Corresponding author: Victor H. Gonzalez (
Academic editor: Michael Ohl
A new subgenus of
Panurgine bees of the tribe
Although depauperate in andrenid bees by comparison to the temperate Andes, during the last decade several species of panurginae have been identified from the tropical Andes, from Bolivia to Venezuela (
Summary of generic and subgeneric classification of
Taxa | Species | Distribution |
---|---|---|
Genus |
1 | NA (USA) |
Genus |
65 | SA (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay) |
Genus |
2 | SA (Brazil) |
Genus |
||
Subgenus |
9 | SA (Argentina, Chile) |
Subgenus |
9 | SA (Chile) |
Subgenus |
3 | SA (Chile) |
Subgenus |
1 | SA (Chile) |
Subgenus |
4 | SA (Argentina, Chile) |
Subgenus |
3 | SA (Chile) |
Subgenus |
4 | SA (Chile) |
Genus |
1 | SA (Chile) |
Genus |
7 | SA (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay) |
Genus |
||
Subgenus |
7 | SA (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela) |
Subgenus |
1 | SA (Chile) |
Subgenus |
41 | NA, CA, SA |
Subgenus |
1 | NA (Mexico, USA) |
Subgenus |
1 | SA (Argentina, Chile) |
Subgenus |
~50 | NA, CA, SA |
Subgenus |
~40 | NA, CA (Canada to Guatemala) |
Genus |
~80 | SA (Argentina, Brazil, Chile) |
Genus |
33 | NA, CA (USA to Costa Rica) |
Genus |
||
Subgenus |
5 | SA (Brazil, Paraguay) |
Subgenus |
21 | SA (Brazil, Argentina) |
Subgenus |
3 | SA (Brazil, Argentina) |
|
||
Genus |
1 | SA (Argentina) |
Morphological terminology follows that of
The new subgenus can be recognized easily by the following combination of characters: body predominantly dark brown to black with reduced yellow maculations; forewing with two submarginal cells (e.g.,
The new genus-group name is a combination of Andes, referring to the Andean distribution of this group of bees, and
In addition to the type species,
The subgenus occurs at mid- and high elevations (1100–3400 m) in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru. Two species groups (one consisting of
The general habitus of
Summary of currently included species in
Taxon | Sexes known | Distribution | Elevation (m.s.l.) | Male | Female | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antennal flagellum | Spines of SV | Antennal flagellum | ||||
“bachue species group” | ||||||
♂ | Ecuador: Napo | 2438 | weakly crenulate | + | ? | |
♂♀ | Colombia: Boyacá, Cundinamarca | 2830–3380 | strongly crenulate | + | weakly crenulate | |
♀ | Venezuela: Mérida | 2360 | ? | ? | unmodified | |
♂♀ | Colombia: Boyacá, Cundinamarca | 2600–2830 | unmodified | + | unmodified | |
♂ | Ecuador: Napo, Pichincha | 3150 | strongly crenulate | + | ? | |
“ |
||||||
♂♀ | Colombia: Antioquia | 2000 | unmodified | – | unmodified | |
♂♀ | Peru: Pasco | 1100–1780 | unmodified | – | unmodified |
♂ (
♂, Ecuador: Napo, Baeza (22 Kms. W.), 15 May 1975, elev. 8000ft. / Collected by sweeping net above damp road bed / Collected by Ashley B. Gurney (SEMC).
The male of this species can easily be recognized by the antennal flagellum weakly crenulate on the posterior surface (
Color dark brown to black, except apex of mandible reddish brown and clypeus with yellow maculation as in
Head with sparse, long (2.5–3.0× OD), semierect, poorly-branched, black setae except brownish setae on condylar and outer grooves of mandible, gena posteriorly, and hypostomal area; scape with long setae, 2× as long as maximum scape diameter. Pronotum with short (0.5–1.0× OD), dense, brownish setae along dorsal margin and pronotal lobe; mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum with two types of setae: sparse, long (2.5–3.0× OD), erect, poorly-branched, black setae, and dense, short (0.5× OD), brownish setae; mesepisternum and lateral and posterior areas of propodeum with mostly sparse, long (2.5–3.0× OD), erect, branched, brownish setae; legs with setae mostly brownish, longer and denser on coxae, trochanters, and profemur. Metasoma with terga mostly bare, with minute (≤ 0.3× OD), semierect, sparse ferruginous setae on discs, laterally with denser and longer setae; TVI with long (2× OD), semierect, dark brown setae on disc, setae denser on TVII; sterna with sparse, short (1× OD), semierect setae, denser and longer on sides of each sternum.
Outer surface of mandible and basal area of labrum smooth and shiny, impunctate; clypeus with sparse (1–1.5× PW), faint punctures, integument between punctures imbricate; supraclypeal area with scattered punctures laterally, weakly imbricate, shinier than on clypeus medially; subantennal area and inferior paraocular area with punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument strongly imbricate to nearly granular (as on remainder of face); remaining areas of face with coarse punctures, contiguous, smaller than on clypeus; gena strongly imbricate with faint punctures. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum with small, dense punctures (≤ 1× PW), integument granular between punctures; mesepisternum strongly imbricate with scattered (1–2.0× PW), faint punctures, punctures coarser and denser dorsally; metepisternum transversely weakly striate near wing base, otherwise strongly imbricate. Propodeum strongly imbricate with fine and weak striae basally, lateral and posterior surfaces with faint, scattered punctures. Metasomal terga and sterna shiny, weakly imbricate with minute, scattered (2–3.0× PW) punctures on discs, punctures coarser and denser on TVII; distal margins of terga shiny, weakly imbricate, impunctate except on TVII.
Male of
Male terminalia of
The specific epithet is a matronym honoring Mrs. Amy Comfort de Gonzalez, loving and supporting wife of the senior author.
♂, Peru: Pasco Dept. [Departamento] San Miguel Eneñas, NW Villa Rica-Puerto Bermudas Rd., 1780 m,
(
Both sexes of
Color dark reddish brown to black, without yellow maculations. Wing membranes subhyaline, slightly brownish, veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Head with sparse, long (2.5–3.0× OD), semierect, poorly-branched, black setae except brownish setae on condylar and outer grooves of mandible, gena posteriorly, and hypostomal area; scape with long setae, 2× as long as maximum scape diameter. Pronotum with short (0.5–1.0× OD), dense, brownish setae along dorsal margin and pronotal lobe; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with two types of dark brown setae: sparse, long (1.5–2.0× OD), erect, poorly-branched setae, and short (0.5–1.0× OD), slightly denser setae; metanotum with short setae as on mesoscutellum; mesepisternum and lateral and posterior areas of propodeum with very sparse, long (1.5–2.0× OD), erect, branched, brownish setae; legs with setae mostly brownish, longer and denser on coxae, trochanters, and profemur. Metasomal terga with minute (≤ 0.3× OD), semierect, dense ferruginous setae on discs, laterally with denser and longer setae; TVI with long (1.5–2× OD), semierect, dark brown setae on disc, setae denser on TVII; sterna with sparse, short, semierect setae (1.5× OD) on discs, denser and longer laterally; preapical margin of SIV with few, semierect thick setae, each seta consisting of short rachis with three or four long branches, resembling scales or bundles of several setae at low magnifications.
Outer surface of mandible and basal area of labrum smooth and shiny, impunctate; clypeus with sparse (1–1.5× PW), faint punctures, integument between punctures weakly imbricate basally, becoming nearly smooth and shiny toward apex; supraclypeal area with scattered punctures laterally, weakly imbricate, medially shiny as on clypeus; remaining areas of face with coarse punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument strongly imbricate to nearly granular, punctures becoming weaker and sparser on vertex; gena strongly imbricate with faint punctures. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum with small, sparse punctures, integument granular between punctures; mesepisternum strongly imbricate with scattered (1–2.0× PW), faint punctures, punctures coarser and denser dorsally; metepisternum transversely weakly striate near wing base, otherwise strongly imbricate. Propodeum strongly imbricate with few fine, weak striae basally (barely visible), lateral and posterior surfaces with faint, scattered punctures. Metasomal terga and sterna shiny, lineolate-imbricate with minute punctures separated by about two puncture widths on discs, punctures coarser and denser on TVII, sparser on sterna; distal margins of terga shiny, weakly imbricate, impunctate except on TVII.
Male of
Male terminalia of
Female of
The specific epithet refers to the distinctly depressed meso- and metafemora of the female of the species.
1♂, Ecuador, Pich. [Pichincha], Quito (48 KmS), 6 May 1975, Ashley Gurney (USNM).
This species was previously known from the male holotype collected in Papallacta, Napo (Ecuador).
1 | Forewing with three submarginal cells (occasional individuals have only two) (North and Central America) | |
– | Forewing with two submarginal cells |
|
2(1) | Propodeal triangle basally pubescent (metasoma often red or largely so) (Nearctic) |
|
– | Propodeal triangle basally glabrous |
|
3(2) | Metatibial spurs strongly curved at apices; first submarginal cell on posterior margin shorter than second (Chile) |
|
– | Metatibial spurs or at least one of them slightly curved or almost straight; first submarginal cell on posterior margin about as long as or longer than second |
|
4(3) | Gonostylus less than one-third as long as gonocoxite; SVI scarcely notched apically (face black) (South America) |
|
– | Gonostylus over one-half as long as gonocoxite; SVI with deep midapical notch or slit |
|
5(4) | Mesoscutum with punctures well marked, many of them separated by spaces larger than their diameters; SVI with midapical emargination narrow, deep (North and Central America) |
|
– | Mesoscutum with punctures very small, homogeneous, commonly dense; SVI midapical emargination U- or V-shaped |
|
6(5) | TVII gently or strongly projected medially on distal margin; gonostylus with long branched setae apically, partially fused to gonocoxite, at least ventrally |
|
– | TVII not projecting medially on distal margin, straight or with V-shaped median emargination ( |
|
1 | Forewing with three submarginal cells (only two in occasional individuals) (North and Central America) | |
– | Forewing with two submarginal cells |
|
2(1) | Tibial scopa of rather long, abundant setae with clearly visible branches (North and Central America) |
|
– | Tibial scopa of sparser setae that lack branches, or some of them with few, minute branches |
|
3(2) | Propodeal triangle basally pubescent (metasoma often largely red) (Nearctic) |
|
– | Propodeal triangle basally glabrous |
|
4(3) | Metatibial spurs strongly curved at apices; anterior tentorial pit at intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci |
|
– | Metatibial spurs not strongly curved at apices; anterior tentorial pit not at intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci, just below or above intersection |
|
5(4) | First submarginal cell on posterior margin shorter than second; face with yellow areas (Chile) |
|
– | First submarginal cell on posterior margin longer than second; face black (South America) |
|
6(4) | Anterior tentorial pit in epistomal sulcus slightly to distinctly below intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci; propodeum usually with dorsal surface at most as long as metanotum |
|
– | Anterior tentorial pit at outer subantennal sulcus, just above intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci; propodeum with dorsal surface longer than metanotum |
|
Note that the male of
1 | Clypeus without cream or yellow maculations; F1 short, about as long as F2; face and disc of mesoscutum weakly shiny; SV without spines on midapical margin, with fringe of normal, minutely-branched setae; TVII with distal margin straight, not medially emarginate |
|
– | Clypeus with cream or yellow maculations; F1 distinctly longer than F2; face and disc of mesoscutum dull; SV with distinctly stout, short spines on midapical margin ( |
|
2(1) | SVII with apical lobes narrow, parallel-sided, retrorse section of apex comma-shaped ( |
|
– | SVII with apical lobes not parallel-sided, much broader apically (apex about twice as broad as base), retrorse section of apex not comma-shaped ( |
|
3(1) | Antennal flagellum weakly ( |
|
– | Antennal flagellum unmodified, not crenulate on posterior surface ( |
|
4(3) | Antennal flagellum strongly crenulate on posterior surface, with deep concavity between flagellomeres ( |
|
– | Antennal flagellum weakly crenulate on posterior surface, without deep concavity between flagellomeres ( |
|
5(4) | F8 and F9 crenulate; SV midapical row of spines of unequal sizes, distal two spines distinctly longer ( |
|
– | F8 and F9 unmodified, not crenulate ( |
Note that the females of
1 | Antennal flagellum unmodified, not crenulate |
|
– | Antennal flagellum modified, weakly crenulate on posterior surface of F1–F5 (Colombia: Boyacá, Cundinamarca) | |
2(1) | F1 about as long as F2; discs of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum shiny, weakly imbricate between punctures; metatibia with brownish to whitish scopal setae |
|
– | F1 distinctly longer than F2; discs of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dull, strongly imbricate between punctures; metatibia with dark brown to black scopal setae |
|
3(2) | Mesofemur with posterior surface and metafemur with anterior and posterior surfaces distinctly depressed ( |
|
– | Meso- and metafemora unmodified, not distinctly depressed (Colombia: Antioquia) | |
4(2) | Small bees (head width 1.6–1.7 mm; body length 5.6–6.3 mm) (Colombia: Boyacá, Cundinamarca) | |
– | Larger bees (head width 1.9–2.1 mm; body length 7.8 mm) (Venezuela) | |
Representative features of
We are grateful to S. Brady and B. Harris for bringing this material to our attention and permitting its study, to I.A. Hinojosa-Díaz for assistance with microphotography (