Corresponding author: Peter H. Kerr (
Academic editor: V. Blagoderov
Kerr PH (2014) The
In the Nearctic, commonly found members of
Included in the new material from California is a new species that retains affinities to both
This paper presents new species of
Terminology for wing venation generally follows
All measurements are made in millimeters. Ranges are given for body length, wing length, and the mean for each of these values is provided. Measurements of holotypes are given in square brackets. The number of individuals measured is noted in parentheses. All measurements are of critical-point dried specimens. Most females were not found to be diagnostic at the species level, however based on matching color patterns and simultaneous collecting events, females were linked to conspecific males. Representative habitus images for these females are provided.
1 | Thorax yellow, light-colored dorsum contrasting with dark brown head ( |
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– | Thorax brown or black, dorsum concolorous with head, aedeagus variable | 2 |
2 | Frons bearing setae; CuP present as lightly sclerotized fold ( |
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– | Frons without setae; wing vein CuP absent (as |
3 |
3 | Apical epandrial lobes elongate, at least 5 × longer than width at base ( |
4 |
– | Apical epandrial lobes stouter, 4 × longer (or less) than width at base ( |
6 |
4 | Apical epandrial lobes slightly swollen at apex (wider than midpoint width), often curving outward ( |
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– | Apical epandrial lobes at apex as wide as midpoint width, oriented in downward in line with rest of lobe ( |
5 |
5 | Aedeagal process with upward recurved tine ( |
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– | Aedeagal process without upward recurved tine ( |
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6 | Surface of apical epandrial lobe setose ( |
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– | Surface of apical epandrial lobe lacking setae ( |
6 |
7 | Apical epandrial lobes thickened at base ( |
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– | Apical epandrial lobes not thickened at base or thickened only slightly ( |
8 |
8 | Apical epandrial lobes relatively short, approx. 2× longer than wide, turned inward so appearing as wide in posterior view as in lateral view ( |
|
– | Apical epandrial lobes not as short, approx. 2.5× longer than wide, appearing wider in posterior view than in lateral view ( |
The data underpinning the analyses reported in this paper are deposited in GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility,
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: Santa Barbara Co., UC Sedgwick Reserve, Malaise, 34.6853°N,-120.0461°W, 1–5.ii.2005 M. Caterino CSCA12L353” / “HOLOTYPE 12K450,
Paratypes (all bearing a blue paratype label): ♂, “USA: CA: Los Angeles Co., Brentwood
Additional material examined: 3 ♂♂, “MEX. Baja Calif. Norte, Arr. Santo Domingo, 5.7mi E. Hamilton Ranch / dam site, 18–IV–1963, H.B. Leech, P.H. Arnaud, Jr.” [CAS; one specimen dissected, specimen # 13M591].
Male. Body length: 2.7–2.8, 2.1 [2.7] mm (n=2). Wing length: 2.6–2.8, 2.7 [2.8] mm (n=3).
Female unknown.
The species epithet “browni” is a noun in the genitive case, named in honor of Brian V. Brown, friend, colleague, mentor, and Curator, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: San Bernardino Co., 4 km SE Wrightwood, Lone Pine Canyon,
Paratypes (all bearing a blue paratype label): ♂, “USA: CA: Los Angeles Co., 13kmNW Wrightwood, Largo Vista Rd.,
Male. Body length: 2.6–2.9, 2.8 [n/a] mm (n=4). Wing length: 2.5–2.9, 2.7 [2.9] mm (n=5).
Female unknown.
The species epithet “ignea” is an adjective, derived for the Latin word for “fiery” in reference to the typical chaparral habitat of this species, whose ecology is shaped by fire.
Holotype: “USA: CA: Yolo Co., McLaughlin NR, Clover Valley, Oak grassland, MT#1,
Paratypes (all bearing a blue paratype label): 3 ♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality as holotype [Locality
Additional material examined: 2 ♂♂, “USA: CALIFORNIA, Stanislaus County, Del Puerto Canyon, Frank Raines Park / ca 1120’, 3–IV–70, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Collector” [CAS; one specimen dissected, #13M588].
Male. Body length: 2.4–3.1, 2.8 [n/a] mm (n=5). Wing length: 2.6–2.9, 2.8 [2.9] mm (n=7).
Female. Body length: 2.6–3.1, 2.9 mm (n=3). Antennal length 1.0–1.1, 1.1 mm (n=3). Wing length: 2.6–3.2, 3.0 mm (n=3).
The species epithet “lenimenta” is an adjective, derived from the Latin word for remedy/melioration/reclamation. This name is given in thanks to the preservation efforts of Sylvia Mclaughlin and the University of California Donald and Sylvia Mclaughlin Reserve staff, including Cathy Koehler, and the Homestake Mining Company.
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., dry wash nr. S. Nature trail, MT#2,
Paratypes (all bearing blue paratype labels): 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, same locality as holotype [CSCA 2 ♀♀ including # 07Z047 (
Additional material examined:
Male. Body length: 2.5–2.9, 2.7 [2.7] mm (n=10). Wing length: 2.5–2.9, 2.6 [2.7] mm (n=10).
Female. Body length: 2.1–3.0, 2.6 mm (n=7). Antennal length: 0.6–0.8, 0.7 mm (n=7). Wing length: 2.2–2.8, 2.6 mm (n=7).
The species epithet “mckibbeni” is given to this species in honor of William Earnest “Bill” McKibben, noted author, environmental activist, and founder of
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, 0.9mi from park lot, Richardson trail,
Paratypes (all bearing blue paratype labels): ♂, “USA: CA: Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, 0.9mi from park lot, ravine near Warren Richardson trail,
Male. Body length: 2.0–2.3, 2.1 [2.2] mm (n=6). Wing length: 2.0–2.2, 2.1 [2.1] mm (n=6).
Female unknown.
The species epithet “misericordia” is a noun in apposition, derived from the Latin word for pity/mercy. The species is known only from Annadel State Park, one of 70 California state parks that were scheduled to close in 2012 by California Governor Jerry Brown. Local support has kept this park in operation, but its economic foundation remains uncertain.
♂, “Friday Harbor, Wash., July 6.05” / “OAJohannsen, Lot 114, Sub + slide, Cornell U.” / “♂ HOLOTYPE
Additional material examined:
Male. Body length: 2.3–3.0, 2.7 [2.9] mm (n=10). Wing length: 2.2–2.7, 2.5 [2.6] mm (n=10).
Female. Body length: 2.4–3.0, 2.7 mm (n=10). Antennal length: 0.6–0.8, 0.7 mm (n=10). Wing length: 2.4–2.7, 2.6 mm (n=10).
Where sympatric,
Holotype: ♂, “USA: ARIZONA: Mohave Co; 11km, ESE Kingman; Malaise nr Hualapai, Mt. Recreational Park; 5–15.vi.2012, ME Irwin; 1740m;
Paratypes (all bearing a blue paratype label): 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same locality as holotype / [CSCA; specimen numbers 13M587 (dissected ♂,
Like its putative sister taxon,
Male. Body length: 2.6–2.9, 2.8 [2.9] mm (n=6). Wing length: 2.5–2.9, 2.7 [2.5] mm (n=7).
Female. Body length: 2.6–3.3, 2.8 mm (n=4). Antennal length: 0.8–1.0, 0.9 mm (n=4). Wing length: 2.5–3.1, 2.8 mm (n=4).
The species epithet “perignea” is an adjective, derived for the Latin word for “near fiery” in reference to the distribution of this species, relative to that of its sister taxon,
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: San Luis Obispo Co., UC Rancho Marino Res., Malaise, 35.5391°N,-121.0790°W, 9–25.iv.2009 M.S. Caterino, CSCA12L333” / “HOLOTYPE 13M301,
Paratypes (all bearing blue paratype label): 3 ♂♂, ♀, same locality as holotype [SBMNH # 13M345 (♂); CSCA, specimen numbers 13M318 (dissected ♂,
Male. Body length: 2.6–2.9, 2.8 [2.9] mm (n=4). Wing length: 2.8–3.1, 3.0 [2.9] mm (n=4).
Female. Body length: 3.2 mm (n=1). Wing length: 3.0 mm (n=1). Antennal length 1.1 mm (n=1).
The species epithet “radiata” is a noun in apposition, due to the proximity of this species to
Holotype: ♂, “USA: CA: Marin: Pt. Reyes NS, LimantourRd, 2.6mi S BearVallRd, 2mMT, 38.0526°N,-122.8263°W, 13.iii–1.v.2012 P. H. Kerr, C. J. Borkent, CSCA12L022” / “HOLOTYPE 12J607,
Paratypes: ♀, “USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Humboldt Bay NWR, Lanphere Dunes, MT#3 (6m), ~6masl,
Male. Body length: 2.5–2.7, 2.6 [2.6] mm (n=3). Wing length: 2.5–2.7, 2.6 [2.6] mm (n=3).
Dorsum with evenly-distributed, short, appressed setae, bearing longer setae only along lateral and posterior margins. Antepronotum, proepisternum, and laterotergite bearing setae; remaining lateral thoracic sclerites bare. Costal wing vein extends beyond R5, approx. two-thirds distance between R5 and M1; cubital fork below, at same level or distad of r-m base; R1, M1, M2, CuA1, and CuA2 with setae on upper surface (lacking setae on M1 + M2).
Female. Body length: 2.8–3.5, 3.2 mm (n=6). Antennal length: 0.7–1.1, 0.9 mm (n=5). Wing length: 2.6–3.5, 3.1 mm (n=6).
The species name “saskia,” a noun in apposition, is given in honor of my daughter, Saskia Ana Kerr, born April 20, 2013. Just as Saskia is to our family,
The male terminalia of
Although the original description states that 35 specimens were examined, the syntype series currently consists of 22 specimens labeled as “Tetragoneura marceda Sherman, 1921” within the CNC collection. One specimen is a female
Lectotype: ♂, “Savary Id., 10.4.17 [on mount] / 473 [on back side of mount]/ R.2.3 ABSENT, ♂, Tetragoneura marceda R.S. Sherman, ♂ / TYPE, See letter [handwritten], C.B.D. Garrett / HOLOTYPE, Megophtalmidia [sic] marceda, (Sherman) 1921 [“(Sherman) 1921” on underside; handwritten label created by E.I. Coher] / Megophtalmidia [sic] marceda (Sherman) 1921, ’98 EIC [handwritten label created by E.I. Coher] / LECTOTYPE,
Paralectotypes [CNC; all specimens include additional Sherman and Garrett labels similar to that of the lectotype except specimen # 573 which lacks Garrett label and specimen # 463, which does not have any additional labels]: 5 ♂♂, ♀, “Savary Id., 10.4.17 [handwritten on mount]” specimen numbers indicated on the back of each mount: 486 (♂), 520 (♂), 598 (♂, #12K405,
Although most North American species of
More collecting efforts are needed to discover additional areas inhabited by
Many sincere thanks to Scott Brooks (CNC; Ottawa, ON), Norm Penny and Robert Zuparko (CAS; San Francisco, CA), and James K. Liebherr and Jason J. Dombroskie (CUIC; Ithaca, NY) for their loan of critical specimens. Michael Caterino (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History) and Michael E. Irwin (Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois) graciously provided material from their Malaise trap sampling throughout Southern California and Arizona, respectively. Many thanks to Stephen Gaimari (CA Dept. Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch), Patricia Raggio (Calaveras Big Trees State Park), Jay Harris (Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park), Ben Becker (Pt. Reyes National Seashore), Andrea Pickert and Pete Haggard (Lanphere Dunes, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge), Rob York (UC Berkeley, Center for Forestry, Whitaker Forest) and Cathy Koehler (UC McLaughlin Reserve) for collecting approval and very helpful field support. Raymond Williams (Technical Instruments; Burlingame, CA) assisted in the digital image capture of specimen # 13N394 (