Corresponding authors: Yongjie Wang (
Academic editor: S. Winterton
Three new species of
Xu H, Wang Y, Liu Z (2016) Three new species of
The genus
Distribution of
The biology of osmylids is still poorly known.
The specimens in this study were examined under an Optec SZ760 stereomicroscope with direct light. The terminal of abdomens were removed and soaked in the 10% NaOH for boiling water bath and stored in a glycerin-filled micro-vial mounted on the pin beneath specimen. The terminology for wing venation and genitalia follows
Moderate to large body size (body length 15–20 mm); forewing generally large and broad (length 20–30 mm), with numerous fragmentary marks; two nygmata present at the center and the proximal base of wing between MP and Rs; veins dark brown; costal cross-veins generally bifurcate distally, without interlinking veinlets; cross-veins among branches of Rs forming at least two series of gradates; MP forked close to the base, MP2 with many branches. The hindwing resembles the forewing in shape, but with fewer spots. The 9th tergite has variably-shaped dorsal process. Genitalia are composed of a gonarcus and a mediuncus; the gonarcus is variable in shape, consisting of a sclerotized and pilose external section posteriorly with a lightly sclerotized anterior-lateral section, the latter laterally with an anterior rod shaped process (i.e., baculum of some authors) which is sometimes articulated. The mediuncus (i.e., parameres of some authors) is curved with a fused base (although the shape is variable in
(Note:
1 | The structure of spermatheca complicated (Fig. |
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– | The structure of spermatheca simple (Fig. |
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2 | The 7th sternite in female with a median preapical protuberance |
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– | The 7th sternite in female without any protuberance |
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3 | Spermatheca cylindrical and bent; anterior third of pronotum with median stripe |
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– | Spermatheca oval; frons with dark brown X-shaped marking; pronotum with yellow and median stripe |
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4 | The gonapophyses lateralis cone-shaped, spermatheca pyriform |
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– | The gonapophyses lateralis finger-like or fusiform |
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5 | 9th tergite in male with a distinct dorsal process (Figs |
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– | 9th tergite in male without distinct dorsal processes (Figs |
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6 | Gonarcus with a sharpened process along dorsal margin in lateral view |
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– | Gonarcus without processes along dorsal margin in lateral view |
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7 | Forewing relatively narrow, membrane hyaline with slight metallic luster |
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– | Forewing broad, membrane dull hyaline |
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8 | The length of process of 9th tergite in male slightly longer than width (Figs |
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– | The length of process of 9th tergite in male significantly longer than width (Fig. |
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9 | The process of 9th tergite in male cone-shaped |
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– | The process of 9th tergite in male bar-shaped |
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10 | Gonarcus with one or two lateral posteroventral protuberances |
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– | Gonarcus without any lateral posteroventral protuberance |
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11 | Gonarcus with only one lateral posteroventral protuberance in lateral view (Fig. |
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– | Gonarcus with two lateral posteroventral protuberances in lateral view (Fig. |
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12 | Mediuncus apically hook-shaped |
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– | Mediuncus apically slender and straight (Fig. |
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13 | The process of 9th tergite in male cylindrical (Fig. |
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– | The process of 9th tergite in male subulate (Fig. |
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14 | Distal part of gonarcus flat and quadrate, with a posteroventral protuberance (Fig. |
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– | Distal part of gonarcus approximately triangular |
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15 | Distal part of gonarcus with one or more conspicuous protuberances |
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– | Distal part of gonarcus with an inconspicuous protuberance |
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16 | 8th sternite in female with two ventral protuberances; distal part of gonarcus with a ventral and rod-like protuberance |
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– | 8th sternite in female without any protuberance |
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17 | Distal part of gonarcus with two protuberances in later view; pronotum with slender yellow marking on anterior half and yellow spot over posterior margin |
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– | Distal part of gonarcus with only one protuberance |
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18 | Cross-veins among branches of Rs forming 3 series of gradates; forewing and hindwing with approximately rounded spots |
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– | Cross-veins among branches of Rs forming 2 series of gradates |
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19 | 9th tergite in female with a median narrowing in lateral view (Fig. |
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– | 9th tergite in female slightly tapered medially in lateral view; meso- and metanotum yellowish brown with black streaks |
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20 | Distal part of gonarcus forming a large triangular sclerite; outer gradates of forewing with brown marks |
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– | Distal part of gonarcus forming a narrow and small sclerite; inner gradates of forewing with brown marks |
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Spermathecae.
Male terminalia, lateral view. , dorsal process
Wings of , nygmata , pterostigma , outer gradates
, dorsal process , anterior arm of gonarcus
Wings of
, dorsal process
Wings of
, dorsal process , ventral margin
Holotype Male, CHINA: Guangxi (Province): Maoershan (Nature Reserve), [
Male: 9th tergite with a short finger-like dorsal process; ectoproct cone-shaped. Gonarcus distally triangular with a ventral, triangular, membranous protuberance in lateral view. Female: gonapophysis lateralis approximately fusiform; spermatheca oval.
Presently known only from Guangxi Province, China.
The specific name ‘
The dorsal finger-like process of 9th tergite of
Holotype Male. CHINA: Shaanxi (Province): Houzhenzi (town), [
Wing broad, with numerous dark brown spots on the margin. Male: 9th tergite with a median narrowing, with a small tuberous dorsal process in lateral view; protuberance of posteroventral gonarcus papillary. Base of mediuncus knife-shaped in lateral view. Female: gonapophysis lateralis basally fused with a triangular sclerite, spermatheca bent, cylindrical.
China (Shaanxi, Gansu).
The specific name ‘
The new species can be distinguished from other species by the small hemispheric dorsal process of the 9th tergite in male (Fig.
Holotype Male. CHINA: Chongqing: Jiangjin (District): Simianshan (mountain), [
Male: 9th with a finger-like dorsal process. Gonarcus distally triangular in lateral view, ventral margin well sclerotized; base of mediuncus slightly protuberant distally in lateral view. Female: gonapophysis lateralis finger-like; spermatheca approximately spherical.
Known only from Chongqing, China.
The specific name ‘
The dorsal process of 9th tergite in the male of
We sincerely thank Zhang Weiwei (Beijing) for collecting the specimens. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 31272352, 31301905 and 41372013), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant 2012T50113), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant 5132008), and Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (grant 20131108120005).