2.1. List of Available Names, Official Lists and Indexes
2.1.1. In the Preface of the Code
“We can anticipate that zoologists and other users of scientific names will before long require still further changes in the Code, perhaps especially concerning procedures for the listing of existing names and the registration of new ones. With regard to the former, extensive databases are now appearing in quick succession and are being consolidated by such enterprises as Species 2000, and this fourth edition of the Code has already taken a significant step through the provisions for the development and adoption of List(s) of Available Names in Zoology.”
“Progress is made in this edition to establish a mechanism to facilitate access to previously established names, and to achieve certainty that searches made for names are complete, by enabling international groups of specialists to compile lists of extant and known available names in major taxonomic fields, and to have these lists adopted by the Commission. Names not in a relevant adopted List would not be available. A similar policy has already been adopted for all genera and species in microbiology, where neither past nor new names are available unless they have been officially recorded.”
“Lists of Available Names
15. The Commission is empowered, with safeguards, to adopt lists of names in major taxonomic fields. Names within the scope of such an adopted list but not listed in it will be treated as unavailable. Lists may only be adopted by the Commission which have been proposed by international bodies, and only after publication of the proposals, wide consultation with specialist committees and others, and taking into account public comment.”
2.1.2. In Articles of the Code
10.7. Availability of names not listed in a relevant adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology. No unlisted name within the scope of an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology is available, despite any previous availability [Art. 79.4.3].
57.2. Primary homonyms. Identical species-group names established for different nominal taxa when originally combined with the same generic name (see also Articles 11.9.3.2 and 57.8.1) are primary homonyms [Art. 53.3] and the junior name is permanently invalid (but see Article 23.9.5) except when:
57.2.1. its use as a valid name (a nomen protectum) is maintained under the conditions specified in Article 23.9, or
57.2.2. it is conserved by the Commission under Article 81, or
57.2.3. it, but not its senior homonym, is included in a relevant adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology (see Article 79.4.3).
78.2.1. The Commission may, under procedures specified in Article 79, establish a List of Available Names in Zoology and may adopt Parts of the List (for the status of names in the List of Available Names in Zoology, and the name-bearing types of the nominal taxa the names denote, see Article 79.4).
78.4. Other duties. The Commission shall
78.4.2. enter in the relevant Official Lists and Indexes the names and works that have been the subject of rulings by the Commission in its Opinions (including Official Corrections);
Article 79. List of Available Names in Zoology. An international body of zoologists (such as an International Congress, an international society, or a consortium of national or regional societies, or a Scientific Member of the International Union of Biological Sciences) in consultation with the Commission may propose that the Commission adopt for a major taxonomic field (or related fields) a Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology. The Commission will consider the proposal and may adopt the Part subject to the proposing body and the Commission meeting the requirements of this Article.
79.1. Form of the proposal. The proposal to the Commission shall be made in the form of the Part proposed for adoption and shall
79.1.1. specify the scope of the proposal, such as the taxonomic field, ranks, and time period covered, (e.g. Amphibia, Names of the Species Group established before 31 December 1995 [full date, i.e. day, month, year]);
79.1.2. for each name to be listed, give the bibliographic reference to the work in which it is established, its authorship, its date of publication and its status (including its precedence if this is different from its priority);
79.1.3. for each name to be listed, give details of the name-bearing type of the nominal taxon it denotes; in the case of a species-group name, if the details of how the type specimen(s) may be recognized are not known, state whether the name is based on a holotype, syntypes, lectotype or neotype and the place(s) of deposition (if any) recorded in the type fixation (but no lectotype or neotype designation can be made for the purposes of listing alone [Arts. 74.7, 75.3]);
79.1.4. for any name to be listed which has been the subject of a Commission ruling [Arts. 80, 81], give the relevant Opinion and the status of the name as ruled therein; and
79.1.5. if applicable, specify how homonymy with names beyond the scope of the proposal has been resolved.
79.2. Requirements concerning notification, consultation and voting by the Commission.
79.2.1. Upon being advised by an international body of zoologists that it intends to propose a Part of the List, the Commission shall appoint by its Council an ad hoc committee [Constitution Art. 10] to consult with the proposers.
79.2.2. Upon receipt of a proposal the Commission shall
79.2.2.1. publish a notice of the proposal in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature giving details of the proposing body, proposed scope of the Part and a source from which copies (on paper or otherwise) of the proposed Part may be obtained by zoologists, and inviting comments from zoologists during the following twelve months;
79.2.2.2. submit the notice for publication in journals publishing taxonomic work in the taxonomic field covered by the proposal;
79.2.2.3. refer the proposal to its ad hoc committee for it to receive comments, consult with the proposers and others and, not less than two years from the date of publication of the notice referred to in Article 79.2.2.1, consider either a revised proposal or a recommendation that the proposal be abandoned;
79.2.2.4. ensure that the revised proposal does not contain any name established less than five years before the submission of the initial proposal;
79.2.2.5. following receipt of the revised proposal from its ad hoc committee, publish notice of it and invite comments on the revised proposal in the same manner as for the initial proposal [Arts. 79.2.2.1, 79.2.2.2];
79.2.2.6. take into account comments received (if any) and comments of the proposers thereon, and vote to adopt the Part proposed or to abandon the proposal, under procedures prescribed in the Constitution [Art. 12] and the Bylaws of the Commission for voting under its plenary power.
79.3. Effective date of Parts and their accessibility. The Commission shall publish a notice in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature of a decision to adopt any Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology as soon as possible after the decision is taken.
79.3.1. Before publishing the notice of adoption, the Commission shall satisfy itself that the Part newly adopted is accessible either by purchase or gratis and shall include that information in the notice.
79.3.2. Any Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology adopted by the Commission becomes effective from the date of publication in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature of a notice of the decision of the Commission to adopt it.
79.3.3. The notice shall specify the title under which the Part of the List adopted by the Commission shall be known and its scope (including the taxonomic field and dates covered).
79.4. Status of names, spellings, dates of availability, and types specified in the List of Available Names in Zoology.
79.4.1. A name occurring in an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology is deemed be an available name and to have the spelling, date, and authorship recorded in the List (despite any evidence to the contrary).
79.4.2. A nominal taxon denoted by a name occurring in an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology is deemed to have the name-bearing type recorded therein (despite any evidence to the contrary).
79.4.3. No unlisted name within the scope (taxonomic field, ranks, and time period covered) of an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology has any status in zoological nomenclature despite any previous availability.
Recommendation 79A. Citation of previously available names. If for taxonomic and historical purposes an author desires to cite a name that is no longer available because it is not included in the relevant Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology adopted by the Commission, it should be made clear that it no longer has a status in zoological nomenclature.
79.5. Power of the Commission to amend the status of a name occurring in the List of Available Names in Zoology. If there are exceptional circumstances and only when an entry in the List of Available Names in Zoology is a cause of confusion, the Commission may amend the entry by use of its plenary power [Art. 81] and publish its ruling in an Opinion [Art. 80.2].
79.5.1. From the date of the publication in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature of the amended entry the relevant name has the status, spelling, date of availability, and authorship, and the nominal taxon it denotes has the name-bearing type, as shown in the amended entry.
79.5.2. The requirement that amendments to the status of names occurring in the List may be made only by the Commission using its plenary power does not prevent an author from designating a type species for a nominal genus-group taxon published before 1931, if one has not already been fixed, or from designating a lectotype [Art. 74] from syntypes recorded in the List of Available Names in Zoology, or a neotype when circumstances exist that require neotype designation [Art. 75]. Such subsequent fixations may be inserted by the Commission in the List.
Recommendation 79B. Request to authors designating lectotypes or neotypes for names in the List of Available Names in Zoology. Authors are requested to inform the Commission of lectotype or neotype designations made by them for the nominal taxa of names in the List of Available Names in Zoology as soon as possible after publication.
79.6. Power of the Commission to add omitted names to the List of Available Names in Zoology. If the Commission determines that there is a previously available name within the scope of an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology that has been omitted from the List, in exceptional circumstances the Commission may by use of the plenary power add an appropriate entry to that Part of the List and record this in an Opinion. The availability of the name thereby becomes restored.
Article 80. Status of actions of the Commission. As a consequence of actions required of it by the Code, the Commission may publish Declarations, Opinions, the Official Lists and Official Indexes, and may adopt and publish Parts of the List of Available Names in Zoology. The status of these published acts, and of names and works in the Official Lists and Official Indexes, is specified in this Article.
80.4. Corrections of errors or omissions in Opinions. Official Corrections to errors and omissions (such as a bibliographic error, lapsus calami, or an omission in placing a conserved or suppressed name on an Official List or Index) may be published by the Commission without further vote unless the error or omission negates the ruling or its consequences. If the ruling is negated by the error or omission, the Commission shall reconsider the matter and publish a further Opinion.
80.6. Status of works, names and nomenclatural acts in Official Lists. The Commission publishes the effects of its Opinions on individual names and works in the Official Lists and Official Indexes. In the case of names and works in the Official Lists:
80.6.1. A name entered in an Official List is an available name.
80.6.2. The status of a name entered in an Official List is subject to the ruling(s) in any relevant Opinion(s), including any Official Correction of an Opinion [Art. 80.4]; all other aspects of its status derive from the normal application of the Code. However, if such a name is given a different status in the List of Available Names in Zoology the latter status is deemed to be correct [Art. 80.8].
80.6.3. A name may be placed in an Official List without any additional qualification.
80.6.4. If a name entered in an Official List is thought to be a synonym of another available name (whether in an Official List or not), their relative precedence is determined by the normal application of the Code unless the Commission rules or has ruled otherwise.
80.6.5. A name or nomenclatural act occurring in a work entered in the Official List of Works Approved as Available for Zoological Nomenclature is subject to the provisions of the Code and to any limitation imposed by the Commission on the use of that work in zoological nomenclature.
80.7. Status of works, names and nomenclatural acts in Official Indexes. The Commission publishes the effects of its Opinions on individual names and works in the Official Lists and Official Indexes. In the case of names and works in the Official Indexes:
80.7.1. A work, name or nomenclatural act entered in an Official Index has the status attributed to it in the relevant ruling(s).
80.7.2. A name or nomenclatural act occurring in a work entered in the Official Index has no availability or validity in zoological nomenclature, unless the Commission by use of its plenary power rules otherwise. However, such a work may be used as a source of information relevant to zoological nomenclature unless the Commission has ruled that the work is to be treated as unpublished.
80.8. Contradictory status accorded by the Commission to names in the List of Available Names in Zoology and in the Official Lists. In the event of contradictory status being accorded by the Commission to a name included in the List of Available Names in Zoology, in an Official List, or in an Opinion, the status accorded in the List of Available Names in Zoology is deemed to be correct unless the Commission has ruled otherwise [Art. 79.5].
2.1.3. In the Glossary
adoption, n. Of a Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology: the acceptance of the Part by the Commission as specified in Article 79.
Index, Official. See Official Index.
List of Available Names in Zoology, n. The cumulative term for those parts of the List of Available Names in Zoology which have been adopted by the Commission under Article 79.
List, Official. See Official List.
Official Index, n. An abbreviated title for any of the four Indexes, maintained and published by the Commission, citing works or names that have been rejected by rulings of the Commission. For the status of names cited in the Indexes, and of names and nomenclatural acts in works cited in the Indexes, see Article 80.7. The full titles of the Indexes are:
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature.
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology.
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology.
Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology.
Official List, n. An abbreviated title for any of the four Lists, maintained and published by the Commission, citing available works or names that have been ruled upon in the Opinions of the Commission. For the status of works, names, and nomenclatural acts in the Lists see Article 80.6. The full titles of the Lists are:
Official List of Works Approved as Available for Zoological Nomenclature.
Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology.
Official List of Generic Names in Zoology.
Official List of Specific Names in Zoology.
(See also List of Available Names in Zoology).
Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology, n. (q.v.). A list, adopted by the Commission under Article 79, of available names in a major taxonomic field.
proposal, n. (1) An action, whether successful or unsuccessful, to establish a nominal taxon or name or to carry out a nomenclatural act (q.v.). (2) An application to the Commission under Article 79 for the adoption of a Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology.
rejected work. Any work included by the Commission in the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature.