Research Article |
Corresponding author: Guo Zheng ( zhg1027@yahoo.com.cn ) Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2017 Xiaoqing Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Guo Zheng, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zheng G, Li S (2017) A survey of five Pireneitega species (Agelenidae, Coelotinae) from China. ZooKeys 663: 45-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11356
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Five species of Pireneitega spiders from China are surveyed, of which three are new to science: P. huashanensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. lushuiensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), P. xiyankouensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). Two known species are redescribed: P. liansui (Bao & Yin, 2004) and P. triglochinata (Zhu & Wang, 1991). The males of P. liansui and P. triglochinata (Zhu & Wang, 1991) are described for the first time. DNA barcodes for five species are documented for future use and as proof of molecular differences between species.
Taxonomy, description, diagnosis, East Asia, Paracoelotes
Coelotinae is the largest subfamily of Agelenidae, with 25 genera and 676 valid species distributed in the Holarctic and southeast Asia (
During the study of Pireneitega spiders from China, five interesting species were found. The goal of this paper is to provide descriptions of three new species and redescriptions of two poorly known species.
Specimens were examined with a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Images were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Epigynes and male palps were examined after dissection from the spiders’ bodies. The epigyne was cleared by boiling it in 10% KOH solution before taking photos of the vulva. All measurements were obtained using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: Total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Only structures (palp and legs) of the left side of the body are described and measured.
Terminology used for copulatory organ characters in the text and figure legends follows
DNA barcodes were obtained for future use: a partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and sequenced for these 5 species using primers LCO1490-oono (5’-CWACAAAYCATARRGATATTGG-3’) (
Species | GenBank accession number | Sequence length | Collection localities (all in China) |
---|---|---|---|
P. huashanensis sp. n. | KY593329 | 1194bp | Shaanxi Prov.: Huayin Prefecture: Mt. Huashan |
P. liansui | KY593330 | 1194bp | Hunnan Prov.: Daoxian Co. |
P. lushuiensis sp. n. | KY593327 | 1194bp | Yunnan Prov.: Lushui Co. |
P. triglochinata | KY593328 | 1194bp | Sichuan Prov.: Mt. Emei |
P. xiyankouensis sp. n. | KY593331 | 1194bp | Guangxi Prov.: Yizhou City |
All specimens (including molecular vouchers) are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
Pireneitega Kishida, 1955: 11. Type species Amaurobius roscidus L. Koch, 1868 (= P. segestriformis (Dufour, 1820)) from Germany.
Paracoelotes Brignoli, 1982: 348. Type species Coelotes armeniacus Brignoli, 1978 from Turkey.
Females of Pireneitega can be distinguished from all other coelotine genera by the widely separated epigynal teeth, the large atrium with subparallel margins, and the broad copulatory ducts (Fig.
Holotype ♂: China: Shaanxi: Huayin Prefecture: Mt. Huashan, Duyukou Village, 34°31'42"N, 110°07'22"E, 530 m, 30.IX.2013, Y. Li and J. Liu. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 4♀1♂, same area, 34°32'46"N, 110°07'06"E, 536 m, 2.X.2016, Z. Zhao and X. Zhang.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male can be distinguished from all other Pireneitega species except P. luniformis (Zhu & Wang, 1994) by having a tapering conductor tip and longer cymbial furrow. From P. luniformis, it can be distinguished by the elongate embolus base and the larger diameter of the conductor’s loop, approximately six times the width of the conductor (vs the small embolus base and the small diameter of the conductor’s loop in P. luniformis) (Fig.
Male (holotype): Total length 5.09. Carapace 2.40 long, 1.85 wide. Abdomen 2.69 long, 1.75 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.18, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.05. Leg measurements: I: 8.50 (2.50, 2.75, 2.00, 1.25); II: 7.50 (2.25, 2.25, 1.75, 1.25); III: 6.85 (2.00, 2.10, 1.75, 1.00); IV: 9.30 (2.55, 3.00, 2.50, 1.25). Carapace greenish, with black lateral margins, radial grooves indistinct. Abdomen blackish, with yellow herringbone pattern. Palp as in Fig.
Spination in male:
Female (paratype): Total length 8.5. Carapace 3.5 long, 2.9 wide. Abdomen 5.0 long, 2.9 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.20, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 10.25 (3.00, 3.50, 2.25, 1.50); II: 8.30 (2.50, 3.00, 1.80, 1.00); III: 8.00 (2.40, 2.75, 1.85, 1.00); IV: 11.55 (3.50, 3.75, 3.00, 1.30). Carapace brown. Abdomen black with yellow spots and herringbone pattern. Epigyne as in Fig.
Spination in female:
Known only from Shanxi (Fig.
Coelotes liansui Bao & Yin, 2004: 455, figs 1–3 (♀). Holotype ♀ from Hunan, Daoxian County, 25°31'N, 111°36'E. Types lost (originally at College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University).
Pireneitega liansui : Wang & Jäger 2007: 46 (transfer from Coelotes).
Paracoelotes
liansui
:
3♀1♂, China: Hunan: Daoxian County: Dongzhou Village, 25°31'45"N, 111°36'17"E, 168 m, 5.XI.2016, H. Yang.
The male can be distinguished from all other Pireneitega species except P. involuta (
Female (Fig.
Male: Total length 10.0. Carapace 5.0 long, 3.75 wide. Abdomen 5.0 long, 3.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.30, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 15.75 (4.50, 5.00, 4.00, 2.25); II: 14.45 (4.25, 4.50, 3.70, 20); III: 13.55 (4.00, 4.50, 3.30, 1.75); IV: 17.00 (5.00, 5.50, 4.50, 2.00). Carapace brown, the radial grooves distinct. Abdomen whitish, with green herringbone pattern. Palp as in Fig.
Spination in male:
Known only from Hunan (Fig.
The male of P. liansui is described for the first time.
Holotype ♂: China: Yunnan: Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui County, Pianma Town, 25°59'52"N, 98°37'53"E, 2257 m, 28.VI.2016, Y. Li, M. Xu & M. Hu. Paratypes: 8♀5♂, same data as holotype; 3♀2♂, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui County, 25°59'38"N, 98°39'42"E, 2337 m, 29.VI.2016, Y. Li, M. Xu & M. Hu; 7♀, Baoshan Prefecture, Tengchong City, Mangbang Town, Changlinggan Village, 24°58'07"N, 98°36'54"E, 2032 m, 23.VI.2013, Z. Zhao & J. Liu; 2♀1♂, Baoshan Prefecture, Tengchong City, Mt. Gaoligong National Park, 24°49'44"N, 98°46'03"E, 2177 m, 21–22.VI.2013, Z. Zhao and J. Liu; 10♀, Baoshan Prefecture, Tengchong City, Mingguang Town, Xinjie, Yunyan Temple, 25°29'19"N, 98°32'35"E, 1797 m, 28.XI.2013, Y. Li & J. Liu.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male can be distinguished from all other Pireneitega species except P. huashanensis and P. luniformis, by having a longer cymbial furrow and the arched tip of conductor. From P. huashanensis it can be distinguished by the thick tip of the patellar apophysis and the narrow and straight embolus base (vs the thin tip of the patellar apophysis and the elongate embolus base in P. huashanensis, and the tapering tip of the patellar apophysis, and the small and nearly triangular embolus base in P. luniformis) (Figs
Male (holotype): Total length 9.50. Carapace 4.75 long, 3.50 wide. Abdomen 4.75 long, 2.75 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.20, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 16.25 (4.75, 5.25, 4.00, 2.25); II: 15.00 (4.50, 5.00, 3.50, 2.00); III: 13.00 (4.00, 4.25, 3.00, 1.75); IV: 17.15 (5.00, 5.50, 4.65, 2.00). Carapace yellow with black lateral margins, radial grooves distinct. Abdomen blackish, with gray herringbone pattern. Palp as in Fig.
Spination in male:
Female (paratype): Total length 10.25. Carapace 4.00 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen 6.25 long, 3.75 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.20, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: 11.75 (4.00, 4.25, 3.00, 1.50); II: 11.50 (3.50, 4.00, 2.50, 1.50); III: 10.65 (3.35, 3.50, 2.50, 1.30); IV: 14.35 (4.25, 5.00, 3.50, 1.60). Carapace yellow. Abdomen yellow, with black spots and herringbone pattern. Epigyne as in Fig.
Spination in female:
Known only from Yunnan (Fig.
Coelotes triglochinatus Zhu & Wang, 1991: 1, figs 1–4 (♀ only, male mismatched). Holotype ♀: China: Sichuan: Mt. Emei. Types lost (originally at Jilin University).
Coelotes
triglochinatus
:
Pireneitega triglochinata : Wang & Jäger 2007: 48 (transfer from Coelotes).
China: Sichuan: 2♂, Mt. Emei, Yuanhong Cave, 29°34'08"N, 103°24'32"E, 858 m, 29.IX.2016, Z. Zhao & X. Zhang; 2♀5♂, Mt. Emei, 29°34'11"N, 103°25'36"E, 834 m, 29.IX.2016, Z. Zhao & X. Zhang.
The male can be distinguished from all other Pireneitega species except P. involuta and P. liansui by having a broad conductor, the width of the conductor is about 1/5 of the loop diameter. From P. involuta it can be distinguished by the embolus base, beginning at the 6:00 o’clock position (vs beginning at the 6:30 o’clock position in P. involuta). From P. liansui it can be distinguished by the tapering tip of the patellar apophysis (vs a bifurcate tip in P. liansui). (Figs
Male: Total length 9.25. Carapace 4.75 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen 4.50 long, 3.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.25, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 15.75 (4.50, 5.25, 4.00, 2.00); II: 14.00 (4.25, 4.50, 3.50, 1.75); III: 12.45 (3.75, 4.10, 3.00, 1.60); IV: 16.30 (4.75, 5.25, 4.30, 2.00). Carapace brown, radial grooves indistinct. Abdomen yellow with black herringbone pattern. Palp as in Fig.
Spination in male:
Female: Total length 9.75. Carapace 5.00 long, 4.00 wide. Abdomen 4.75 long, 3.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.20, PME 0.25, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 14.00 (4.50, 4.75, 3.25, 1.50); II: 13.20 (4.20, 4.50, 3.00, 1.50); III: 12.05 (4.00, 4.00, 2.80, 1.25); IV: 14.50 (4.75, 4.75, 3.50, 1.50). Carapace yellow. Abdomen black with yellow spots and herringbone pattern. Epigyne as in Fig.
Spination in female:
Known only from Sichuan (Fig.
The DNA barcode of the male described here matches that of the female. In the original species description of Coelotes triglochinatus, the female holotype and male ‘allotype’ were not correctly matched (
Holotype ♂: China: Guangxi: Hechi Prefecture: Yizhou City: Xiyankou Village, Mt. Baihu, Xiannvyan, 24°29'17"N, 108°34'02"E, 110 m, 11.XII.2012, Z. Chen & Z. Zhao. Paratypes: 2♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, Hechi Prefecture: Donglan County: Sanshi Town: Gongping Village, unnamed cave, 24°21'44"N, 107°23'11"E, 383 m, 11.II.2015, Y. Li & Z. Chen; 1♀, Hechi Prefecture: Donglan County: Bala Village, unnamed cave, 24°26'37"N, 107°20'50"E, 385 m, 18.III.2015, Y. Li & Z. Chen; 2♀1♂, Hechi Prefecture: Nandan County: Chengguan Town, unnamed cave, 25°02'11"N, 107°25'00"E, 559 m, 2.II.2015, Y. Li & Z. Chen; 1♀1♂, Chongzuo Prefecture: Daxin County: Fulong Town: Pingliang Village, Banzhongtun, Shuiniu Cave, 22°57'55"N, 107°28'12"E, 248 m, 24.XII.2012, Z. Chen & Z. Zhao; 3♀2♂, Baise Prefecture: Debao County: Yandong Town: Yandong Village, Chuanshan Cave, 23°10'00"N, 106°40'01"E, 596 m, 20.XII.2012, Z. Chen & Z. Zhao; 1♀, Chongzuo Prefecture: Pingxiang City: Liancheng County, Baiyu Cave, 22°07'44"N, 106°45'55"E, 326 m, 28.XII.2012, Z. Chen & Z. Zhao; 1♀, Chongzuo Prefecture: Tiandeng County: Dukang Town: Bakong Village, Yuanliutun, entrance to unnamed cave, 23°06'45"N, 107°04'33"E, 457 m, 26.XII.2012, Z. Chen & Z. Zhao.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
The male can be distinguished from all other Pireneitega species except P. involuta, P. liansui and P. triglochinata by having a broad conductor, the width of the conductor about 1/5 of loop diameter. From P. involuta it can be distinguished by the bifurcate tip of the patellar apophysis (vs a tapering tip in P. involuta and P. triglochinata). From P. liansui it can be distinguished by the short cymbial furrow, about 0.3 times the length of the cymbium (vs a long cymbial furrow in P. liansui, more than half the length of the cymbium) (Figs
Male (holotype): Total length 9.60. Carapace 4.25 long, 3.75 wide. Abdomen 5.35 long, 3.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.30, PME 0.30, PLE 0.25; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 18.85 (5.00, 6.50, 4.85, 2.50); II: 17.25 (4.75, 5.75, 4.50, 2.25); III: 15.70 (4.45, 5.00, 4.25, 2.00); IV: 20.35 (5.50, 6.60, 5.75, 2.50). Carapace yellow, radial grooves distinct, with black lateral margins. Abdomen brown with yellow herringbone pattern. Palp as in Fig.
Spination in male:
Female (paratype): Total length 10.90. Carapace 5.13 long, 3.95 wide. Abdomen 5.77 long, 3.75 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.35, PME 0.26, PLE 0.26; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.24, PME-PLE 0.28. Leg measurements: I: 15.75 (4.50, 5.50, 4.00, 1.75); II: 14.60 (4.25, 5.10, 3.50, 1.75); III: 13.60 (4.10, 4.50, 3.50, 1.50); IV: 16.90 (4.75, 5.65, 4.75, 1.75). Carapace yellow. Abdomen brown with yellow spots and herringbone pattern. Epigyne as in Fig.
Spination in female:
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri M. Marusik (Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Russia), Alexander A. Fomichev (Altai State University, Russia), Mykola Kovblyuk (V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, the Crimea). Sarah Crews (California Academy of Sciences, USA) kindly checked English of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI005, Y4ZK111B01) to Shuqiang Li, the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China to Guo Zheng (NSFC-31372224, 31672315) and Shuqiang Li (NSFC-31530067, 31471960).