Corresponding author: Dominic A. Evangelista (
Academic editor: Sam Heads
Here we provide a checklist of cockroach species known from areas within the Guiana Shield based on literature records and new field collection. We give records of sixteen species collected in Guyana, eight of which are new records for Guyana and one of which is a new generic record for the entire Guiana Shield. We also provide a description for a geographically disparate species of
Evangelista DA, Chan K, Kaplan KL, Wilson MM, Ware JL (2015) The Blattodea
The Guiana Shield is known for a high diversity of both plant and animal life (
The cockroach fauna of the entire Guiana Shield has previously been addressed by three works (i.e.
The cockroach fauna of sections of the Guiana Shield have been addressed directly by a few sources (e.g.,
Lastly, the most current phylogenies of
The checklist was initially compiled by synthesizing range data from the published literature. Searches for taxonomic records included some combination of the following locality names: British Guiana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyane, Guiana or Guyana. Five additional sources were consulted (
The validity of all taxonomic names was verified on the Cockroach Species File (CSF) online database (
We collected cockroaches from the field on four occasions from 2011 to 2013. All specimens were collected in Guyana. Specific collection information (locality and GPS, collection date, collectors and ecological information) is given with each record.
Species that were collected and could be identified are presented here. We report all collection information and some morphological information for each specimen as well as currently known geographic distribution as described on the Cockroach Species File database (
We imported the checklist data into Mathematica 9.1 (
Here we report information on some of the specimens from our field collection. Those species listed here that are new records for Guyana are denoted by a “+” in the checklist (Table
Checklist of species from 8 regions of the Guiana Shield. ? = Record with a non-specific locality, and thus unconfirmed in this region. o = Presence record from published literature. + = new record from this paper. Amaz VEN = Amazonas Venezuela, Bolivar VEN = Bolivar Venezuela, Del Ama VEN = Delta Amacuro Venezuela, Rora BRA = Roraima Brazil, GUY = Guyana, SUR = Suriname, FG = French Guiana, Amapa BRA = Amapa Brazil.
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Allometry of new records of cockroaches from Guyana reported in the text. All values are lengths reported in millimeters. NA – refers to specimens which are damaged and therefore cannot be measured or refer to specimens for which the listed measurement does not apply. Specimens with asymmetrical styli have lengths of both right (R.) and left (L.) styli given. When possible, broken specimens had relevant measurements estimated (est.) by piecing together damaged parts or extrapolating visually.
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Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♂ | |||
DEKBO0843 | DEKBO0842 | DEKBO0844 | DECBA0615 | DECBA0703 | DECBA1810 | DECBA1845 | DECBA1847 | DECBA0401 | DECBA0611 | |||
Head | Greatest width | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 3.8 | |
Medial length | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 3.8 | ||
Pronotum | Greatest width | 17.5 | 15.5 | 15.0 | 12.9 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
Medial length | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 7.0 | ||
Leg | Front | Femur | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 |
Tibia | 2.8 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.2 | ||
Middle | Femur | 9.5 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | |
Tibia | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 4.9 | ||
Hind | Femur | 10.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 5.8 | |
Tibia | 13.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 8.0 | ||
Cerci length | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 1.2 | ||
Styli length | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | NA | 0.5 | NA | NA | NA | ||
Tegminal length | 39.5 | NA | NA | NA | 10.0 | 2.0 | 20.0 | 24.5 | 28.0 (est.) | 22.0 | ||
Total body length | 43.5 | 44.0 | 46.0 | 34.0 | 15.7 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 25.0 | 31.0 | 26.0 | ||
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Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Juvenile | |||
DECBA1843 | DEKBO0504 | DECBA2153 | DEKBO0594 | DEKBO0827 | DEKBO0826 | DECBA0302 | DECBA1782 | DECBA0805 | DECBA1802 | |||
Head | Greatest width | 1.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.5 | |
Medial length | 1.1 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.3 | ||
Pronotum | Greatest width | 1.6 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 11.0 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 1.7 | |
Medial length | 1.1 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 1.6 | ||
Leg | Front | Femur | 1.0 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.1 |
Tibia | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.7 | ||
Middle | Femur | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 7.6 | ? | 3.4 | 1.4 | |
Tibia | 1.2 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 7.0 | ? | 2.8 | 1.0 | ||
Hind | Femur | NA | 2.5 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 9.0 | 2.3 | 4.3 | 1.4 | |
Tibia | NA | 2.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 12.0 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 1.3 | ||
Cerci length | NA | 1.6 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 0.6 | ||
Styli length | 0.1 | NA | 0.6 (L.) 0.9 (R.) | 0.5 (L.) 0.7 (R.) | NA | NA | 2.0 (L.) 1.2 (R.) | 0.6 | NA | 0.2 | ||
Tegminal length | 3.7 | 1.3 | 22.0 | 21.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 36.0 | 7.4 | 9.8 | NA | ||
Total body length | 4.7 | 8.9 | 21.8 | 21.3 | 17.0 (est.) | 15.0 | 37.0 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 7.3 |
Voucher number: DEKBO0843.
Collection locale. Karanambu Ranch, Rupununi, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 7 – June – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Oswin Ambrose, Susan George, and Megan M. Wilson.
This specimen was collected in the bathroom of one of the cabins at the camp of Karanambu Ranch.
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana and Brazil
Voucher number: DECBA0615.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 02 – January – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Joseph A. Evangelista, Paul Frandsen, William R. Kuhn, and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was caught in a pitfall trap baited with beer in an uplands secondary forest.
This specimen agrees with the description of the male genitalia in
Guyana (new record), Suriname, and French Guiana.
Voucher number: DECBA0703.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 05 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski, and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was collected in an uplands secondary forest from within a rotting vine.
This specimen was identified using
Voucher number: DECBA1810.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 20 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
This specimen was collected in an uplands secondary forest from within an arboreal bromeliad.
This specimen was identified using
Voucher number: DECBA1811.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 17 – August – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
This specimen was collected on vegetation in an uplands secondary forest.
This specimen was associated to its adult morph using barcodes in
Guyana, Suriname.
Voucher number: DECBA1845.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 18 – August – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
Voucher number: DECBA1847.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 5 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski and Jessica L. Ware.
The adult male (DECBA1845) was collected at a light trap. Adult female (DECBA1847) was collected by hand in the leaf litter by a small pond. Most late instar individuals of this species were also collected at the edge of this pond and some were collected in pitfall traps baited with beer. Early instar individuals of this species were collected from within bromeliads.
The two adult specimens reported here, as well as three juvenile individuals (Voucher and accession numbers: DEDSM0141 –
There is a great deal of intraspecific variation in the morphology of this species. Early instar nymphs are difficult to associate to later instar nymphs, all of which are entirely unrecognizable from the adults (Figure
The external morphology of this species provides little assistance in its identification, as most descriptions of it emphasize coloration that is both subtle and variable. However, the allometry of our specimens (Table
Venezuela (unverified), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil
Voucher number: DECBA0401.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 31 – July to 6 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski, and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was collected at a light trap.
This specimen agrees with the description the synonym
Voucher number: DECBA1702.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 27 – December – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Joseph A. Evangelista, Paul Frandsen, William R. Kuhn and Jessica L. Ware.
Voucher number: DECBA1701.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 10 – January – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Joseph A. Evangelista, Paul Frandsen, William R. Kuhn and Jessica L. Ware.
Both of these juvenile specimens were collected at the edge of a small pond.
Venezuela, Guyana (new record), Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil
Voucher number: DECBA0611.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 28 – December – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Joseph A. Evangelista, Paul Frandsen, William R. Kuhn and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was collected by hand on vegetation in an uplands secondary forest.
This specimen agrees with the description of the head and male genitalia of
Guyana (new record) and French Guiana.
Voucher number: DECBA1843.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 16 – August – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
This specimen and another adult male (Voucher number: DECBA1841) were collected at a light trap near the camp of CEIBA Biological Station on the date noted above. A juvenile of this species was also collected at the same locale, found crawling through a benab between 21 and 24 of August 2012 (Voucher number: DECBA1842).
The specimen agrees with the description of the synonym
Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil (Pará), and Brazil (Amapá).
Voucher number: DEKBO0504.
Collection locale. Capuchin Trail, Karanambo Ranch, Rupununi, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 10 – June – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Oswin Ambrose, Susan George, and Megan M. Wilson.
This specimen was collected by hand in an undisturbed forested area. This is the first record of this specimen from Guyana.
This specimen was identified by comparison with Hebard’s description (
Guyana (new record) and French Guiana.
Voucher number: DECBA2153.
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: December – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Joseph A. Evangelista, Paul Frandsen, William R. Kuhn, and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was collected in a pitfall trap baited with beer in an uplands secondary forest area.
Voucher number: DEKBO0594.
Collection locale. Karanamabu Ranch, Rupununi, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 10 – June – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Oswin Ambrose, Susan George, and Megan M. Wilson.
This specimen was collected in a pitfall trap baited with beer in a forest proximal to the Rupununi River.
Both specimens mostly agree with the description and figures of
Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana
Evangelista, Kaplan, & Ware.
Voucher number: DECBA2109.
Type locality. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 17 to 18 – August – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
The holotype specimen is stored in ethanol with genitalia in a separate ethanol vial and is deposited at the Center for Biodiversity at the University of Guyana.
This specimen was collected in a pitfall trap baited with beer and fruit in an uplands secondary forest in CEIBA Biological Station.
This specimen was identified as
Head uniformly colored a deep mahogany. Clypeus pale buffy. Ocellar spots easily distinguishable, smaller than antennal pits and white. Head otherwise without distinguishing features. Ocellar spots slightly closer together than eyes. Facial grooves on lateral most edge. See Figure
Pronotum a uniformly reddish mahogany color (Figure
Ulnar vein with three incomplete rami and three complete rami (Figure
Supra-anal plate subtriangular with a blunt tip from dorsal view. Left paraproct modified into a tri-dentate spine (Figure
Left phallomere (Figure
Dorsal modification of terga as part of the dorsal tergal gland. Modification represented by a small patch of hairs with a concave semi-circular modification of the margin of the segment anterior to the gland. See Figure
Medium sized hairs (~ 2 mm) covering entire body roughly uniformly, yet sparsely.
Voucher numbers: DECBA1967, DECBA0801, DECBA1958, DECBA2182, DECBA2092, DECBA2039
All additional male individuals reported here were collected in leaf litter pitfall traps baited with beer at various locations (dryer secondary uplands forest and wet primary lowlands forest) in CEIBA biological station.
Voucher number: DECBA2074.
Head slightly darker in color than male with a more reflective surface. Other features of head similar to male.
Description of legs similar or identical to that of male with the following spination on the ventro-anterior margin of fore-femur: 13 (left) and 12 (right) spines decreasing in size from basal to apical, two larger preapical spines and one large apical spine (16 total left and 15 total right). Ventro-posterior margin of fore-femur four large spines and one apical spine. Ventro-anterior margin of mid-leg with seven large spines, one apical spine, and one genicular spine. Ventro-anterior margin of hind-leg with five large spines, one apical spine, and one genicular spine.
Tegmina and wings reduced and not reaching end of abdomen. Three incomplete and three complete rami on ulnar vein. Ulnar vein very faint in the reduced wings of the female (Figure
Pronotum matches description of the male.
Subgenital plate slightly more abbreviated than in male. Paraprocts simple and unspecialized. Sub-genital plate simple and symmetrical.
Voucher numbers: DECBA1787, DECBA1791, DECBA1792, and DECBA1793
All additional female individuals reported here were collected in leaf litter pitfall traps baited with beer in an uplands secondary forest at CEIBA biological station.
All individuals match the description of the above female and have the following spination on the vento-anterior margin of the fore-limb: 13 spines decreasing in size from basal to apical, one or two slightly larger preapical spines and one large apical spine making a total of 15 or 16 spines.
Voucher numbers: DECBA1788, DECBA1789, DECBA1790, DECBA1796.
All additional juvenile individuals reported here were collected in leaf litter pitfall traps baited with beer in an uplands secondary forest at CEIBA biological station.
Juveniles are apterous and largely match the morphology of adults except for in the following. Simple styli present on the subgenital plate in some individuals but are short and abbreviated. Spines on ventro-anterior margin of forelimb are as follows: 12 to 14 spines decreasing in size basally to apically, one or two slightly larger preapical spines and one large apical spine making a sum total of 15 or 16 total spines.
Vouchers numbers and GenBank accession numbers: DECBA1791 –
The morphology of modified styles on the subgenital plate is the most useful trait for discerning this species with other
We give this species the specific epithet “
Guyana
Allometry of
Morphological feature | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adult ♂ (HT) | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♂ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♀ | Adult ♀ | |||
DECBA2109 | DECBA1967 | DECBA0801 | DECBA1958 | DECBA2182 | DECBA2092 | DECBA2039 | DECBA1787 | DECBA1974 | DECBA1793 | DECBA2074 | |||
Head | Greatest width | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | |
Medial length | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | ||
Pronotum | Greatest width | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 4.1 | |
Medial length | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 5.6 | ||
Leg | Front | Femur | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
Tibia | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.0 | ||
Middle | Femur | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.2 | |
Tibia | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | ||
Hind | Femur | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | |
Tibia | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.3 | ||
Cerci length | 2.8 | 3.0 | NA | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.4 | NA | ||
Tegminal length | 13.5 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.2 | ||
Total body length | NA | NA | NA | 17.5 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 18.7 | 17.0 | 18.2 (est.) | NA |
Voucher number: DEKBO0827.
Collection locale. Wilson’s pond trail (Honey pond trail), Karanambu Ranch, Rupununi, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 10 – June – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Oswin Ambrose, Susan George, and Megan M. Wilson.
Voucher number: DEKBO0826.
Collection locale. Forest Island “Darwin”, Karanambu Ranch, Rupununi, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 14 – June – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Oswin Ambrose, Susan George, and Megan M. Wilson.
Both specimens above were collected in pitfall traps baited with beer in the forests of the Rupununi savannah.
The left genital phallomere, right genital phallomere, absence of a dorsal tergal gland and body coloration match closely with the species description (
We collected many individuals of this species from most forested areas surrounding Karanambu Ranch. We collected only one individual of this species in a similar trap at the edge of a forest, near open savannah. We found this species and
Guyana (new record) and French Guiana.
Voucher number: DECBA0302.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 29 – July – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski and Jessica L. Ware.
This specimen was collected in the leaf litter.
This specimen matches the illustration and description by
The COI barcodes of this specimen are close to an adult female (Voucher number: DECBA0235; GenBank accession number:
Guyana (new record), Suriname and French Guiana.
Voucher number: DECBA1782.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 7 to 11 – August – 2013.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski and, Jessica L. Ware.
This individual was recognizable when comparing to the description of
As discussed below, this specimen was placed near
Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil.
Voucher number: DECBA0805.
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 14 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski, and Jessica L. Ware.
Voucher number. DECBA0901.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Date: 13 – August – 2011.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista, Ian Biazzo, Manpreet K. Kohli, Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, Nicole Sroczinski, and Jessica L. Ware.
Both of these specimens were collected in a cup baited with beer placed in the canopy. The cup was tied to the trunk of a tree 13.8 meters above the ground. The tree chosen was close to a swampy primary forest area and on the edge of grassy hillside (most likely a plot that had been burned in the past). There were traps placed in the same tree at other heights but both individuals of this species were caught in this particular trap.
Our female specimen of
In the tree of
Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.
Evangelista, Wilson, & Ware.
Voucher number: DECBA1802.
GenBank accession number:
Collection locale. CEIBA Biological Station, Madewini, Guyana.
GPS:
Collection date: 15 – August – 2012.
Collectors. Dominic A. Evangelista and William R. Kuhn.
This specimen is stored in ethanol and is deposited in the Center for Biodiversity at the University of Guyana.
We identified this specimen as
The specimen is a juvenile that is likely in its penultimate instar. Overall, the body shape is elongated for a typical cockroach, and even for a typical
Antennae are hirsute to nearly plumose. The antennae are slightly clubbed basally with the widest point occurring at first segment of the flagellum. There are two major color regions of the antennae: a dark basal region and a light distal region. The dark basal region begins as slightly lighter than the remainder but becomes a dark black color by the end of the dark region. The 25th segment of the antennae is the final dark segment. The 26th antennal segment begins the light region of the antennae. The 26th or 27th and subsequent segments are nearly white, becoming more brownish orange after the 7th white segment (33 total). The total number of antennal segments on the specimen is 38 (left) and 44 (right).
The head is very large in relation to the remainder of the body, triangular, and wider than typical for a
The pronotum is colored with a dark black region taking up the major two fifths of the medial area. The black area is opaque and reaches forward to the anterior margin but just stops short of completion in the posterior eighth of the segment. The black region is nearly rectangular, slightly rounded anteriorly and widened posteriorly (Figure
Meta- and meso-thoracic segments are both strongly lobed, presumably due to the developing wings within. Color is orange-brown overall with small amounts of black on the tips of the posterior pair of wing pads. Legs are light in color with a slight orange tinge overall. Dark regions are present on the medial side of the base of the fore-coxae.
The ventro-anterior margin of the fore-femur have five (right) or eight (left) large piliform spines basally followed by 27 (right) and 20 (left) shorter piliform spines, which are then each followed by one larger piliform spine and finally one large distal spine that is not piliform. Arolia are large and extend beyond the tips of the pretarsal claws on all legs. Claws are symmetrical and unspecialized.
Both the venter and dorsum of the abdomen is the same orange-brown color as the remainder of the body, but with a slightly redder tinge. Soft black color borders the abdomen laterally and posteriorly.
The dorsal abdomen is mostly glabrous. Hairs that are present are most dense laterally and on segments five and six. Ventral abdomen is glabrous as well, with fewer hairs than on the dorsal side and no regions with any dense pubescence. Supra-anal plate is unspecialized and broadly subtrapezoidal or triangular. Subgenital plate is broadly subtrapezoidal with the posterior margin being broader than that of the subgenital plate. The posterior margin of the subgenital plate is not perfectly uniform and conforms around two large styli. Styli are equal in length to the entire subgenital plate. Their width is equal to half of the length of the visible portion of the styli.
Guyana (new record), Para Brazil, Bolivia and Panama.
This specimen was found crawling through a benab. The only individual of this species observed in the field was the one collected and described here. Given that our overall collecting effort was significant (>1000 individuals of
Previous work (
The genus
The checklist (Table
When pooling and examining the range data for all the taxa (Figure
The highest rates of endemism are seen in Guianan Venezuela, Amapa Brazil and French Guiana (Figure
Most of the species in the checklist have neotropical distributions. There were few taxa listed with distributions that may be considered circumtropical or cosmopolitan:
Comparison of overall body coloration of three sympatric species (Left:
Known richness of cockroach fauna at different taxonomic levels for six regions of the Guiana Shield.
Extent of range for cockroach taxa. Classes represent the number of regions a taxon was present in: present in only one region – class one; present in all six regions – class 6; etc. Total number of taxa for each level shown on the right.
Proportion of cockroach fauna endemic to a region. Endemism is only referred to within the context of the shield.
Proportion of fauna in a region (left) shared with each other region (top). Values greater than. 5 are shaded by magnitude. The three central regions (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana) have a high degree of similarity with each other.
Studies contributing to the checklist of cockroaches of the Guiana Shield. The year of publication of each source plotted against the order in which they were published. The present study, the 34th, is the final circle in the top right. The radius of the circles represents the relative number of times that study is cited in the checklist.
The majority of records used to compile the checklist were lacking in specific biological, geographic or ecological information. Most historical records we encountered only gave general collection locales within their respective country. GPS information was non-existent for nearly all records.
We present eight new species records for Guyana. This includes one genus new to the entire shield (
Among the regions considered here, Guyana and Amapa are moderately well sampled. Guianan Venezuela, and Roraima Brazil are sampled especially poorly and our knowledge of the
The levels of endemism we see (Figure
If we didn’t already know that under-sampling for cockroaches (
Although there is clearly a great under-sampling of cockroaches from this region, we cite 34 publications that contributed to this checklist, including the present (Figure
The ten regions of the Neotropics with the highest known cockroach richness per unit area.
Region | Size (mi2) | # of spp. | spp/mi2 | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 16,871 | 169 | 0.0100 | ( |
French Guiana | 32,253 | 151 | 0.0047 | - |
Panama | 29,118 | 118 | 0.0041 | (Beccaloni 2007) |
Costa Rica | 19,730 | 72 | 0.0036 | (Beccaloni 2007) |
Hispaniola | 29,530 | 86 | 0.0029 | ( |
Continental Ecuador | 46,444 | 114 | 0.0025 | (Vidlicka 2013) |
Suriname | 63,039 | 136 | 0.0022 | - |
Cuba | 42,426 | 85 | 0.0020 | ( |
Amapa, Brazil | 55,141 | 70 | 0.0013 | - |
Guyana | 83,000 | 96 | 0.0012 | - |
Recorded (o and +) and projected (p) presences of cockroaches from the Guiana Shield. VEN – Combined data from Amazonas, Bolivar and Delta Amacuro Venezuela; GUY – Guyana; SUR – Suriname; FG – French Guiana; Rora BRA – Roraima, Brazil. Amapa BRA – Amapa, Brazil. Projected occurrences are expectations of species presence based on confirmed presence in neighboring regions. Data used to determine this is taken from the checklist (Table
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This checklist of
Thank you to Dr. Sonia Maria Lopes, Dr. Esteban Gutierrez for assistance and mentoring in identification of some of the species reported here as well as for reviewing this manuscript. Thanks and appreciation is given to Dr. Peter Vrsansky for critically reviewing the manuscript as well. We would also like to acknowledge all those individuals listed as collectors of the specimens with special thanks to Joseph Evangelista, and Ian Biazzo. Ms. Kimberly Guzman contributed photos and collection management. Finally, Dominic Evangelista would like to thank Dr. May Berenbaum for her generous monetary donation to his thesis work. This work was also funded by Rutgers RUFAIR award, Ware’s Rutgers start-up funds, and the Smithsonian Biodiversity of the Guianas project (BDG 204).