Corresponding author: Yu-Hong Pan (
Academic editor: V. Assing
Two new species,
The
Among the specimens we collected from China recently, the male of
The specimens examined in this paper were collected by sifting leaf litter in forests. For an examination of the male genitalia, the last three abdominal segments were detached from the body after softening in hot water. The aedeagi, together with other dissected parts, were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Photos of sexual characters were taken with a Canon G9 camera attached to an Olympus SZX 16 stereoscope; habitus photos were taken with a Canon macro photo lens MP-E 65 mm attached to a Canon EOS40D camera.
The type specimens treated in this study are deposited in the following public and private collections:
Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, P. R. China
private collection V. Puthz, Schlitz, Germany
private collection G. de Rougemont, London, England
The measurements of proportions are abbreviated as follows:
body length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the posterior margin of abdominal tergite X
forebody length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the apicolateral angle of elytra
width of head including eyes
width of pronotum
width of elytra
length of pronotum
length of elytra, measured from humeral angle
length of elytral suture
Male. Sternite VII (
Habitus of
The duct of the spermatheca may be folded to different degrees (
China (Hainan Province: Diaoluoshan).
Female. Sternite VIII (
Habitus of
In the original description, the elytral mark of the species was described as obsolete. In fact, there is an indistinct elongate orange mark in the lateral portion of each elytron (
China (Guangdong Province: Nanling).
BL: 3.5–3.9 mm; FL: 1.6–1.8 mm.
HW: 0.72–0.79 mm, PW: 0.53–0.55 mm, PL: 0.55–0.60 mm, EW: 0.60–0.68 mm, EL: 0.59–0.66 mm, SL: 0.44–0.49 mm.
Brachypterous; body brownish except for the blackish head, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown, each elytron with an elongate ill-defined orange mark near lateral side, this mark 1/3 to 1/2 as long and about 1/3 to 2/5 as broad as the respective elytron.
Head 1.16–1.21 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two broad longitudinal furrows, median portion convex dorsally, not reaching level of inner eye margins; punctation round and slightly confluent, uniform except for several large punctures at posterior part of median portion; diameter of large punctures about as wide as antennal segment II in cross-section, interstices between punctures smooth, mostly narrower than half the diameter of punctures, those along midline much wider, forming a broad impunctate line. Relative length of antennal segments from base to apex 12: 9: 20: 11: 10.5: 10.5: 9: 6.5: 7: 8: 10.5. Paraglossae oval.
Pronotum 1.05–1.09 times as long as wide, 0.81–0.88 times as wide as elytra; disk with shallow median longitudinal furrow about 1/2 the length of pronotum; punctures round and moderately confluent, smaller in size than largest punctures on head, interstices smooth, narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Elytra 0.96–0.98 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins gently divergent posteriad; disk almost even; punctures round to elliptic, uniform, slightly coarser than those of pronotum, interstices smooth, narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Legs with hind tarsi 0.72–0.78 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomere IV strongly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and smooth, present only at abdominal segment III, tergite VII with indistinct palisade fringe; punctation of tergite III–VIII sparse and shallow, gradually becoming finer posteriad, interstices smooth, varying from narrower to much wider than diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VII with shallow emargination at middle of posterior margin and a depression before it; sternite VIII (
Female. Sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Guangxi Province: Huaping).
The new species resembles
This species is named in honor of Mr. Zhang Ding-Heng, administrator of the Huaping Nature Reserve, who provided help in various ways during our field work.
All the specimens were collected by sifting the leaves of bamboo and broad-leaved shrubs in a thick forest (
BL: 4.3 mm; FL: 2.0 mm.
HW: 0.81–0.82 mm, PW: 0.60–0.61 mm, PL: 0.63–0.64 mm, EW: 0.76 mm, EL:0.71–0.72 mm, SL: 0.54–0.55 mm.
Brachypterous; body brownish black, head darker, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown, each elytron with a large elongate orange mark near lateral margin, this mark 4/5 as long as and about 3/5 as broad as the respective elytron.
Head 1.07–1.08 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two broad longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, almost reaching the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, slightly larger and sparser in median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II, interstices between punctures smooth, mostly narrower than half the diameter of punctures, those along midline a little wider. Relative length of antennal segments from base to apex 15: 9: 24: 14: 12: 9.5: 9.5: 6.5: 7: 8: 10. Paraglossae oval.
Pronotum 1.04–1.05 times as long as wide, 0.80–0.81 times as wide as elytra; disk with distinct median longitudinal furrow, this furrow about half the length of pronotum; punctation round and confluent, similar to that of head, interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except for those in median furrow, which may be wider.
Elytra 0.94–0.95 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins gently divergent posteriad; punctation similar to that of pronotum, but slightly coarser, interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Legs with hind tarsi 0.74–0.75 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomere IV strongly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and smooth, present only in abdominal segment III, posterior margin of tergite VII with indistinct palisade fringe; punctation of tergite III–VIII sparse and shallow, gradually becoming finer posteriad, interstices smooth, varying from narrower to much wider than diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VII with inconspicuous emargination at middle of posterior margin, anterior to this emargination flattened; sternite VIII (
Female. Sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Guangxi Province: Mao’ershan).
The new species resembles
The specific name is derived from “Mao’ershan”, the type locality of this species.
The female specimen was collected by sifting the leaves of bamboo and broad-leaved shrubs near the mountain summit, the male specimen was collected by beating grass along a drain exposed in sunshine.
1 | Paraglossae coniform ( |
2 |
– | Paraglossae oval ( |
3 |
2 | Body on average broader and larger; punctation of abdominal tergites VI and VII denser, interstices at most as wide as punctures. Habitus: Fig. 5 in |
|
– | Body on average narrower and slightly smaller; punctation of abdominal tergites VI and VII less dense, interstices up to twice as wide as punctures. Habitus: Fig. 6 in |
|
3 | Abdominal tergite III without paratergites | 4 |
– | Abdominal tergite III with paratergites | 5 |
4 | Elytra unicolored; pronotum and elytra with smooth interstices. Habitus: |
|
– | Elytra bicolored; pronotum and elytra with more strongly sculptured interstices. Spermatheca: Fig. 14 in Puthz, 2003; male unknown. BL: 3.0–4.2 mm | |
5 | Tergites and sternites of abdominal segments IV–VI separated by sutures | 6 |
– | Tergites and sternites of abdominal segments IV–VI fused without sutures | 7 |
6 | Elytra strongly glossy with irregular and slightly confluent punctation, interstices smooth. Sexual characters: Figs 15, 16 in Puthz, 2003. BL: 2.6–3.4 mm | |
– | Elytra slightly glossy with regular and deep, less distinctly confluent punctation. Sexual characters: Figs 35–39 in |
|
7 | Smaller species, BL ≥ 3.5 mm; elytra unicolored | 8 |
– | Larger species, BL ≤ 3.0 mm; elytra bicolored, with elytral marks or with lateral elytral portion lighter | 10 |
8 | Punctation of forebody moderately dense, interstices strongly glossy, punctures defined. Aedeagus: Fig. 26 in Puthz, 2003. BL: 2.5–3.5 mm | |
– | Punctation of forebody very dense, interstices weakly glossy at most, punctures less defined | 9 |
9 | Interstices of pronotal punctation distinctly reticulate. Habitus: Fig. 4 in |
|
– | Interstices of pronotal punctation indistinctly reticulate. Habitus: Fig. 2 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005; sexual characters: Figs 8–11 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005. BL: 2.3–3.2 mm | |
10 | Head narrower than or slightly wider than elytra | 11 |
– | Head distinctly wider than elytra | 13 |
11 | Head slightly wider than elytra; elytra wider than long. Aedeagus: Fig. 1 in Puthz, 1983; female unknown. BL: 3.0–3.5 mm | |
– | Head distinctly narrower than elytra; elytra longer than wide. Two very similar species with fully developed wings | 12 |
12 | Aedeagus with narrow apical sclerotized portion, pointed at apex: Fig. 3 in Puthz, 1998. BL: 3.5–4.7 mm | |
– | Aedeagus with broad apical sclerotized portion, rounded at apex: Fig. 4 in Puthz, 1998. BL: 3.3–4,7 mm | |
13 | Punctation of frons sparse and heterogeneous | 14 |
– | Punctation of frons dense and almost uniform | 15 |
14 | Elytral marks very distinct; punctation of elytra very dense, interstices of basal half of elytra narrow, forming sharp rugae. Male characters: Figs 11, 12 in Puthz, 2003; female unknown. BL: 3.0–4.0 mm | |
– | Elytral marks faint; punctation of elytra less dense, interstices of basal half of elytra relatively broad, not forming sharp rugae. Habitus: |
|
15 | Punctation of pronotum and elytra dense, but not confluent | 16 |
– | Punctation of pronotum and elytra very dense and confluent, that of the pronotum irregular. Species reliably identified only by their sexual characters | 19 |
16 | Elytral marks very indistinct; punctation of pronotum homogeneous and mostly well defined. Habitus: Fig. 2 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008; sexual characters: Figs 8–12 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008. BL: 3.4–4.0 mm | |
– | Elytral marks distinct; punctation of pronotum heterogeneous and/or moderately confluent | 17 |
17 | Punctation on elytral marks very sparse, interstices partly wider than diameter of punctures. Male characters: Figs 9, 10 in Puthz, 2003; female unknown. BL: 3.2–4.2 mm | |
– | Punctation on elytral marks dense, interstices slightly wider than half the diameter of punctures | 18 |
18 | Body larger, BL 3.8–4.5 mm, FL 1.9–2.1 mm; elytral marks longer than half the elytra, extending towards humeral angles. Habitus: Fig. 3 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005; sexual characters: Figs 12–15 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005 | |
– | Body smaller, BL 3.2–4.1 mm, FL 1.6–1.7 mm; elytral marks shorter than half of elytral length, not extending towards humeral angles. Habitus: Fig. 1 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005; sexual characters: Figs 4–7 in Tang, Li and Zhao 2005 | |
19 | Punctation of elytra very dense and confluent; male apical emargination of abdominal sternite VIII broad and shallow: Fig. 7 in |
20 |
– | Punctation of elytra less dense, and less confluent; male apical emargination of abdominal sternite VIII narrower, rounded: Fig. 12 in |
21 |
20 | Elytral marks shorter, not extending towards humeral angles. Habitus: Fig. 1 in |
|
– | Elytral marks longer, extending towards humeral angles. Sexual characters: Figs 19, 20 in Puthz, 2003. BL: 3.5–4.7 mm | |
21 | Elytral marks distinct, less than half the length of elytra; punctation of pronotum less confluent. Habitus: Fig. 3 in |
|
– | Elytral marks more than half the length of elytra (elytral marks of |
22 |
22 | Median longitudinal pronotal furrow deep, with interstices as wide as diameter of punctures. Habitus: |
|
– | Median longitudinal pronotal furrow shallow or indistinct, with interstices narrower than half the diameter of punctures | 23 |
23 | Body larger, FL 2.0–2.2mm | 24 |
– | Body smaller, FL 1.8–1.9mm | 25 |
24 | Head relatively wide, HW 0.87–0.96mm, HW/EW 1.12–1.17. Habitus: Fig. 3 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008; sexual characters: Figs 13–16 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008. BL: 4.2–4.9 mm | |
– | Head relatively narrow, HW 0.79–0.91mm, HW/EW 1.06–1.12. Habitus: Fig. 2 in |
|
China (Jiangxi: Sanqingshan; Zhejiang: Gutianshan) | ||
25 | Punctation of pronotum heterogeneous, with moderately coarse to very coarse punctures; elytral marks distinct. Male characters: Figs 17, 18 in Puthz, 2003; female unknown. BL: 3.6–4.3 mm | |
– | Punctation of pronotum uniform, very coarse; elytral marks indistinct. Habitus: Fig. 1 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008; sexual characters: Figs 4–7 in Tang, Zhao and Li 2008. BL: 3.9–4.5 mm |
Habitat of
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. V. Puthz (Germany) for his constant guidance on our study of Chinese