Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae)

Štěpán Kubík; Miroslav Barták

doi:10.3897/zookeys.667.10758

Research Article

Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae)

Štěpán Kubík^‡, Miroslav Barták^‡

‡ Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

Corresponding author: Štěpán Kubík ( kubik@af.czu.cz )

Academic editor: Alessandra Rung

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Kubík S, Barták M (2017) Frit flies of Turkey with descriptions of two new species and new records (Diptera, Chloropidae). ZooKeys 667: 131-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.10758

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A6C9E966-4BCF-48C6-9556-88F9262BC0AF

Abstract

Faunistic records for 88 frit flies species from southwestern Turkey (Muğla province) and from Samsun (north Turkey) are given. Two species, Dicraeus civeleki sp. n., and Meromyza samsunensis sp. n., are described as new to science. Altogether, nine genera (Calamoncosis, Eribolus, Gaurax, Incertella, Speccafrons, Trachysiphonella, Chloropsina, Eutropha, and Lagaroceras) and 46 species are recorded for the first time from Turkey.

Keywords

Acalyptratae , Dicraeus , Diptera , Meromyza , Turkey

Introduction

Frit flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) are small to medium sized flies, adult body length 1.5–5.0 mm, rarely larger, with reduced bristling. Body colour very variable, most species are entirely black, and often with metallic sheen (subfamily Oscinellinae, Siphonellopsinae, Rhodesiellinae), whereas some species are yellow with black, red or brown longitudinal stripes on the scutum (subfamily Chloropinae). The adults occur in various marshy habitats, in deciduous woods, in damp meadows and in open areas. Chloropid larvae have varied feeding habits. Many species are phytophagous, and some of those damage cereals and other grasses. There are also saprophagous species, a few species that have been bred from fungi, and some predaceous species.

The family Chloropidae has not been an object of focused investigation in Turkey. Only two species, Scoliophthalmus civeleki and Elachiptera bimaculata, were included in the first Turkish checklist of Diptera (Koçak and Kemal 2009). Nartshuk (2012) summarized all published historical data, identified several specimens from Turkey, and published a more complete list in which she listed 64 species from 31 genera and 4 subfamilies. Koçak and Kemal (2013) took over the list of species from Nartshuk (2012) but forgot to include the work of Deeming and Al-Dhafer (2012) with the first record of Rhodesiella fedtshenkoi from Turkey. Kubik et al (2016) described Tricimba dursuni from Turkey as new to science. Two other species described as new to science in the current paper and 46 species recorded for the first time from Turkey increasing the total number of known Turkish species to 114.

Materials and methods

The studied material, unless stated otherwise, was collected between 2011–2015 by M. Barták and Š. Kubík, and it is deposited in the collection of the Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague. It originates from southwestern and northern Turkey, mainly from the Muğla province and, to a lesser extent, also from the city of Samsun (Samsun province). The specimens were collected by Malaise traps (MT) and yellow and white pan water traps (PT), or they were swept from vegetation (SW). Most of the specimens were originally preserved in alcohol and were dried and mounted later on using the method described by Barták (1997). The genitalia of the described species here were macerated in 10 % KOH (24 hours, room temperature) and later stored together with the specimens on plastic tags and fixed with butyl-methacrylate copolymer of methyl-methacrylate, xylene. The genitalia and individual species were photographed using a Nikon D300 digital camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ-U microscope and images were edited with the computer software NIS-Elements 3.0. On average, each final image is a stack from 15 layers. Images were improved using the software Adobe Photoshop, genitalia served as models for outline of hand drawn illustrations; details were added by direct observation of the genitalia.

The morphological terms used here follow Merz and Haenni (2000). The distribution of species, unless stated otherwise, was taken from Nartshuk (2012, 2013). The species recorded here with for the first time from Turkey are marked by an asterisk and males, females are abbreviated M, F, respectively.

List of species

Subfamily: Siphonellopsinae

Apotropina longepilosa (Strobl, 1893)

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

Distribution

Widely distributed in the southern Palaearctic Region, from Europe to the Russian Far East and Mongolia.

Siphonellopsis lacteibasis Strobl, 1906

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16''N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F.

Distribution

From southern Europe and North Africa to Central Asia.

Subfamily: Rhodesiellinae

Rhodesiella fedtshenkoi Nartshuk, 1978

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 6M and 5F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M and 2F.

Distribution

the species was described from Kyrgyzstan and further recorded from Japan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Greece, Macedonia and Cyprus. Deeming and Al-Dhafer (2012) recorded this species from Turkey for the first time.

Scoliophthalmus civeleki Deeming, 2006

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 2M.

Distribution

originally described and hitherto known only from Turkey.

* Scoliophthalmus trapezoides Becker, 1903

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M.

Distribution

described from Egypt and further recorded from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroun, South Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Israel and Cyprus.

Subfamily: Oscinellinae

Aphanotrigonum bicolor Nartshuk, 1964

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'35"E, 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, 40 m, forest, SW + PT, 37°03'21"N, 28°19'09"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 1M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M.

Distribution

southern Palaearctc Region, from Hungary to Central Asia.

Aphanotrigonum femorellum (Collin, 1946)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 5M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 14M and 18F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

a widely distributed but rare Palaearctic species, known from Europe and North Africa to Oman and Mongolia.

* Aphanotrigonum inerme Collin, 1946

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 3M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

Distribution

West Palaearctic species.

* Aphanotrigonum parahastatum Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Material examined

Turkey: Gökçeova Gölü, lake shore, 1 750 m, 37°03'42.52"N, 28°48'28.42"E, 20.ix.2012, 12M and 14F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 18M and 7F; Turkey: Muğla, University, campus, PT, 700 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'21"E, 21.–24.ix.2012, 10M and 14F,: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

a mediterranean species, known from the North Africa, Greek mainland, French mainland, Crete and Bulgaria.

* Calamoncosis duinensis (Strobl, 1909)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M and 3F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M.

Distribution

a widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Conioscinella frontella (Fallén, 1820)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

Distribution

a widely distributed Palaearctic species, known from Europe to Israel and Mongolia.

*Dicraeus (Dicraeus) agropyri Nartshuk, 1964

Material examined

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200 m, 37°14'50"N, 28°30'E, 23.–27.vi.2015, 2M.

Distribution

the species is known from Russia East, Russia South, Ukraine and East Palaearctic.

* Dicraeus beschovskii Nartshuk, 2010

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 1F, Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

Distribution

described and hitherto known only from Greece.

Dicraeus raptus (Holiday, 1838)

Material examined

Turkey: 12km SW of Muğla, Ferula communis, 660 m, 37°07'40"N, 28°16'28"E, 23.v. 2011, 1M; Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M.

Distribution

this species was recorded from West Europe and from the Crimea.

Dicraeus tibialis (Macquart, 1835)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, MT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, H. Kavak, 26.v.–26.vi.2015, 2M and 1F.

Distribution

Holarctic species.

Elachiptera bimaculata (Loew, 1858)

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

southern Europe, Canary Islands, Madeira, Israel.

* Elachiptera brevipennis (Meigen, 1830)

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed in the West Palaearctic Region.

Elachiptera cornuta (Fallén, 1820)

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 1M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region.

*Elachiptera graeca Becker, 1910

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 8M and 4F.

Distribution

Mediterranean species

Elachiptera rufifrons Duda, 1932

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 2M.

Distribution

southern Eurasian species, known from Spain to China.

* Elachiptera sarda Nartshuk, 2009

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 3F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M and 2F; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

Distribution

this species was described from Italia, Sardegna and further known from the Balearic Islands.

* Eribolus hungaricus Becker, 1910

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M and 2F.

Distribution

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

* Gaurax fascipes Becker, 1910

Material examined

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

* Gaurax niger Czerny, 1906

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed West Palaearctic species.

Hapleginella laevifrons (Loew, 1858)

Material examined

Turkey: 11km E of Muğla, pine wood + meadow, 1310m, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 23.v.2011, 1M.

Distribution

Eurasian species

* Incertella zuercheri (Collin, 1946)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 6M and 2F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 2M and 2F.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Lasiambia albidipennis (Strobl, 1893)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, 26.–27.vi.2015, 1M; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, Foeniculus flowers, 460 m, 37°22'12"N, 28°09'22"E, 30.vi.2015, 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi.–1.vii.2015, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known from southern Europe, Kazakhstan, and Asia Minor.

Lasiambia brevibucca (Duda, 1933)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known from Europe, Turkey and Iran.

* Lasiambia coxalis (von Roser, 1840)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, 26.–27.vi.2015, 2M.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

* Lasiambia fycoperda (Becker, 1910)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, 700 m, 37°09'41"N, 28°22'21"E, Malaise trap, edge of pine wood, xi.2012–iii.2013, 4M and 2F.

Distribution

this species is known from Southern Europe

Lasiochaeta pubescens (Thalhammer, 1898)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 15M and 12F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 10M and 5F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 12M and 24F.

Distribution

common and widely distributed species in the southern Palaearctic Region, from Azores and Madeira to Afghanistan, recently spreading as north as England and Northern Germany.

* Lipara rufitarsis Loew, 1858

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, , 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1M Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

Distribution

widely distributed Holarctic species.

* Lipara similis Schiner, 1854

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Oscinimorpha arcuata (Duda, 1932)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, 40 m, forest, SW + PT, 37°03'21"N, 28°19'09"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 6F.

Distribution

West Palaearctic species.

Oscinimorpha longirostris (Loew, 1858)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 12M and 10F.

Distribution

mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe, and North Africa to Israel.

* Oscinimorpha minutissima (Strobl, 1900)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m. 3M; Turkey: Muğla, 700 m, University campus, SW + PT, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'21"E, 29.iv.–10.v.2013, 2M.

Distribution

this species is known from North Africa and West Palaearctic Region.

Oscinimorpha novakii (Strobl, 1893)

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 10M and 6F.

Distribution

mediterranean species, known from the Canary Islands, southern Europe to Israel.

Polyodaspis splendida Nartshuk, 2012

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 4M and 3F; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, Foeniculus flowers, 460 m, 37°22'12"N, 28°09'22"E, 30.vi.2015, 1M

Distribution

this species is known only from Turkey.

Polyodaspis sulcicollis (Meigen, 1838)

Material examined

Turkey: 11km E of Muğla, pine wood + meadow, 1310m, 37°12'45"N, 28°27'42"E, 1.v.2013, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 5M and 6F; Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, Foeniculus flowers, 460 m, 37°22'12"N, 28°09'22"E, 30.vi.2015, 3M and 4F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, SW + YPWT, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 28.–30.vi.2015, 5M and 6F

Distribution

this species is distributed in Europe, the mediterranean subregion, and in Palaearctic Asia eastwards to Yakutia and Mongolia.

Sabroskyina aharonii (Duda, 1933)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°03'N, 28°20'E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 5M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 6M and 5F; Turkey: Dalyan, orchard, 4 m, 36°49'37"N, 28°39'39"E, 24.ix.2012, 32M and 43F;

Distribution

the species was previously known from Turkey to Pakistan and Israel, Africa from Egypt to Chad, Seychelles, and Cape Verde Islands.

* Speccafrons genavensis Merz, 2008

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2 F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 2M and 2F.

Distribution

described and hitherto known only from Switzerland.

* Trachysiphonella carinifacies Nartshuk, 1964

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M and 2F.

Distribution

the species was described from Kazakhstan and further recorded from Mongolia, Tajikistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Greece.

* Trachysiphonella recurva Deeming & Al–Dhafer, 2012

Material examined

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200m, 37°14'50"N, 28°30'E, 23.–27.vi.2015, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, SW + YPWT, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 28.–30.vi.2015, 1M and 1F.

Distribution

this species was described from Yemen and further recorded from Oman and Saudi Arabia.

* Trachysiphonella ruficeps (Macquart, 1835)

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 10.–12.ix.2014, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F

Distribution

this species is distributed in Palaearctic Region.

* Tricimba albiseta Dely–Draskovits, 1983

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M.

Distribution

this species is known from Europe.

Tricimba humeralis (Loew, 1858)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University campus, YPWT, 720 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'13"E, 26.–27.vi.2015, 2M and 11F

Distribution

widely distributed species, recorded from the southern Palaearctic Region and the Afrotropical Region.

* Tricimba hungarica Dely–Draskovits, 1983

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, University, campus, PT, 700 m, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'21"E, 21.–24.ix.2012, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known only from Hungary, Czech Republic and Ukraine.

* Tricimba lineella (Fallén, 1820)

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Subfamily: Chloropinae

Assuania thalhammeri (Strobl, 1893)

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 24.ix.2012, 2M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 10.–12.ix.2014, 4M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 4M and 3F.

Distribution

south Palaearctic species, known from southern Europe and North Africa to Afghanistan.

Camarota curvipennis (Latreille, 1805)

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 2M.

Distribution

This species is known almost from all Europe (except the northern parts), the Caucasus, southern part of Palaearctic Asia and North Africa.

Cetema neglectum Tonnoir, 1921

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known only from Europe and Turkey.

* Chlorops figuratus (Zetterstedt, 1848)

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Chlorops freidmani Nartshuk, 2012

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 2F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 5M and 3F.

Distribution

this species is known only from Turkey.

* Chlorops geminatus Meigen, 1830

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

this species is distributed in Palaearctic Region.

* Chlorops hypostigma Meigen, 1830

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, SW + YPWT, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 22.–24.vi.2015, 2M and 1F;

Distribution

Palaearctic Region.

* Chlorops interruptus Meigen, 1830

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 3M.

Distribution

this species is known from Palaearctic Region.

* Chlorops limbatus Meigen, 1830

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 8M and 6F.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species.

Chlorops pumilionis (Bjerkander, 1778)

Material examined

Turkey: Muğla, 700 m, University campus, SW + PT, 37°09'42"N, 28°22'21"E, 29.iv.–10.v.2013, 1F; Turkey: 15km SW of Muğla, damp valley nr.brook, 630 m, 37°06'31"N, 28°15'31"E, 23.v.20111M.

Distribution

Eurasian species, known from Europe to Mongolia.

* Chlorops serenus Loew 1866

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'35"E, 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known from West Palaearctic Region.

* Chloropsina lucens (Becker, 1910)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8.–14.ix.2014, 1M.

Distribution

this species was described and hitherto known only from Greece.

* Cryptonevra diadema (Meigen 1830)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 1M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 3M.

Distribution

species widely distributed in North Africa and Palaearctic Region.

* Cryptonevra flavitarsis (Meigen, 1830)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 3M and 2F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 4M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, SW + YPWT, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 22.–24.vi.2015, 4M and 2F.

Distribution

Europe and Kazakhstan.

Cryptonevra nigritarsis (Duda, 1933)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 1M.

Distribution

Palaearctic distributed species.

Diplotoxa messoria (Fallén, 1820)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

Distribution

Holarctic species; in the Palaearctic Region known from the British Isles to Far East Russia.

Eurina ducalis A. Costa, 1885

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 4M and 4F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 4M and 4F.

Distribution

this species is known from Central and South Europe, Syria and Israel.

* Eurina lurida Meigen, 1830

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

Distribution

widely distributed Palaearctic species known also from Near East.

Eurina triangularis Becker, 1903

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M.

Distribution

this species is known from North Africa (Egypt) and Israel.

* Eutropha fulvifrons (Haliday, 1833)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 3M

Distribution

the species is known in Near East and West Palaearctic Region.

* Lagaroceras megalops Becker, 1903

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 10.–12.ix.2014, 2M

Distribution

this species is known from Near East (Egypt), Ethiopia, Mozambique and South Africa.

* Lasiosina albipila (Loew, 1866)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 3M and 1F; Turkey: Akyaka, river bank + salty meadow, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'57"E, 16.–27.v.2011, 2M and 1F.

Distribution

Palaearctic species.

* Lasiosina aurea Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Material examined

Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 1M; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 2M; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 24.ix.2012, 3M and 3F.

Distribution

this species was described from Israel.

* Lasiosina cinctipes (Meigen, 1830)

Material examined

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M.

Distribution

Palaearctic species.

Lasiosina emiliae Dely-Draskovits, 1982

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, SW + PT, 37°02'53"N, 28°19'39"E, 28.4.–9.5.2013, 2M.

Distribution

this species was known earlier from Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

Lasiosina herpini (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)

Material examined

Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

Transpalaearctic species.

* Lasiosina immaculata Becker, 1912

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 23.–27.ix.2012, 4M.

Distribution

this species was known earlier from Europe and Near East.

* Lasiosina lindbergi (Duda, 1933)

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 5M.

Distribution

Mediterranean species, known from Bulgaria, the North Africa and Corsica.

* Lasiosina paralittoralis Dely-Draskovits, 1981

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8.–14.ix.2014, 8M and 4F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 24.ix.2012, 6M and 8F.

Distribution

this species was described from Israel.

* Meromyza eduardi Hubicka, 1966

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi.–1.vii.2015, 2M and 1F.

Distribution

this species was known earlier from Estonia, Lithuania and Poland.

Meromyza filippovi Ozerov, 2009

Material examined

Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 8 m, 36°59'27"N, 28°38'50"E, 24.ix.2012, 4M and 1F.

Distribution

this species is known only from European part of Turkey.

* Meromyza meigeni Nartshuk, 2006

Material examined

Turkey: 13km NE of Muğla, pasture/pine wood, 1200m, 37°14'50"N, 28°30'E, 23.–27.vi.2015, 6M and 9F.

Distribution

this species was described from Slovenia and further known from Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia and Bosnia.

* Meromyza pluriseta Peterfi, 1961

Material examined

Turkey: Gökçeova Gölü, lake shore, 1 750 m, 37°03'42.52"N, 28°48'28.42"E, 20.ix.2012, 6M; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 21.ix.2012, 4M and 2F.

Distribution

Palaearctic species.

Meromyza nigriventris Macquart, 1835

Material examined

Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 1M.

Distribution

Holarctic species: in the Palaearctic Region it is widely distributed from the British Isles to Japan; in North America it is known only from the West.

Phyladelphus thalhammeri Becker, 1910

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 4 m, 37°03'09"N, 28°20'17"E, 8.–14.ix.2014, 6M and 4F; Turkey: 8 km S of Çine, river bank, 68 m, 37°32'34"N, 28°03'46"E, 10.–12.ix.2014, 5M and 4F;

Distribution

Mediterranean species.

Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen, 1830)

Material examined

Turkey: Akyaka, forest, 37°03'16"N, 28°19'35"E, 30.4.–9.5.2013, 30 m, 4M and 8F; Turkey: Toparlar, lowland forest, 36°58'39"N, 28°39'30"E, sweeping, 5.–7.5.2013, 2M and 8F; Turkey: Akyaka, pasture, 37°03'19"N, 28°20'07"E, 28.4.–8.5.2013, 6 m, 1M and 6F; Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014, 4M and 8F.

Distribution

widespread species, recorded from the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions.

Thaumatomyia sulcifrons (Becker, 1907)

Material examined

Turkey: 4 km N of Yatagan, Foeniculus flowers, 460 m, 37°22'12"N, 28°09'22"E, 30.vi.2015, 1M and 2F.

Distribution

South Palaearctic species, known from the Canary Islands to China.

Descriptions of new species

Oscinellinae

Dicraeus civeleki sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/DB8D5B04-4123-4738-9552-5D377D1C4D75

Figs 1–3, 4–5

Type material

Holotype male, Turkey: Akyaka, salty meadow, 2 m, 37°01'49"N, 28°20'01"E, 22.vi.–1.vii.2015. Holotype is in good condition, abdomen on plastic tags together with the specimen. Paratype: 1M same data.

Figure 1–3.

Dicraeus civeleki sp. n. (holotype): 1 body (abdomen missing), lateral view 2 body (abdomen missing), dorsal view 3 wing.

Diagnosis

Grey dusted black species with yellow face, anterior part of frons, antennae, palpus, fore and mid tibia. Costal vein reaches one-fourth the way between R_{4 + 5} and M_{1 + 2}.

Figure 4–9.

4–5 Dicraeus civeleki sp. n. (holotype): 4 epandrium posterior view 5 epandrium lateral view 6–7 Dicraeus beschovski: 6 epandrium posterior view 7 epandrium lateral view (after Nartshuk 2010) 8–9 Dicraeus sabroskyi: 8 epandrium posterior view 9 epandrium lateral view (after Nartshuk 2010).

Description

Male. Frons longer than wide, yellow on anterior third and black on posterior portion, ocellar triangle black, 2/3 length of frons. Face and gena yellow. Gena wider than first flagellomere with a row of black peristomal setulae. Palpus yellow with black setulae. Antenna yellow, first flagellomere round and yellow, arista short pubescent. Occiput black. Setae and setulae of head black.

Thorax black with grey microtrichosity, entirely covered with black setulae. Scutellum round triangular with long apical convergent setae and a pair of subapicals 2/3 length of apical ones. Anterior portion of pleura shining, anepisternum and katepisternum partly microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: 2 postpronotal, 1 + 2 notopleural, two postalar and one prescutellar setae. Wing clear with whitish yellow veins. Costal vein reaches one-fourth the length between R_{4 + 5} and M_{1 + 2} (Fig. 3). Halter whitish yellow. Legs: fore coxa, fore and mid tibia yellow, all femora and hind tibia black.Abdomen brown with a narrow yellow band on tergites. Male genitalia (Figs 4–5): epandrium black, surstylus brownish yellow with several long setae at base. Apex of surstylus broad and straight. Cercus broad and orthogonally curved, not pointed.

Body length: 2 mm.

Female: unknown.

Remarks

The species belongs to subgenus Oedesiella Becker based on the structure of the male genitalia: cerci long and wide apart, surstyli longer than epandrium. Cerci wide and curved, not narrow, straight and pointed, surstylus with wide and straight apex, not narrowed as in D. sabroskyi Beschovski, 1977 (Figs 8–9) and not rounded as in D. beschovski Nartshuk, 2010 (Figs 6–7).

Etymology

Named in honour of Prof. Hasan Civelek, our colleague and dipterologist from Muğla University, Turkey.

Chloropinae

Meromyza samsunensis sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/F6774AC1-8773-4C3B-9927-A02419668DCA

Figs 10–12, 13–15

Type material

Holotype male, Turkey: Samsun, University campus, 22.vi–4.vii.2014. Holotype is in good condition, abdomen on plastic tags together with the specimen. Paratypes: 2M and 2F same data.

Figure 10–12.

Meromyza samsunensis sp. n. (paratype): 10 body lateral view 11 body dorsal view 12 hind femora, lateral (dorsal) view.

Diagnosis

Species with black palpus on apical half, first flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide, red grey microtrichose stripes on scutum and hind femur nearly four times thicker than tibia. Meromyza samsunensis has anterior process of postgonite widened laterally forming distinct longitudinal rib; upper half parallel and curved, lower half concave. This character is hardly visible in lateral view (Fig. 15). In M. femorata, the anterior process of postgonite is flat, wide and with three to four smooth spinules on the surface (Fig. 16).

Figure 13–16.

Meromyza samsunensis sp. n. (holotype): 13 epandrium, posterior view 14 epandrium, lateral view 15 postgonite, lateral view 16 Meromyza femorata: postgonite, lateral view (after Nartshuk and Fedoseeva, 2011).

Description

Male (Figs 10–11). Ground colour yellow. Frons produced anteriorly, produced region of frons same width of first flagellomere. Ocellar triangle occupying two-thirds of frons, shining, rugose on apical portion and black on ocellar tubercle only, with one row of black interfrontal setae along sides. First flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide, yellow, darkened on dorsal portion and with long pale setulae. Arista yellow, nearly bare. Genal as wide as first flagellomere. Vibrissal angle obtuse. Palpus black on apical half and yellow basally.

Thorax: Scutum with red grey microtrichose stripes, midstripe reaching scutellum and scutellum with small red mark. Pleura with red marks except small black mark on anepisternum. Wing hyaline with whitish yellow veins. Halter whitish yellow. Legs yellow, fore tarsus darkened. Hind femur strongly swollen, nearly four times as thick as tibia (Fig. 12).

Abdomen: yellow with dark midstripe and small spots on tergites 2–5. Male genitalia (Figs 13–14): epandrium yellow, with long curved surstylus evenly covered with small setulae. The upper half of anterior process of postgonite is parallel and curved, lower half concave. Posterior process enlarged (Fig. 15).

Body length 3.5–4.0 mm.

Remarks

New species has elongated first flagellomere. The character is rear in Meromyza, only two species have elongated first flagellomere: Meromyza mirabilis Fedoseeeva, 1974 and Meromyza longicornis (Frey, 1921). Meromyza mirabilis has first flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide (similar to M. samsunensis sp. n) but palpus is yellow and stripes on the scutum are brown. Meromyza longicornis has first flagellomere 2.5 times as long as wide and hind femur 3 times as wide as hind tibia. M. samsunensis sp. n is similar to Meromyza femorata Macquart, 1835 in having red stripes on the scutum with median stripe reaching the scutellum, palpus black on apical half, and hind femur strongly swollen. The main difference between both species is in the shape of postgonite.

Etymology

the species epithet refers to the location where the holotype was collected (the city of Samsun).

Comments

The new species may be included in the key to Palaearctic species of the genus Meromyza Meigen (Nartshuk and Fedoseeva, 2011) by the following modification:

123 (124)	Hind femur strongly thickened, at least 4 times as wide as hind tibia. Stripes of scutum rufous	123a
123a	Anterior process of postgonite flat, wide and with three to four smooth spikes on surface (Fig. 16)	*M. femorata*
123b	Anterior process of postgonite widened laterally forming distinct longitudinal rib; upper half parallel and curved, lower half concave. (Fig. 15)	M. samsunensis sp. n.
124 (123)	Hind femur moderately thickened, less than 3 times as wide as hind tibia. Stripes of scutum mostly dark; if rufus, anterior margin of anterior process of postgonite sharply narrowed and projecting.

Discussion

Altogether 114 species of the family Chloropidae are known at the present time from Turkey. Nine genera (Calamoncosis, Eribolus, Gaurax, Incertella, Speccafrons, Trachysiphonella, Chloropsina, Eutropha, and Lagaroceras) and 46 species are recorded here for the first time. Two species (Dicraeus civeleki sp. n. and Meromyza samsunensis sp. n.) are described. Based on comparisons with the Chloropidae fauna of some adjacent countries, it seems as though the number of Chloropidae species in Turkey is in fact much larger: Bulgaria (Beschovski 1985) with 144 species, Israel with more than 100 species (Kaplan 1977), 51 species from Greece (Nartshuk 2010) and 394 species are known to occur in Europe (Nartshuk 2013).

Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by grant of MSMT (Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth). We thank our colleagues from Muğla University (Turkey) for their help with field studies in Turkey. Our special thanks are due to anonymous reviewers for improving earlier versions of this manuscript.

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