Corresponding author: Cristiano Lopes-Andrade (
Academic editor: W. Schawaller
Three new species of
The aims of this work are to provide new records and comparative notes on
Slide preparations of male terminalia, and methods for photographing slide preparations and specimens, followed mostly
Range, mean and standard deviation are given for measurements and ratios. Measurements of antennomeres were taken from the holotypes. The following abbreviations are used for measurements and ratios: CL, length of the antennal club; EL, elytral length (median length from base of scutellum to elytral apex); EW, greatest elytral width; FL, length of the antennal funicle; GD, greatest depth of the body; PL, pronotal length along midline (including the anterior pronotal plate in males); PW, greatest pronotal width; TL, total length (EL+PL; head not included). The ratio GD/EW was taken as an indication of degree of convexity; TL/EW indicates degree of body elongation. Values for TL and TL/EW of the type series of
The distribution map (
Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology (Canberra, Australia)
Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada)
Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA)
Canadian National Collection of Insects (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada)
Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, USA)
Cristiano Lopes-Andrade Private Collection (Viçosa, MG, Brazil)
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France)
Museum für Tierkunde Dresden (Dresden, Germany)
Cerro Campana, in the province of Panamá, Panama (
The specific epithet is from the Latin“aquilonius" (adjective), which means “from the North", in reference to its occurrence at the northernmost locality for
Epipleura enlarged posteriorly, but just slightly explanate (
Male holotype (
Males, measurements in mm (n = 6, including the holotype): TL 2.00–2.84 (2.45 ± 0.32); PL 0.74–1.32 (1.02 ± 0.20); PW 1.00–1.37 (1.16 ± 0.12); EL 1.21–1.47 (1.37 ± 0.11); EW 1.05–1.42 (1.23 ± 0.12); GD 0.84–1.16 (0.97 ± 0.13). Ratios: PL/PW 0.74–0.96 (0.87 ± 0.09); EL/EW 1.04–1.17 (1.12 ± 0.05); EL/PL 1.12–1.64 (1.37 ± 0.18); GD/EW 0.74–0.88 (0.79 ± 0.05); TL/EW 1.90–2.17 (1.99 ± 0.10). The anterior plate (projected anterior margin) of pronotum in males varies from very small (
One specimen collected in an unidentified
Santarém, in the state of Pará, northern Brazil (
The specific epithet is from the Latin “egregius” (adjective), which means “singular”, “extraordinary”, in a reference to the outstanding head morphology of males.
Head of male with sides of vertex produced laterally to form a pair of triangular plates, each with acute apex (
Male holotype (
Males, measurements in mm (n = 5, including the holotype): TL 2.75–2.95 (2.87 ± 0.08); PL 1.20–1.35 (1.26 ± 0.05); PW 1.50–1.55 (1.52 ± 0.03); EL 1.50–1.65 (1.56 ± 0.05); EW 1.55–1.65 (1.57 ± 0.04); GD 1.30–1.40 (1.35 ± 0.04). Ratios: PL/PW 0.80–0.87 (0.83 ± 0.03); EL/EW 0.97–1.00 (0.99 ± 0.01); EL/PL 1.15–1.32 (1.24 ± 0.06); GD/EW 0.84–0.87 (0.86 ± 0.02); TL/EW 1.77–1.87 (1.83 ± 0.05).
Female, measurements in mm (n = 1): TL 2.50; PL 0.95; PW 1.45; EL 1.55; EW 1.50; GD 1.05. Ratios: PL/PW 0.66; EL/EW 1.03; EL/PL 1.63; GD/EW 0.70; TL/EW 1.67.
The species is currently known from a single collection in Santarém, northern Brazil (
Linhares, in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (
The specific epithet is from the Latin “occultus” (adjective), which means “hidden”, in reference to the fact that the population from the type locality stayed hidden among fungi forgotten in a field-base for near four years.
Pronotum with anterolateral angles not produced forward; lateral margins not visible from above; male with anterior projection ending in an acute apex (
Male holotype (
Males, measurements in mm (n = 15, including the holotype): TL 2.11–3.55 (2.84 ± 0.42); PL 0.84–1.70 (1.28 ± 0.25); PW 1.16–1.75 (1.48 ± 0.17); EL 1.25–1.80 (1.53 ± 0.19); EW 1.21–1.84 (1.52 ± 0.17); GD 0.95–1.47 (1.22 ± 0.16). Ratios: PL/PW 0.73–0.97 (0.86 ± 0.07); EL/EW 0.86–1.07 (1.01 ± 0.05); EL/PL 1.00–1.50 (1.22 ± 0.15); GD/EW 0.72–0.93 (0.80 ± 0.05); TL/EW 1.73–2.03 (1.86 ± 0.09). In the unique specimen from Nova Teutonia, a teneral male, pronotal and elytral bristles are larger (0.08mm and 0.15mm, respectively) than in specimens from Linhares. In small males, the anterior pronotal plate is barely projected (
26 specimens, gender not determined (2 CNCI for molecular analysis, 4 LAPC in absolute alcohol, 20 MTD), same data as holotype.
Known from two localities, in southeastern and southern Brazil (
The specimens from Viçosa (in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil;
The subspecies
1 female (MNHN)
The specimen was collected at Sarayacu Mission (
Distribution map for
1 | Epipleura enlarged posteriorly, forming a slightly or strongly explanate posterolateral margin in elytra, conspicuously or barely visible from above | 2 |
1’ | Epipleura narrowing to apex, forming a narrow, not explanate, posterolateral margin in elytra, not visible from above | 3 |
2(1) | Pronotum with lateral margins visible from above. Posterior elytral margin (outer margin of epipleura) simple (not crenulate), barely visible from above. Known from Panamá, Costa Rica and Colombia | |
2’ | Pronotum with lateral margins not visible from above. Posterior elytral margin (outer margin of epipleura) crenulate, easily visible from below and above ( |
|
3(1’) | Pronotal punctation deep and coarse, with punctures usually separated by half a puncture-width or less at disc. Anterior plate of pronotum in males devoid of tufts of very long setae and acute at apex ( |
|
3’ | Pronotal punctation shallow and fine, with punctures usually separated by about a puncture-width at disc. Anterior plate of pronotum in males with slender setae usually as long as to twice as long (or more) than an eye-width, with apex straight, barely emarginated or slightly rounded | 4 |
4(3’) | Anterior pronotal angles distinctly produced forward and somewhat acute ( |
|
4’ | Anterior pronotal angles barely produced forward and rounded ( |
The phylogenetic position of
Species of
CLA thanks Paschoal C. Grossi, Caio Antunes de Carvalho, Lucimar Soares de Araújo and Karina S. Furieri for collecting