specimen | Species | Location | Site | Latitude / Longitude | Depth_m | Date | Type | Aust_Mus_accession number |
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 12/01/2012 | ||
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | voucher | G.18226 |
81_1641 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | voucher | G.18225 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | Horseshoe Reef | -31.5371, 159.0649 | 1 | 22/01/2012 | voucher | G.18227 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | Horseshoe Reef | -31.5371, 159.0649 | 1 | 22/01/2012 | ||
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | Lord Howe Island | Horseshoe Reef | -31.5371, 159.0649 | 1 | 22/01/2012 | ||
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | South Flat | -31.5611, 159.0741 | 1 | 20/01/2012 | holotype | G.18222 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | Horseshoe Reef | -31.5371, 159.0649 | 1 | 22/01/2012 | ||
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | Malabar | -31.5115, 159.0575 | 8 | 22/01/2012 | paratype | G.18223 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | Malabar West | -31.5118, 159.0508 | 10 | 20/03/2013 | paratype | G.18224 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | Lord Howe Island | North Bay | -31.5214, 159.0468 | 1 | 21/01/2012 | ||
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | South Solitary Island | Buchanen’s Wall | -30.2063, 153.2657 | 8 | 6/03/2013 | voucher | G.18221 |
colony | species_molecular | corallite_number | corallite_diameter mm | calyx_diameter mm | columella_diameter mm | corallite_height | speta_no_primary | corallitescm-2 | septal_cycles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 10 | 9 | 2 |
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1605 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 11 | 14 | 2 |
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 10 | 14 | 2 |
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 18 | 12 | 3 |
81_1612 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 11 | 8 | 2 |
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 10 | 8 | 2 |
81_1657 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 9 | 10 | 2 |
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 10 | 7 | 2 |
81_1660 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 7 | 13 | 2 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 10 | 16 | 2 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 10 | 15 | 2 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 9 | 11 | 2 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 9 | 13 | 2 |
81_1681 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 11 | 15 | 2 |
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 10 | 16 | 2 |
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
81_1757 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 10 | 13 | 2 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 10 | 8 | 2 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 10 | 14 | 2 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
81_1762 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 10 | 13 | 2 |
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 1 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 2 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 9 | 10 | 2 |
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 3 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 10 | 9 | 2 |
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 4 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 10 | 13 | 2 |
81_1772 | Cyphastrea microphthalma | 5 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 11 | 14 | 2 |
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 15 | 11 | 3 |
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 12 | 11 | 2 |
79_3953 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 12 | 14 | 2 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 13 | 9 | 2 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 11 | 8 | 2 |
81_1406 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 11 | 7 | 2 |
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 17 | 10 | 3 |
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 11 | 9 | 2 |
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 16 | 14 | 3 |
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 11 | 8 | 2 |
81_1409 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 11 | 11 | 2 |
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 12 | 13 | 2 |
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1414 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 11 | 12 | 2 |
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 12 | 5 | 2 |
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 12 | 5 | 2 |
81_1530 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_1597 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1597 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_1597 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 15 | 7 | 2 |
81_1597 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1597 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
81_1601 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
81_1601 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 10 | 8 | 2 |
81_1601 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 10 | 12 | 2 |
81_1601 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 10 | 14 | 2 |
81_1601 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 13 | 9 | 2 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 13 | 11 | 2 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1625 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 11 | 10 | 2 |
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1629 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 12 | 12 | 2 |
81_1638 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 10 | 13 | 2 |
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 12 | 12 | 2 |
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 12 | 14 | 2 |
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 12 | 11 | 2 |
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 12 | 14 | 2 |
81_1765 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 12 | 11 | 2 |
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 12 | 6 | 2 |
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 11 | 7 | 2 |
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 11 | 9 | 2 |
81_1822 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | 1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | 2 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 12 | 8 | 2 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | 3 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 12 | 10 | 2 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | 4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
81_4749 | Cyphastrea salae | 5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 12 | 8 | 2 |