Corresponding author: Tingchi Wen (
Academic editor: F. Montealegre-Z
Descriptions of the flying organs and generic characteristics of the genus
Zha L-S, Yu F-M, Boonmee S, Eungwanichayapant PD, Wen T-C (2017) Taxonomy of
The originally monotypic genus
Based on absent tegmen (accordingly tegminal sinus is absent or inconspicuous),
In this study
Specimens were photographed using a stereo microscope (Olympus Corporation, SZX16, Tokyo, Japan), ecological pictures were photographed using a Nikon Coolpix P520 camera. Morphological terminology and measurement landmarks follow
Size small and stout. Vertex nearly at the same or slightly below the level of anterior margin of pronotum, and decidedly wider than width of one eye; longitudinal furrow (instead of scutellum in most genera of
China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Taiwan).
1 | Hind wings very small and hidden beneath pronotum, invisible or barely visible |
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– | Hind wings slightly elongate and nearly reaching middle of hind femur, visible |
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2 | Pronotum flattened, nearly at the same level |
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– | Pronotum, in lateral view, distinctly roof-like |
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3 | Anterior margin of pronotum broadly arcuate forward; humeral angles also broadly arcuate (Hainan) |
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– | Anterior margin of pronotum truncated; humeral angles obtuse angled |
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4 | Vertex 1.4 times as wide as one eye; prozonal carinae contracted backward; hind process reaching middle of hind femur (Taiwan) |
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– | Vertex 2.0 times as wide as one eye; prozonal carinae parallel; hind process reaching knee of hind femur (Guizhou) |
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5 | Anterior margin of pronotum obtusely angled forward |
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– | Anterior margin of pronotum truncated |
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6 | Upper margin of pronotum wholly arcuate in lateral view; hind process reaching apex of hind femur |
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– | Upper margin of pronotum, in lateral view, arcuate only before humeral angles while straight or undulated behind humeral angles; hind process not reaching apex of hind femur |
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7 | Vertex 3.0 times as wide as one eye, anterior margin obtusely angled (Fujian) |
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– | Vertex 2.1-2.3 times as wide as one eye, anterior margin arcuate |
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8 | Vertex together with frontal costa right angled; humeral angles obtusely angled, interhumeral carina absent; middle of posterior margin of female subgenital plate with a triangular protrusion (Guangxi) |
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– | Vertex together with frontal costa rounded; humeral angles absent, paired interhumeral carinae presented; posterior margin of female subgenital plate three-tooth-like (Jiangxi) |
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9 | Longitudinal furrow between antennal grooves 1.6 times as wide as diameter of scapus; pronotal disc with many net-like wrinkles; humeral angles indistinct; lower margins of fore and mid femora a little undulate (Guangxi) |
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– | Longitudinal furrow between antennal grooves as wide as diameter of scapus; pronotal disc smooth; humeral angles arcuate; lower margins of fore and mid femora straight (Jiangxi) |
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10 | Lower margins of fore and mid femora undulated |
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– | Lower margins of fore and mid femora straight |
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11 | Antenna inserted below lower margin of eyes; prozonal carinae parallel; apex of hind process narrow (Sichuan) |
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– | Antenna inserted between lower margin of eyes; prozonal carinae contracted backward; apex of hind process relatively wide, concave in the middle (Yunnan) |
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12 | Vertex 2.0-2.14 times as wide as one eye; interhumeral carina absent |
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– | Vertex 1.3-1.6 times as wide as one eye; paired interhumeral carinae presented |
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13 | In lateral view upper margin of pronotum before shoulders strongly arcuate; humeral angles obtusely rounded (Hubei) |
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– | In lateral view upper margin of pronotum straight; humeral broadly arcuate (Hunan) |
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14 | Vertex 1.3 times as wide as one eye; antenna inserted below lower margin of eyes; in lateral view upper margin of pronotum strongly arcuate before humeral angles while straight behind humeral angles (Fujian) |
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– | Vertex 1.6 times as wide as one eye; antenna inserted between lower margin of eyes; in lateral view upper margin of pronotum nearly straight (Yunnan) |
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15 | Vertex 2.0 times as wide as one eye; hind process reaching middle of hind femur; lower margin of mid femur undulate (Yunnan) |
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– | Vertex 1.5 times as wide as one eye; hind process reaching two-thirds of hind femur; lower margin of mid femur straight (Guizhou) |
*Note: according to descriptions (antegenicular denticle and genicular denticle have not been separated) and drawings of
With extremely small size,
Length of body ♂5.8–6.2 mm, ♀7.5–8.3 mm; length of pronotum ♂5.8–6.0 mm, ♀6.3–7.0 mm; length of hind femur ♂4.1–4.3 mm, ♀4.2–4.5 mm; length of antenna ♂, ♀2.6–2.8 mm.
Holotype female, China, Guizhou, Leishan, Leigongshan Mountain,
Specimens of
Habitat environment of
The new species epithet ‘
China (Guizhou). Only found in Leigongshan Mountain (Leishan County).
According to
In order to clarify relationship between
Main differences between
Characters |
Vertex and anterior margin of pronotum | Antenna inserted above, between or below lower margin of eye | Tegminal sinus | External lateral carina reaching lower margin of pronotum | |||||
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Nearly at the same level | Vertex distinctly higher | Lower 1/3 of inner margin | Between or slightly below | Far away below | Absent or inconspicuous | Presented | Middle or more | Before middle | |
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√ | √ | √ | √? | √ | √ | √ | ||
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According to
Herein we transfer the related Chinese species of
We sincerely thank Dr. Josef Tumbrinck and Dr. Josip Skejo who provided feedback and suggestions, and Dr. Fernando Montealegre-Z who offered careful corrections which improved the manuscript. This work was supported by the Science Research Foundation of Guizhou University (GZUKEY20160701).