Corresponding author: Mei-Jun Zhao (
Academic editor: Roberto Poggi
A total of three Chinese species of the genus
Eight species of the genus
Species of
During several recent collecting trips conducted in South and Southwest China, the authors and their colleagues collected some
All specimens were collected from the leaf litter of the forest floor by sifting. They were killed with ethylacetate and then dried. Dissections were done in 75% ethanol. The genital organs and other dissected parts were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Geselschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides that were placed on the same pin as the specimen. Photos were taken by a Canon EOS 40D Camera mounted with an MP-E 65 mm Macro Photo Lens or by a Canon G9 Camera mounted on an Olympus CX31 microscope; line drawings were made using Adobe Illustrator CS2.
Slash (/) is used to separate different lines on the same label. The terminology of foveal system follows
The following acronyms are used in the text:
length of body (= hl+pl+el+al)
maximum length of head, measured from anterior margin of clypeus to posterior base, excluding occiput
maximum width of head, measured across eyes
length of pronotum, measured along midline
maximum with of pronotum
length of elytra, measured along sutural line
maximum width of elytra
maximum length of abdomen
maximum width of abdomen.
Measurements were made based on a random sample of 45 specimens, unite is in millimeter.
All specimens studied are deposited in the Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC).
Nan-ling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, South China
(7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀)
Measurements: male (female). BL 2.62–2.72 (2.40–2.56), HL 0.58–0.63 (0.58–0.60), HW 0.52–0.55 (0.49–0.50), PL 0.56–0.58 (0.55–0.56), PW 0.58–0.59 (0.53–0.57), EL 0.87–0.89 (0.77–0.78), EW 0.93–0.94 (0.84–0.88), AL 0.61–0.62 (0.50–0.62), AW 0.83–0.85 (0.80–0.81). Length of aedeagus 0.41. Width of female genitalia 0.32.
Male (
Abdomen with tergite IV largest, V–VI about same length and successively narrowed, tergite (
Female. Slightly smaller than male; each eye comprised of about 15 facets; maxillary palpi, legs and tergite VII lacking modifications; tergite VIII as in
Male habitus of
Head and pronotum of
Details of
One female specimen has tergite VII with median protuberance, but it is identical to other females in all characters including female genitalia. Thus, females of this species are most probably polymorphic in this character. Such polymorphism in
Mengyang Nature Reserve, South Yunnan Province, Southwest China.
(13 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀)
Measurements: male (female). BL 2.55–2.61 (2.42–2.57), HL 0.56–0.58 (0.55–0.56), HW 0.51–0.52 (0.50–0.51), PL 0.57–0.58 (0.56–0.57), PW 0.56–0.57 (0.55–0.56), EL 0.81–0.82 (0.73–0.75), EW 0.89–0.92 (0.90–0.92), AL 0.61–0.63 (0.58–0.69), AW 0.83–0.85 (0.86–0.88). Length of aedeagus 0.52. Width of female genitalia 0.28.
Eyes of male comprised of about 25 facets, of female of about 15 facets.
Detailed description of
Details of
Details of
Details of
Known from Meng-yang and Na-ban-he Nature Reserves of Yunnan Province, Southwest China.
Seven females out of nine studied have tergite VII with short, blunt to long, sharp median protuberance, but all morphological characters including genitalia are identical also with those two specimens lacking modified tergite VII. Thus, we believe that in some species of
Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, Southwest China
(2 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀)
Measurements: male (female). BL 2.54–2.63 (2.49–2.57), HL 0.59–0.60 (0.59–0.62), HW 0.51–0.52 (0.51–0.52), PL 0.56–0.57 (0.55–0.56), PW 0.55–0.57 (0.55–0.56), EL 0.74–0.75 (0.73–0.75), EW 0.90–0.91 (0.85–0.88), AL 0.63–0.69 (0.61–0.64), AW 0.76–0.80 (0.78–0.80). Length of aedeagus 0.50. Width of female genitalia 0.27.
General morphology similar to
Details of
Known only from the type locality.
The new species is named after its long postocular margins.
The new species may be distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the male secondary sexual characters,
All the Chinese species are externally very similar, thus, a faithful identification must be based on the dissection of the male and female genital organs combined with certain male secondary sexual characters included in the following key.
1 | Male: fourth maxillary palpomere with tuft of dense and short setae on exterior margin; mesotibiae lacking apical protuberance ( |
|
– | Male: maxillary palpi unmodified, mesotibiae with apical protuberance; aedeagus elongate, not fitting above. Female: sternite VIII not as in |
2 |
2 | Postocular margins not straight, shorter than anterior half of head ( |
|
– | Postocular margins straight, about as long as anterior half of head ( |
The authors thank Drs. S. A. Kurbatov and Ivan Löbl for sending reprints of their papers. The collectors mentioned in the text are acknowledged for making the specimens available to the present study. Sincere thanks also go to the two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on this manuscript. The present study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30870323) and the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No. 10ZR1421600).