Corresponding author: Runzhi Zhang (
Academic editor: Terry Erwin
In 2008, we collected a series of specimens of a
In addition to the description of the adult characters, we also provide some biological data for the new species after one year of survey in the Beijing area.
Materials examined of new species for this study are to be deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS), the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (MNCN), the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (ZIN), the Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław (MNHW) and the Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing (BBG).
Type specimens were obtained from ZIN on loan or belong to IZCAS and their data are summarised in
List of studied type specimens and depositories.
Species | Depository | Examined type material |
---|---|---|
IZCAS | 2 paratypes | |
IZCAS | Holotype and 1 paratype | |
ZIN | 1 paratype | |
ZIN | 1 paratype | |
ZIN | Holotype | |
ZIN | 1 paratype | |
ZIN | Holotype | |
IZCAS | Holotype and 3 paratypes | |
ZIN | 2 paratypes |
Descriptions were made and photographs were taken with a CCD Qimagine MicroPublisher 5.0 RTV mounted on a Zeiss SteREO Discovery V.12. Extended focus images were generated with Auto-Montage Pro 5.03.0061 and edited with Adobe Photoshop CS 5.0 if required. Microscopic slides were studied under a Leica DM 2500 microscope and photos were taken with a Nikon CoolPix 5400. The map was made with the software ArcGIS 9.3. Drawings were made from the original photographs by using the software Adobe Illustrator CS5.0, or directly by using a drawing tube linked to the microscope.
Nomenclature of the rostral parts follows
The dissecting method used follows
After description, the genitalia and other parts of each specimen were placed in DMHF on a plastic card for long term conservation (
Labels are described as they are (in Chinese), with pinyin romanization or comments in square brackets; labels are separated by semicolons and lines by slashes.
This new species resembles
(male holotype, except where indicated).
With the general characters of genus
Types of
Sexual dimorphism rather weak in this species, females differ from males by a weakly thinner and more evenly curved rostrum with a brighter and less sculptured metarostrum, and all the tibiae without mucros.
Holotype: ♂: (white, printed): 北京植物园樱桃沟 [Běijīng zhíwùyuán Yīngtáogōu] / 2008.VI.1 / Leg. 王志良 [Wáng Zhìliáng]; (white, printed): IOZ(E)1638667, deposited in IZCAS. This is the Beijing Botanical Garden at Yingtaogou (
10♂10♀: (white, printed): 北京香山植物园樱桃沟 [Běijīng Xiāngshān Zhíwùyuán Yīngtáogōu] / 2008.VIII.19 / leg. 王志良 [Wáng Zhìliáng]; (white, printed): IOZ(E)1638781, IOZ(E)1638801, IOZ(E)1638771-1638779, IOZ(E)1638791-1638799, to be deposited in MNCN.
1♂1♀: (white, printed): 北京香山植物园樱桃沟 [Běijīng Xiāngshān Zhíwùyuán Yīngtáogōu] / 2008.VIII.19 / leg. 王志良 [Wáng Zhìliáng]; (white, printed): IOZ(E)1638780, IOZ(E)1638800, to be deposited in BBG.
1♂1♀: (white, printed): 北京香山植物园樱桃沟 [Běijīng Xiāngshān Zhíwùyuán Yīngtáogōu] / 2008.VIII.19 / leg. 王志良 [Wáng Zhìliáng]; (white, printed): IOZ(E)1638783, IOZ(E)1638803, to be deposited in ZINM.
1♂1♀: (white, printed): 北京香山植物园樱桃沟 [Běijīng Xiāngshān Zhíwùyuán Yīngtáogōu] / 2008.VIII.19 / leg. 王志良 [Wáng Zhìliáng]; (white, printed): IOZ(E)1638782, IOZ(E)1638802, to be deposited in MNHW.
The male holotype has not been dissected to avoid any damage, since there are many specimens collected with it.
The new species is named after the first locality where it was found during a collecting visit: the Beijing Botanical Garden. It is a Latin adjective.
The species is known for the moment only from the municipality of Beijing and the province of Shaanxi.
During this research, we were able to study types of several of the species placed in the genera
The systematic placement of
Previously, the genus
Distribution of the species of
Some of these species are described only from one sex, which makes it difficult to key all of the Chinese species. However, we have tried to provide a key to the known Chinese species (see below). Consequently, more field work is needed to gather specimens of both sexes, and complete our knowledge. We have not studied specimens of
This key includes also
1 | Meso- and metatibiae mucronate. (males) | 2 |
– | Meso- and metatibiae unarmed. (females) | 4 |
2 | Body length 3.1–3.6 mm. Elytral interstrial scales minute, shorter than 1/3 width of interestria, subtransparent, elytra appearing glabrous |
|
– | Body length 1.3-2.2 mm. Elytral interstrial scales larger, longer than 2/3 of the interstrial width, white or dark brown, elytra appearing pubescent | 3 |
3 | Body length in general smaller: 1.3–1.6 mm. Body dark reddish-brown, appendages light reddish-brown. Pedicel little longer than wide |
|
– | Body length in general larger: 1.5–2.2 mm. Body and appendages dark brown to piceous black. Pedicel at least 2 × as long as wide | |
4 | Body length more than 3.7 mm. Rostrum ca. 2.5 × as long as pronotum. Elytra short, rounded, in side view strongly convex. Scutellum large, base about as wide as interocular distance, triangular, sides straight; in side view completely prominent above elytral outline |
|
– | Body length less than 3.7 mm. Elytra oblong-eliptical, in side view moderately convex. Scutellum small, base at most 2/3 as wide as interocular distance, sides concave, forming a basal subpentagonal area prolonged apically in a shaft; in side view, at most some of the tubercles prominent above elytral outline | 5 |
5 | Body length more than 2.5 mm. Elytral interstrial scales minute, shorter than 1/3 width of interestria, subtransparent, elytra appearing glabrous | 6 |
– | Body length less than 2.5 mm.Elytral interstrial scales larger, longer than 2/3 width of interstria, white or dark brown, elytra appearing pubescent | 3 |
6 | Rostrum ca. 1.8 × as long as pronotum, robust, mesorostrum wider than interocular distance. Basal tubercles of scutellum large, acutely prominent in side view. Body length: 3.1–3.6 mm |
|
– | Rostrum ca. 2.0 × as long as pronotum, fine, mesorostrum at most as wide as interocular distance. Basal tubercles of scutellum small, hardly visible in side view. Body length: 2.7 mm |
|
Comparative diagnostic characters for
|
||
---|---|---|
Scales on pronotal disc | Finer, sparser, shorter, tips of posterior scales not or hardly reaching the base of anterior ones | Thicker, denser and longer, tips of posterior scales surpassing the anterior by almost the basal half |
Scape | Slender, ca. 0.26 mm long, 7.20–7.60× as long as wide, 1.66–1.85× as long as mesorostral width | Robust, ca. 0.20 mm long, 5.00–5.80× as long as wide, 1.24–1.67× as long as mesorostral width |
Rostrum (♀) | Longer, 1.91–2.25× as long as pronotum, thinner, 7.35–10.30× as long as maximum width | Shorter, 1.35–1.53× as long as pronotum, more robust, 4.00–5.07× as long as maximum width |
Metarostrum (dorsal view) | Microreticulate | Nearly smooth |
Pronotum | Strong subapical constriction and sides moderately rounded behind it | Weaker subapical constriction, sides weakly rounded behind it |
Prescutellar fovea | Deep, distinct, lanceolate, not prolonged apicad | Shallow, indistinct, sublinear, prolonged apicad to middle |
Scutellum | Two basal tubercles separated medially by a distinctly deep notch, in anterior view tubercles not fused basally | Two basal tubercles separated medially by a weak notch, in anterior view tubercles basally fused |
We thank Marek Wanat for kindly providing us references and many good advices, Boris A. Korotyaev for lending paratypes, Steven R. Davis for doing the linguistic review before submission, Yang Ganyan for collecting specimens, Zhou Dakang for providing information about the host plants, Yin Ziwei and Nico M. Franz for providing the brush-pencil Plug-ins of Adobe Illustrator. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions considerably improved our work. This research has been supported by an Invited Professor Award (2009) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the senior author and by project grant CGL2010–15786 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain).