Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ernesto Rázuri-Gonzales ( razur001@umn.edu ) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
© 2016 Ernesto Rázuri-Gonzales, Ralph W. Holzenthal.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Rázuri-Gonzales E, Holzenthal RW (2016) New synonyms in the highly diverse caddisfly genus Smicridea (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). ZooKeys 637: 21-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.637.10148
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In this paper, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) repula Oláh & Johanson, 2012 is synonymized with Smicridea (R.) lobata (Ulmer, 1909), and the species Leptonema islamarga Botosaneanu, 2002 is transferred to Smicridea (R.) as a synonym of S. lobata. Additionally, we present more detailed illustrations of the male genitalia of S. (R.) lobata and S. (R.) signata (Banks, 1903), and include notes on their distributions to aid in the identification of these two, often-confused species.
Synonymy, New combination, Neotropics, Nearctic, Trichoptera
The genus Smicridea was established by
In the subgenus Rhyacophylax, the signata group of
Species name | Author | Distribution |
---|---|---|
S. (R.) arizonensis |
|
Mexico, USA |
S. (R.) bidactyla |
|
Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela |
S. (R.) bifurcata |
|
Costa Rica, Honduras |
S. (R.) fogasa |
|
Ecuador |
S. (R.) hajla |
|
Ecuador |
S. (R.) inarmata |
|
Mexico |
S. (R.) kampoka |
|
Peru |
S. (R.) leloga |
|
Peru |
S. (R.) lobata | ( |
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela |
S. (R.) nemorosa |
|
Costa Rica |
S. (R.) nemtompa |
|
Ecuador, Peru |
S. (R.) pseudolobata |
|
Brazil, Suriname |
S. (R.) salta |
|
Mexico |
S. (R.) signata | ( |
Guatemala, Mexico, USA |
S. (R.) singri |
|
Costa Rica |
S. (R.) tavola |
|
Ecuador |
Smicridea lobata (
Smicridea repula Oláh & Johanson, 2012 was described from Los Tuxtlas area in the state of Veracruz (Mexico). The authors included this species in the signata group, stating that it was closely related to the species S. lobata from Venezuela and S. nemtompa Oláh & Johanson, 2012 from Ecuador and Peru. They indicated that their new species was easily distinguished from S. lobata and S. nemtompa by having a lateral wing-shaped process at the mid-length of the phallus.
Leptonema islamarga Botosaneanu, 2002, in
The species Smicridea signata (Banks, 1903) was originally described as Pellopsyche signata, from Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). The description was based on characteristics of the body and wings, with no genitalic characters included (the type is a female). Later,
We conclude that S. repula and L. islamarga are synonyms of S. lobata, which is a separate species distinct from S. signata, based on differences in the tenth tergum as well as in their distributions. Herein, we provide justification for these taxonomic changes as well as more detailed illustrations of S. lobata from sites near the type locality (Fig.
Smicridea (R.) lobata (Ulmer, 1909) and Smicridea (R.) signata Banks, 1903, male genitalia. 1ASmicridea (R.) lobata segments IX and X, lateral 1B Left inferior appendage, ventral 1C Phallus, lateral 1D Phallus, dorsal 1E Segments IX and X, dorsal 2Smicridea (R.) signata. Segments IX and X, dorsal. These illustrations were made from specimens of S. lobata from Zulia and Sucre States, Venezuela, and specimens of S. signata from Utah, USA.
Specimens were examined with an Olympus SZH dissecting microscope (Olympus Corporation). The illustration of the male genitalia of S. lobata was prepared from pencil sketches made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to an Olympus BX41 compound microscope. The pencil sketches were scanned and placed into an Adobe Illustrator CS6 (Adobe Systems, Inc.) document to serve as a template to create a vector graphic illustration. The careful tracing of the original image was accomplished by using a graphic tablet and pen (BAMBOO, Wacom Technology Co.).
We carefully examined specimens from the type series of S. repula and L. islamarga, borrowed from the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm, Sweden) and the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, The Netherlands), respectively. Further, we examined material of S. signata and S. lobata identified by Dr Oliver Flint (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.) and Dave Ruiter (Grants Pass, Oregon, USA) as well as material from the University of Minnesota Insect Collection (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA), and the female type of S. signata from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA). The type of S. lobata at the Natural History Museum of Denmark (Copenhagen, Denmark) could not be found (H. Enghoff, pers. comm.).
The material examined is deposited in the following institutions:
DRC Dave Ruiter, personal collection, Grants Pass, Oregon, USA
NBC
Smicridea (R.) repula: MEXICO: Veracruz: Los Tuxtlas area, Río La Palma, near to the Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas, 18°33.68'N, 95°02.94'W, 30 mao [meters above ocean], 26.VI.2006, light trap, leg. Espeland & Malm; 1 male holotype (
Smicridea (R.) signata: USA: Colorado: No further data; 1 female holotype (
Smicridea (R.) lobata: MEXICO: Chiapas: 7.8 mi E Pichucalco, 7.XII.1975, C. M. & O. S. Flint; 5 males (
Leptonema islamarga: VENEZUELA: Nueva Esparta: Isla Margarita, Asunción, Río Asunción; 02.VI.2000; Botosaneanu & Viloria; 10 males, 12 females paratypes (NBC).
Based on the material examined, Smicridea lobata is distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela, and S. signata is distributed in southwestern USA, Mexico, and Guatemala.
The authors would like to thank the curators and institutions that loaned the material used in this study: Dr Oliver S. Flint, Jr. (