Corresponding author: Cornelis van Achterberg (
Academic editor: Michael Sharkey
The species of seventeen genera of
Sixty-five species are recognised, of which twelve species are newly recorded for Vietnam:
Forty-two species are new to science:
The following new synonyms are proposed:
The following new combinations are given:
Members of the moderately large subfamily
The biology of most species is unknown, but in general agathidines are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of
Two recent (and probably largest) collections of agathidines from Vietnam are used for this revision: the
1. | Fore tarsal claws bifurcate, the inner tooth usually large and with no lobe (a); outer face of middle tibia without submedial pegs (b), but with one peg in |
2 |
|
||
– | Fore tarsal claws simple or with a more or less lamelliform, basal lobe (aa); outer face of middle tibia with pegs submedially or pegs in a subapical cluster (bb); area between antennal sockets usually with a simple median elevation or with a trough (cc) | 13 |
|
||
2. | Notauli completely absent and area smooth (a); gena more or less protruding postero-ventrally (b); inner tooth of bifurcate fore claws larger than its outer tooth (female) or teeth equal (male) (c) | 3 |
|
||
– | Notauli at least in anterior half of mesoscutum impressed (aa), if shallowly impressed then area distinctly sculptured; gena variable postero-ventrally (bb); inner tooth of bifurcate fore claws as large as its outer tooth or smaller (both sexes; cc) | 4 |
|
||
3. | Outer ventral margin of hind trochantellus with a carina (a) and basally angulate; ovipositor sheath short, about as long as apical height of metasoma; vein 2r-m of hind wing absent (b); [scutellum with subposterior elevation (but sometimes reduced); epomial carinae double or single; semi-circular crest present behind antennal sockets; vein SR1 of fore wing rather curved] | |
|
||
– | Outer ventral margin of hind trochantellus without carina (aa) and not or only slightly angulate basally; ovipositor sheath long, about as long as fore wing or somewhat shorter; vein 2r-m of hind wing indicated (bb) | |
|
||
4. | Inner spur of middle tibia 0.8–1.1 times as long as middle basitarsus (a); apex of antenna with short to medium-sized spine (b), sometimes minute; ovipositor sheath short, about as long as apical height of metasoma, hardly or not protruding; hind trochantellus usually with a distinct ventral carina on its outer edge (c) or edge distinctly angulate; [apex of the ovipositor sheath blunt apically and with numerous ampulliform papillae]; |
5 |
|
||
– | Inner spur of middle tibia 0.4–0.7 times as long as middle basitarsus (aa); apex of antenna without spine (bb); relative length of ovipositor sheath vari able; ventral carina of hind trochantellus often (about two-thirds) absent or obsolescent (cc) | 7 |
|
||
5. | Malar suture long and deep (a); outer and inner side of antennal socket strongly protruding (b); eye with distinct subocular groove posteriorly (c); [hind coxa much longer than first tergite; not yet found but may occur in South Vietnam] | |
|
||
– | Malar suture absent (aa); outer side of antennal socket weakly protruding (bb), eye without subocular groove posteriorly (cc) | 6 |
|
||
6. | Fore tibial spur with a long curved and glabrous apical spine (a); malar space rugulose (b); notauli comparatively wide (c); hind coxa with longitudinal carina or rugae (d); frons with lateral crests or carinae more or less developed (e) | |
|
||
– | Fore tibial spur with a short, straight and setose apex (aa); malar space smooth or punctate (bb); notauli comparatively narrow (cc); hind coxa without longitudinal carina or rugae (dd); frons without lateral crests or carinae (ee); [area between antennal sockets without a pair of carinae; temples medium-sized; ventral surface of hind femur densely rugose] | |
|
||
7. | Inner or outer hind claw with a distinct wide and acute lobe submedially or a wide dark obtuse submedial lamella (a); if rather narrow then about as long as apical tooth; outer aspect of scapus partly smooth and somewhat concave (b); ovipositor sheath slender and much longer than apical height of metasoma (c); [frons without a pair of lamellae between antennal sockets] | 8 |
|
||
– | Inner and outer hind claw bifurcate, with a small subapical inner tooth or (nearly) simple (aa); if with a rather flattened inner tooth then this distinctly shorter than apical tooth; outer aspect of scapus punctate or punctulate and usually less concave (bb); ovipositor sheath more or less widened and short, about as long as apical height of metasoma or less (cc) | 9 |
|
||
8. | Outer hind tarsal claw with a distinct lobe similar to lobe of inner hind tarsal claw and no pecten (a); area near inner side of antennal sockets shallowly depressed (b); mesosternal sulcus deep and coarsely crenulate; hind trochantellus more or less carinate ventrally (c; but may be rounded or nearly so); at least posterior half of precoxal sulcus distinctly crenulate (d); [not yet found but likely to occur in North Vietnam] | |
|
||
– | Outer hind tarsal claw with a dentiform or squarish black lamella and more or less with a black pecten basally and different from lobed inner claw (aa); area near inner side of antennal sockets deeply depressed (bb); mesosternal sulcus shallow and smooth or nearly so; hind trochantellus rounded ventrally (cc); precoxal sulcus absent or nearly so (dd) | |
|
||
9. | Scutellum with a pair of large horns and axillae protruding (a); subbasal cell of hind wing narrower than plical lobe (b); hind coxa long, exceeding length of first tergite and coarsely sculptured (c) | |
|
||
– | Scutellum without a pair of tubercles (aa); subbasal cell of hind wing about as wide as plical lobe (bb); hind coxa shorter, at most as long as first tergite (cc), if rarely somewhat longer than coxa largely smooth | 10 |
|
||
10. | Frons without lateral carinae (a); vein M+CU of hind wing at most 0.8 times vein 1-M (b); labio-maxillary complex only slightly protruding (c) | Euagathis Szépligeti, 1900 |
|
||
– | Frons with lateral carinae (aa); vein M+CU of hind wing longer than vein 1-M or subequal (up to 0.9 times; bb); labio-maxillary complex usually rather protruding (cc, but not in |
11 |
|
||
11. | First subdiscal cell of fore wing distinctly higher than first discal cell (a); body metallic; marginal cell of hind wing ends in front of wing apex (b); vein m-cu of fore wing subparallel to vein 1-M (c); area between antennal sockets with an obtuse tubercle (d); [outer ventral margin of hind trochantellus cariniform; only the North Oriental type species ( |
|
|
||
– | First subdiscal cell of fore wing lower than first discal cell (aa; |
12 |
|
||
12. | Prepectal carina distinctly angulate subdorsally (a); lateral carina of frons pointing to anterior ocellus or between anterior and posterior ocelli (b); scapus robust compared to third antennal segment and straight (c); [hind trochantellus rounded ventrally] | |
|
||
– | Prepectal carina evenly curved subdorsally (aa); lateral carina of frons pointing to posterior ocellus (bb); scapus less robust compared to third antennal segment and more or less bent (cc) | Disophrys Foerster, 1862 |
|
||
13. | Veins of fore wing largely absent (a); hind trochantellus much longer than trochanter (b); hind tibia with blackish bristles (c); pedicellus enlarged (d); [not yet found in Vietnam, but expected to occur] | |
|
||
– | Veins of fore wing largely present (aa); hind trochantellus about as long as trochanter or shorter (bb); hind tibia without black bristles (cc); pedicellus short (dd) | 14 |
|
||
14. | Vertical axis [v] of malar triangle 1.7–6.0 times its horizontal axis [h] and the part of head below eyes only gradually narrowed ventrally (a) to parallel-sided; clypeus strongly convex (b); mouth-parts more or less lengthened in form of a beak, galea nearly always distinctly longer than 1.3 times its width, longer than labial palp (c); [mainly Holarctic, but some species reach the northern Oriental region] | |
|
||
– | Vertical axis [v] of malar triangle 1.0–1.5 times its horizontal axis [h] and the part of head below eyes directly narrowed ventrally (aa); clypeus usually at least partly flattened (bb), only in |
15 |
|
||
15. | Fore and middle tarsal claws simple and comparatively robust (a); area behind antennal sockets deeply impressed (b); [vein 1-M of hind wing 1.1–1.6 times as long as vein M+CU] | Bassus Fabricius, 1804 s.s. |
|
||
– | Fore and middle tarsal claws nearly always with a distinct basal lobe and comparatively slender (aa); area behind antennal sockets nearly always moderately to shallowly impressed (bb); [vein 1-M of hind wing 0.6–1.4 times as long as vein M+CU] | 16 |
|
||
16. | Vein 1-SR+M of fore wing more or less developed (a), usually sclerotised medially, but sometimes only as a brownish pigmented stripe and notauli absent (but mesoscutum medio-posteriorly with a deep to superficial depression; b) | |
|
||
– | Vein 1-SR+M of fore wing medially absent, not sclerotised and usually without pigmentation (aa), if pigmented then notauli complete (bb) | 17 |
|
||
17. | Antennal sockets with a circular carina reaching dorsally as high as level of anterior ocellus (a); temples with a lateral tubercle (b); genal protuberance present and protruding ventrally (c); scutellum with a distinct subposterior crest (d) and medio-posterior depression transverse (e); [transverse metasternal carina non-lamelliform and beyond upper level of hind coxal cavities] | |
|
||
– | Antennal sockets without a circular carina (aa); temples without a lateral tubercle (bb); protuberance absent (cc), if present then protruding posteriorly; scutellum without a distinct subposterior crest (dd) and transverse medio-posterior depression absent, obsolescent or semicircular (ee) | 18 |
|
||
18. | Outer side of antennal sockets distinctly lamelliform protruding in dorsal view (a); subpronope deep, wide and epomia strongly developed (b); basal half of third metasomal tergite usually with sharp lateral margin (c); dorsal carinae of first tergite usually long and costate (d); propodeal spiracle comparatively large and elliptical (e); ramellus of fore wing usually present (f); [transverse metasternal carina lamelliform; no subposterior crest of scutellum] | |
|
||
– | Outer side of antennal sockets not or only slightly protruding in dorsal view (aa), sometimes as a narrow lamella; subpronope comparatively shallow and epomia medium-sized to weakly developed (bb); basal half of third tergite often without sharp lateral margin or weakly developed (cc), except in |
19 |
|
||
19. | Vein r-m of fore wing absent (a); first metasomal tergite and often also metapleuron granulate and dull and tergite distinctly convex medially and dorsal carinae absent (b); precoxal sulcus about 0.6 times as long as mesopleuron and sculptured (c) or superficially impressed and smooth | Camptothlipsis Enderlein, 1920 |
|
||
– | Vein r-m of fore wing present (aa), rarely obsolescent; sculpture of first tergite and metapleuron variable (bb), if granulate then first tergite less convex medially and with dorsal carinae (bbb); precoxal sulcus longer than 0.6 times length of mesopleuron and sculptured (cc) or absent | 20 |
|
||
20. | First metasomal tergite 5–6 times as long as wide apically (a) and 1.6–1.7 times as long as hind coxa (b); frons flattened anteriorly except for a short median depression (c); hind femur short compared to hind coxa (d); hind basitarsus with numerous spiny setae ventrally (e); [not yet found in Vietnam but expected to occur; synonymised with |
|
|
||
– | First tergite 1–3 times as long as wide apically (aa) and about as long as hind coxa (bb); frons partly convex anteriorly and behind antennal sockets concave (cc); hind femur longer compared to hind coxa (dd); hind basitarsus only bristly setae ventrally (ee) | 21 |
|
||
21. | Metasomal cavity [mc] at most reaching upper level of hind coxal cavities [hcc] (a); transverse metasternal carina [tmc] (= carina behind metasomal cavity) straight or nearly so and coarsely developed (b); anterior half of third metasomal tergite often more or less coarsely striate (c), but sometimes smooth | |
|
||
– | Metasomal cavity [mc] protruding beyond upper level of hind coxal cavities [hcc] (aa); transverse metasternal carina [tmc] curved and less developed (bb); sculpture of anterior half of third tergite variable, usually smooth or finely striate (cc) | |
|
In Vietnam only one species has been found,
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., n[ea]r dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.vi.2007, Mal traps, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”.
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.0 mm, of fore wing 3.7 mm, of ovipositor sheath 2.0 mm.
Antennal segments 34, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 2.8 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.6 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.8 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view temple short, length of eye 5.3 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum reticulate-rugose ventrally, setose and finely punctate dorsally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum dull, with irregular punctures and setae; notauli completely crenulate, united posteriorly forming a groove near scutellar sulcus; scutellar sulcus with 4 carinae (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell rectangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.8, 4.7 and 6.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of middle tibia with 2 pegs, apex with 2 pegs; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus; tarsal claws with lobe (
First tergite short, widened apically, as long as wide apically, superficially striate and partly smooth (
Black; palpi pale yellow; clypeus, galea, fore leg, middle leg (but coxa brown and femur yellowish-brown) and metasoma yellow; pterostigma and veins dark brown; wing membrane rather infuscate.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Unknown.
From “citrinus” (Latin for “of citron”) and “soma” (Greek for “body”), because of the yellow metasoma.
Used in the strict sense for the species with simple tarsal claws, as was proposed by
1. | First tergite and basal half of second tergite ivory ( |
|
– | First tergite largely black or dark brown ( |
2 |
2. | Dorsal carinae of first metasomal tergite largely obsolescent medially and posteriorly ( |
|
– | Dorsal carinae of first tergite costate medially and posteriorly nearly complete ( |
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Ninh Binh and S Vietnam: Dong Nai. New record. Outside Vietnam known from China (Hubei; Ningxia; Taiwan), Japan (Okinawa) and Korea.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH) “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., nr dam, 800–1000 m, 2–10.vi.2007, Mal. traps 9–11, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratypes (7 ♀): 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 800–940 m; 5 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR) “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., Krong K’Mar, Mal. traps, 840–940 m or 740–900 m, 2–10.vi.2007, C. van Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”; 1 ♀ (RMNH) “N. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue, Phong Dien N.R. n[ea]r base-camp, 15 km W Phong My, c 60 m, 22.iii-6.iv.2001, Mal. traps 1–3, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’01”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.2 mm, of fore wing 4.6 mm, of ovipositor sheath 3.3 mm.
Antennal segments 31, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment; third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.6, 3.3 and 1.4 times their width, respectively; length of apical segment 1.2 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.7 times as long as basal width of mandible; temple short (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope shallow; pronotum largely smooth laterally, with sparse fine punctures dorsally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutumsparsely crenulate; lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum sparsely and distinctly punctate, flat and smooth posteriorly; notauli complete, moderately crenulate anteriorly and narrowly crenulate posteriorly; scutellar sulcus 0.4 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 4 carinae; scutellum slightly convex and distinctly narrowed with lateral carina, shiny with sparse fine punctures, subposterior crest curved (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell triangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.2, 6.8 and 10.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with bristly setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; apex of outer side of hind tibia with a cluster of 8 pegs; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively; tarsal claws without lobe (cf.
Length of first tergite 1.4 times its apical width (
Orange brown; mouthparts yellow; antenna, frons and vertex dark brown; propodeum, third-eighth metasomal segments, hind coxa, trochantellus and femur black; hind tibial spurs yellow; first and second tergites ivory dorsally and white ventrally; hind tibia and tarsus dark brown, except yellow basal ring; veins and pterostigma dark brown, but pterostigma basally narrowly pale brownish; apical 0.4 of fore wing distinctly infuscate and remainder of wings slightly infuscate or subhyaline.
Antennal segments 29–31; second submarginal cell of fore wing with vein r-m absent or present; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.6–0.8 times as long as vein 1-M; second tergite with smooth or striate transverse groove; apical segment of antenna 1.0–1.2 times as long as penultimate segment; length of body 3.2–5.2 mm.
C Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue and S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Unknown.
From “albus” (Latin for “white”) and “basis” (Latin for “foundation, base”), because of the white base of the metasoma.
Holotype, ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 282, “NE Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., MT, 20°23'N; 105°34'E, 5–10.v.2002, K.D. Long” . Paratypes: 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 283, same data as holotype; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 234, “S. Vietnam: Dac Lak, Cu N’Ga forest, 10.vi.2005. K.D. Long”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♂, length of body 6.5 mm, of fore wing 6.0 mm.
Antennal segments 36, length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.4, 4.0 and 2.3 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.6 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space twice as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 2.3 times temple; ocelli in low triangle, POL:OD:OOL = 8:7:21 (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope shallow; pronotum largely smooth with sparse fine punctures dorsally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum sparsely crenulate; lateral lobes of mesoscutum shiny with fine punctures anteriorly, flat and smooth posteriorly; middle lobe of mesoscutum with sparse punctures and largely smooth posteriorly (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small trapezoid (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.9, 7.5 and 10.4 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer apex of middle tibia with a cluster of 10 pegs; outer apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 12 pegs; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively; outer side of hind coxa with sparse punctures, of hind femur with distinct punctures; tarsal claws without lobe (
Length of first tergite 1.5 times its apical width, with dorsal and dorso-lateral carinae coarsely developed, dorsal carinae convergent, costate medially and posteriorly nearly up to apex of tergite (
Brownish-yellow; antenna (but scapus yellow) brown; hind leg (but tibia with pale yellow basal ring) and metasoma dark brown or black (but basal area of second tergite ivory and first and second tergites white ventrally); pterostigma (except small pale brownish patch basally) and veins dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate or subhyaline, but apical 0.4 of fore wing rather infuscate.
Length of body 6.5–7.0 mm, of fore wing 6.0–6.1 mm; penultimate antennal segment subequal to apical segment; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.7–0.8 times as long as 1-M; POL:OD:OOL = 8:6–7:21; outer apex of hind tibia with 9–12 pegs.
NE Vietnam: Ninh Binh and S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Unknown.
From “albus” (Latin for “white”) and “zona” (Latin for “girdle”), because of the white part of the second metasomal tergite.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N. P., Dong trail, Mal. traps 13–16, c 100 m, 1–9.x.2005, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’05”. Paratypes (6 ♀): 2 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), id. but
Morphologically similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 8.8 mm, of fore wing 7.2 mm, ovipositor sheath 6.3 mm.
Antennal segments 45, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 1.7, 1.7 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment 1.6 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.5 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 4.7 times temple; temple gradually narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; pronotal trough smooth medially, with sparse fine punctures dorsally and crenulate posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth anteriorly, crenulate posteriorly; mesoscutum shiny with very sparse minute punctures; notauli completely absent; scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 3 strong carinae (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell wide rectangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 6.0 and 9.3 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with strong setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.7 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus; fore and middle tarsi slender (
Shiny smooth; first tergite distinctly widened subposteriorly and then narrowed apically; length of first tergite 1.4 times as long as its apical width (
Black; galea, palpi, mandible, fore legs and tarsus yellow; wing membrane black but hyaline on apical third of fore wing and on one fourth of hind wing.
Length of body 8.5–10.0 mm, and of fore wing 6.8–8.0 mm; ratio of vein r:3-SR:SR1 = 3–4:11–12:71–82; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.5–0.7 times as long as vein 1-M; first tergite 1.4–1.7 times as long as its apical width.
S Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “soror” (Latin for “sister”), because of its close similarity to
1. | Fore wing with isolated stigmal spot or nearly so ( |
2 |
– | Fore wing without a stigmal spot ( |
4 |
2. | Vein 2-SR+M of hind wing distinctly transverse (or longitudinal); propodeum with a rather weakly developed transverse carina anteriorly ( |
|
– | Vein 2-SR+M of hind wing vertical or near so ( |
3 |
3. | Propodeum without a closed areola ( |
|
– | Propodeum with areola ( |
|
4. | Lateral ocelli small ( |
|
– | Lateral ocelli larger ( |
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 119, “NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Mai Chau, Pa Co N.R, 1200 m, 24.iv.2002, K.D. Long”. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 120 and 1 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 121, same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 276, id., but 21.iv.2002, K.D. Long; 2 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 216, Aga. 219 and 1 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 220, “N.W Vietnam: Lao Cai, Sa Pa, bushes, 8.x.2004, K.D. Long”.
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 9.0 mm, of fore wing 7.8 mm, ovipositor 8.0 mm.
Antennal segments 47, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 3.3 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view head transverse and 1.3 times as wide as mesonotum; length of eye 2.1 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; lateral lobes of mesoscutum smooth; middle lobe with sparse fine punctures; notauli deep, crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with rather long ramellus, 1.1 times as long as vein 2-SR (17:15) (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.7, 10.0 and 10.6 times their width, respectively; hind coxa smooth; hind femur with short and sparse setosity (
First tergite slender shiny, rugulose near apex, slightly and roundly widened apically (
Black; malar space ivory, clypeus and palpi pale yellow; antenna, legs and metasoma yellowish-brown, but tarsi paler than tibiae; wing membrane rather dark brown (
Female: second submarginal cell of fore wing triangular or pentagonal; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.5–0.6 times as long as 1-M; outer side of hind tibial apex with cluster of 8–10 pegs. Male: antenna with 45 or 48 segments; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial; outer side of hind tibial apex with 7 pegs; hind coxa and first tergite apically dark brown.
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “bi” (Latin for “two”), and “coloris” (Latin for “hue, tint”), because of the bicoloured body.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Viet Tri, n[ea]r Thanh Son, Thuong Cuu, 20°59'N; 105°8'E, 350–400 m, 11–16.x.1999, Malaise traps, R. de Vries, RMNH’99”.
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 10.5 mm, of fore wing 9.3 mm, ovipositor 7.3 mm.
Antennal segments 45; length of third segment times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.3, 2.3 and 1.3 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye twice temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum largely smooth with sparse setae and fine punctures; notauli deep and smooth (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with rather long ramellus, 0.8 times as long as vein 2-SR (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.1, 9.7 and 11.6 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short and dense setosity; outer side of apical third of middle tibia with a row of 5 pegs and a cluster of 3 pegs at apex; outer side of apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 9 pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.6 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times hind basitarsus, respectively.
First tergite rather long, widened apically, 2.3 times as long as its apical width (
Bright brownish-yellow; malar space pale yellow; antenna (except yellow scapus) and hind tarsus dark brown; fore wing with dark brown stigmal spot (
NE Vietnam: Viet Tri.
Unknown.
It is a pleasure to name this species after Mr Rob de Vries, who participated in all Vietnam expeditions and prepared the specimens. He plays an important role in the success of the expeditions.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 162, “NE Vietnam: Phu Tho, Xuan Son N.P., 6.vii.2003, Tr.X. Lam”.
The new species is morphologically similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 8.7 mm, of fore wing 7.8 mm, ovipositor 4.8 mm.
Antennal segments 42; length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.9, 2.6 and 1.4 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment 1.7 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 2.2 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum largely smooth, moderately setose and punctulate; notauli deep and nearly completely smooth (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with medium-sized ramellus slightly shorter than vein 2-SR (
Hind coxa largely smooth, punctulate; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 8.2 and 8.2 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with medium-sized dense setosity; fore tarsal segments rather short, fourth segment about as long as wide; outer side of apical two thirds of middle tibia with a row of 3 pegs and a cluster of 2 pegs at apex; outer side of apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 7 pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively.
First tergite distinctly widened apically, 1.4 times as long as its apical width (
Yellowish-brown; antenna dark brown, but scapus and pedicellus yellowish-brown; malar space slightly paler yellow than surroundings; fore wing with dark brown stigmal spot (
NE Vietnam: Phu Tho.
Unknown.
From “macula” (Latin for “spot”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the dark brown stigmal spot.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 265, “C. Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue, Nam Dong, MT, 2–6.v.2005, N.Q. Truong”. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 190, “C. Vietnam: Quang Nam, Phuoc Son, forest, 28.vii.2004, N.Th. Huong”.
The new species similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 11.5 mm, of fore wing 10.3 mm, ovipositor 10.4 mm.
Antennal segments 50; length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.0 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment 1.8 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.9 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye twice temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum largely smooth with sparse setae and fine punctures; notauli deep and smooth (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, with rather long ramellus, distinctly angled at ramellus and 1.2 times as long as vein 2-SR (24:20) (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.0, 8.7 and 11.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short and dense setosity (
First tergite moderately long, widened apically, 1.9 times as long as its apical width (
Brownish-yellow; antenna brown; malar space pale yellow; fore wing with a vague brown stigmal spot (
C Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue, Quang Nam.
Unknown.
From “nigra” (Latin for “black”), and “apiculatus” (Latin for “small-pointed”), because of the black apical part of the body.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P. Krong K’Mar Mal. traps 740–900 m, 2–10.vii.2007, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratypes (7 ♀): 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 179, “NE Vietnam: Phu Tho, Xuan Son N.P., 6–9.xii.2003, Tr.X. Lam”; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 196, ”Central North Vietnam: Nghe An, Pu Mat N.P., 6–9.viii.2005, N.Th. Huong”; 2 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 295 and Aga. 180, id., but 13.iv.2006, P.Th. Nhi and 22–25.vii.2004, Tr.X. Lam; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 243, “Central North Vietnam: Nghe An, Pu Mat N.P., 12.ix.2005, P.Th. Nhi”; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 301 and Aga. 302, id., but 17.iv.2006.
The new species is close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 9.2 mm, of fore wing 7.5 mm, ovipositor 8.0 mm.
Antennal segments 47; length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.2 and 1.3 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.6 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 2.9 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum with crenulae; side of mesoscutum nearly smooth, with sparse fine punctures and setae; notauli wide and crenulate anteriorly, narrower and smooth posteriorly (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell triangular, with rather long ramellus, 0.7 times as long as vein r (11:15) (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.4, 7.6 and 9.0 times their width, respectively; hind coxa shiny smooth; hind femur with sparse fine punctures and medium-sized setosity (
First tergite long and slightly widened apically (
Black; malar space ivory; clypeus, palpi, mandible, fore and middle legs yellow; mesosoma reddish-yellow (but below precoxal sulcus black); first tergite basally, first and second tergite ventrally white; wing membrane somewhat infuscate (
Male with 44–45 antennal segments; length of apical antennal segment 1.4 times as long as penultimate segment; vein cu-a of fore wing slightly antefurcal; vein 3-SR vertical; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.6 times as long as 1-M; outer side of middle tibia with row of 3 or 6 pegs and cluster of 3 and 5 pegs at apex; first and second metasomal segments whitish-yellow basally.
NE Vietnam: Phu Tho, CN Vietnam: Nghe An and S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Unknown.
Phantasy name.
In Vietnam only one species was found.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 040, “N. Vietnam: Ha Noi, Tu Liem, rice field, 13.vii.1996, K.D. Long”. Paratypes (1 ♂ + 1 ♀): 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 348, “N. Vietnam: Ha Noi, Gia Lam, orchard, MT, 25.x-5.xi.2001, K.D. Long”. 1 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 246, same data as holotype, but 18.x.2003.
Differs from
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.4 mm, of fore wing 2.9 mm.
Antennal segments 29, length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.4, 3.0 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.2 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; malar space 3.3 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly; ocelli in rather high triangle, POL:OD:OOL = 6:4:8 (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotal trough largely granulate, rugose anteriorly, posterior groove only ventrally crenulate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum weakly crenulate; lateral lobes of mesoscutum flat posteriorly, sparsely finely punctate, middle lobe of mesoscutum with dense punctures anteriorly and sparsely punctate posteriorly; notauli complete and finely crenulate, united far in front of scutellar sulcus and medio-posterior groove medium-sized (
Fore wing: marginal cell narrow (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 6.4 and 9.7 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
Length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width (
Yellowish-brown; antenna, apex of hind tibia, hind tarsus, metapleuron ventrally, propodeum, first tergite and ovipositor sheath dark brown; face, mouthparts, second tergite and remainder of legs brownish-yellow; wing venation pale brown, but pterostigma brown (except small pale brown patch basally); wing membrane subhyaline.
Length of body 2.9–3.4 mm, and of fore wing 2.4–3.2 mm; antenna of both sexes 28–29; POL:OD:OOL = 5–6:4:8–10 (female); venation (including pterostigma) pale to dark brown; first tergite yellowish-brown to largely dark brown.
N Vietnam: Ha Noi.
Unknown.
Named after the type locality.
Prior to Sharkey et al (2009) the Old World species were included in the New World genus
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh. New to Vietnam. New record. Outside Vietnam known from China (Anhui; Fujian; Guangdong; Hainan Island; Henan; Hubei; Jiangxi; Sichuan; Yunnan; Zhejiang).
Length of inner spur of middle tibia varies from 0.8–1.1 times length of middle basitarsus and vein cu-a of fore wing is distinctly antefurcal or subinterstitial.
Combination of “corona” (Latin for “crown”) and the generic name
Apex of antenna without spine; malar space somewhat protruding posteriorly (
Putative synapomorphous character states of the new genus
Vietnam.
Unknown.
Holotype, ♂ (RMNH), “N.W. Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.P., 10 km, SW Sa Pa, c. 1550 m, 22–29.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. van Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’99”.
Except for the aberrant scutellum and axillae it may be confused with aberrant species of the genus
Holotype, ♂, length of body 6.3 mm, of fore wing 6.2 mm.
Antennal segments 47, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.2, 2.2 and 1.4 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; head in dorsal view 2.9 times as wide as its median length; in dorsal view length of eye 1.5 times temple; temple nearly straight behind eyes (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height without spine; subpronope large and deep, epomial carina strong; side of pronotum shiny smooth anteriorly, upper side largely punctate, crenulate posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum wide, strongly crenulate; side of mesoscutum long rugose-punctate; medio-posteriorly impressed, largely crenulate, its middle lobe long, almost parallel-sided laterally, without a pair of shallow grooves or a median carina anteriorly; notauli wide and strongly crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell quadrate, with an indistinct ramellus (
Hind femur 0.9 times as long as hind tibia; hind tibia distinctly compressed basally and widened apically; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur and tibia largely punctate, but partly pimply, with short setosity; middle tibia with two small pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0,5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.4 and 0.6 times hind basitarsus respectively; fore and middle tarsi slender.
First tergite 2.2 times as long as its apical width, smooth and subparallel-sided apically (
Body black; wing membrane rather dark brown and without a stigmal spot (
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
From “cornu” (Latin for “horn”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the lateral horns of the scutellum.
NE Vietnam: Phu Tho, Ha Giang, CN Vietnam: Nghe An and S Vietnam: Kien Giang, Ninh Thuan, Dong Nai. New record. Outside Vietnam known from China (Hunan; Liaoning; Shanxi; Taiwan), India, Indonesia (Java), Japan and Korea.
Very close to
1. | Temples bulging behind eyes ( |
|
– | Temples narrowed behind eyes ( |
2 |
2. | Between antennal sockets with a pair of horn-like protuberances ( |
|
– | Between antennal sockets with a pair of lamelliform protuberances or carinae ( |
3 |
3. | Basal half of wings nearly completely dark brown ( |
|
– | Basal half of wings yellowish ( |
Antennal segments 57–64; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.8–1.0 times as long as vein 1-M; areola of propodeum with 3–4 carinae.
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, CN Vietnam: Nghe An and S Vietnam: Southern Highlands, Dak Lak. Further known from China (including Taiwan), India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, W. Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra, Krakatau, Kangean Islands). Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand are new records.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam, Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Malaise trap, c. 100 m, 1–9.x.2005, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’05”. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 175, “Central North Vietnam: Ha Tinh, Huong Son, secondary forest, 5–10.v.2004, Tr.X. Lam”; 3 ♂ (RMNH, IEBR), Aga. 198, Aga. 199, Aga. 200, id., but 25.v.2004; 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 172, id., but 27.v.2004.
Similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 9.8 mm, of fore wing 11.1 mm.
Antennal segments 55, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 1.9, 1.6 and 1.8 times their width, respectively; scapus robust; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 1.5 times temple; temple rather bulging (
Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; subpronope small and shallow; side of pronotum smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum shiny and smooth; medio-posteriorly flat, middle lobe without a pair of distinct shallow grooves; lateral lobes flattened; notauli wide, deep and coarsely crenulate; scutellar sulcus with one carina and 0.8 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum; scutellum slightly convex, shiny and finely punctate, its subposterior crest long and transverse; precoxal sulcus wide and strongly crenulate; mesopleuron below precoxal sulcus narrowly and sparsely finely punctate and above precoxal sulcus shiny and smooth; metapleuron with strong rugae and long setae; propodeum with large areola, costulae, with short basal and long apical longitudinal carinae; propodeal spiracle round, 1.7 times as long as wide, distance between spiracle and lateral carina 1.5 times as long as width of spiracle.
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrowed anteriorly, with ramellus 0.8 times as long as vein r (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.4, 5.5 and 8.3 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa smooth; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity; outer side of apex of hind tibia with two equal long pegs; outer hind spur distinctly widened basally and curved apically; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.5 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively.
First tergite gradually widened apically (
Brownish-yellow; antenna, apical third of fore wing, parastigma and vein C+SC+R dark brown; stemmaticum, lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum anteriorly, mesosternum, metasoma and hind leg (but hind coxa, trochantellus and basal half of hind femur yellow); metasoma (but first tergite and first-third sternites yellow) black.
Antennal segments 54–57; second submarginal cell of fore wing more or less narrowed anteriorly and with a short or rather long ramellus; vein M+CU of hind wing 1.6–1.8 times as long as 1-M; female and male may have hind leg and metasoma entirely black.
Central North Vietnam: Ha Tinh and S. Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “macula” (Latin for “spot”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the black lobes of the mesoscutum.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dông Nai, Cát Tien N.P., Mal. traps, c. 100 m, 1–8.iv.2007, Mai Phu Quy & Nguyen Thanh Manh, RMNH’07”. Paratype: 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 293, “CN Vietnam: Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat N.P., 19.iv.2006, P.Th. Nhi”.
Similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 11.5 mm, of fore wing 10.8 mm.
Antennal segments 61, length of third segment 1.8 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.7, 1.5 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment 1.5 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 3.6 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum moderately punctate dorsally, crenulate posteriorly and remainder largely smooth; lateral carina of mesoscutum lamelliform and surroundings smooth; mesoscutum shiny and largely spaced moderately punctate; medio-posteriorly hardly impressed, its middle lobe with a pair of faint shallow longitudinal grooves and lateral lobes weakly convex; notauli shallow and smooth, except for an anterior transverse crest (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell quadrate and with a medium-sized ramellus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.1, 6.2 and 7.6 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa spaced finely punctate; hind femur (as remainder of leg) with short and dense setosity (
First tergite smooth, evenly convex (but concave basally) and gradually widened apically (
Brownish-yellow; antenna black; apical half of wings, hind tarsus largely and apex of hind tibia narrowly dark brown; stigmal spot large; apical half of pterostigma largely dark brown and narrow area below pterostigma yellow as remainder of wings (
Paratype has length of body 9.2 mm and of fore wing 9.3 mm, antenna with 55 segments, apical third of pterostigma dark brown, ramellus obsolescent, length of first tergite 2.6 times its apical width, vein M+CU of hind wing 1.3 times as long as vein 1-M, vein 1r-m of hind wing 0.9 times as long as vein 1-M.
S Vietnam: Dông Nai and CN Vietnam: Nghe An.
Unknown.
Named after both collectors of the holotype: Mai Phu Quy and Nguyen Thanh Manh.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 374, “NE Vietnam: Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, MT, 360 m, 21°39'N; 105°32'E, 1–10.x.2007, K.D. Long”. Paratypes (8 ♀ + 2 ♂): 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 339, id., but 21°43'N; 105°34'E, 15–20.vi.2007; 2 ♂ (RMNH, IEBR), Aga. 376, id., but 10–20.x.2007 and Aga. 375, id., but 20–30.x.2007; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Aga .067, id., but 19.viii.2000; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 066, “NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Yen Thuy, bushes, 15.vii.2000, Tr.X. Lam”; 2 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 206 & 212, “Central North Vietnam: Nghe An, Pu Mat N.P., 8.ix.2005, P.Th. Nhi”; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 206 & 213, id.; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 182, id., but 22–25.vii.2006, Tr.X. Lam.
Similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 8.2 mm, of fore wing 7.5 mm.
Antennal segments 52, length of third segment 1.8 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 1.4 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment twice times as long as penultimate; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 2.3 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum with sparse fine punctures; area near sharp lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; mesoscutum shiny and smooth with sparse fine punctures; medio-posteriorly impressed, its middle lobe with a pair of faint shallow longitudinal grooves; notauli narrow, deep and finely crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell quadrate and without ramellus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 6.1 and 7.8 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa smooth; hind femur (as remainder of leg) with short and dense setosity; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.5 and 0.6 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of apex of hind tibia with two equal pegs; outer hind spur distinctly widened basally, almost straight; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively; fore and middle tarsi rather robust; hind basitarsus with a distinct carina-like row of short setae ventrally.
First tergite smooth and gradually widened apically (
Brownish-yellow; antenna and apical 0.6 of both wings dark brown; hind tarsal segments brown; stigmal spot large and dark brown (
Antennal segments 52–54; length of body 7.5–9.0 mm and of fore wing 7.5–8.6 mm; vein M+CU of hind wing 1.2–1.5 times as long as 1-M; one female has the body dusty dark brown.
NE Vietnam: Thai Nguyen, Hoa Binh and Central North Vietnam: Nghe An.
Unknown.
From “rhinos” (Greek for “nose”), because of the small nose-like projections between the antennal sockets.
1. | Malar space about 2.6 times as long as basal width of mandible; vein M+CU of hind wing subequal to vein 1-M; scutellar sulcus 0.7 times as long as dorsal part of scutellum ( |
|
– | Malar space twice as long as basal width of mandible; vein M+CU of hind wing longer, 1.2 times as long as vein 1-M; scutellar sulcus 0.2 times as long as dorsal part of scutellum ( |
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N.W. Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.R., 15 km W [of] Sa Pa, c. 1900 m, 15–21.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.6 mm, of fore wing 6.0 mm, of ovipositor sheath 6.0 mm.
Antennal segments 34; length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.8, 3.4 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; maxillary palp as long as height of head; length of malar space twice as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.2 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; subpronope large and deep; pronotum shiny and largely smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth anteriorly and crenulate posteriorly; notauli completely absent; mesoscutum shiny with sparse fine punctures and setae, slightly depressed medio-posteriorly; notauli completely absent; scutellar sulcus short, 0.2 times as long as scutellum and with 4 carinae; scutellum distinctly narrowed posteriorly, sparsely finely punctate; precoxal sulcus absent; mesopleuron shiny, smooth; metapleuron nearly smooth with sparse punctures; propodeum with two medial parallel carinae from base to apex of propodeum (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.8, 8.2 and 9.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite widened apically, slightly depressed laterally, with short medial carina and strongly convergent dorsal carinae; length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width (
Black; palpi, mandible, tegula, legs, but subbasal ring and apex of hind tibia and hind tarsus dark brown; mesoscutum medio-apically and scutellum orange brown; wing membrane infuscate.
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “aurantium” (Latin for “orange”), because of the orange brown scutellum.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Lam Dong, Bidoup Nuiba N.P., n[ea]r Da Lat, Mal. traps 1–12, 1650–1700 m, 11–19.x.2005, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’05”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.7 mm, of fore wing 3.3 mm, of ovipositor sheath 0.9 mm.
Antennal segments 32, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 2.5 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; maxillary palp as long as height of head; length of malar space 2.6 times basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 2.3 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope medium-sized; pronotum shiny and smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum shiny with sparse fine punctures and setae, slightly depressed medio-posteriorly; notauli completely absent; scutellar sulcus 0.7 times as long as scutellum and with 2 carinae; scutellum slightly narrowed posteriorly, sparsely finely punctate; precoxal sulcus absent; mesopleuron shiny, smooth dorsally and with sparse fine punctures ventrally; metapleuron smooth; propodeum with long areola and costulae present, area inside areola with transverse carinae.
Fore wing: second submarginal cell triangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 5.5 and 10.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite widened apically, slightly depressed laterally, with short dorsal carinae basally; length of first tergite 1.2 times its apical width (
Black; clypeus, palpi, galea, tegulae and legs ivory or pale yellowish, but tarsal claws, apex of hind tibia and second-fifth segments of hind tarsus dark brown; wing membrane infuscate.
S Vietnam: Lam Dong.
Unknown.
From “brevis” (Latin for “short”), and “stigma” (Greek for “mark”), because of the short pterostigma.
1. | Scutellum strongly protruding ( |
|
– | Scutellum flat to weakly convex ( |
2 |
2. | Notauli coarsely crenulate or at least subposteriorly so; precoxal sulcus widely crenulate; propodeal spiracle comparatively large ; vein M+CU of hind wing comparatively long; [fore tarsus and hind femur robust (cf. |
|
– | Notauli smooth or slightly crenulate subposteriorly ( |
3 |
3. | Lateral lobes of mesoscutum distinctly convex posteriorly and medially distinctly punctate ( |
4 |
– | Lateral lobes of mesoscutum weakly convex or flattened posteriorly and lobes submedially largely smooth ( |
6 |
4. | Head and mesosoma completely black ( |
|
– | Head (except more or less dorsally) and antero-ventrally mesosoma yellowish-brown ( |
5 |
5. | Scutellum rounded anteriorly and gradually elevated and without carina ( |
|
– | Scutellum angulate anteriorly and more or less carinate ( |
|
6. | Second metasomal suture comparatively widely impressed, distinct ( |
7 |
– | Second metasomal suture absent ( |
8 |
7. | First metasomal tergite distinctly widened apically, 1.0–1.4 times as long as its apical width ( |
|
– | First tergite nearly parallel-sided, about twice as long as its apical width ( |
|
8. | Apical third of wings golden yellow ( |
|
– | Apical third of wings dark brown ( |
9 |
9. | Occipital flange comparatively narrow, less protruding than basal width of mandible; second suture of metasoma finely impressed ( |
|
– | Occipital flange comparatively wide, more protruding than basal width of mandible ( |
10 |
10. | Metapleuron coarsely and densely punctate; stemmaticum and vertex yellowish-brown; hind basitarsus yellowish-brown ( |
|
– | Metapleuron finely and sparsely punctate; stemmaticum and vertex black; hind basitarsus dark brown or blackish ( |
A very variable species, especially in respect to its coloration. Melanistic males are similar to melanistic males of
S Vietnam: Dong Nai, Kon Tum. Outside Vietnam known from Brunei; Indonesia; (Java; Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah) and Thailand.
As redefined in this paper the following new synonyms have to be added:
NE Vietnam: Ha Noi, Vinh Phuc. Outside Vietnam known from China (Fujian; Guangxi; Hunan; Jiangsu; Sichuan; Yunnan; Zhejiang); India and Indonesia (Java; Kalimantan; Sumatra).
NE Vietnam: Ha Noi, Ha Tay, Hoa Binh, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc; CN Vietnam: Nghe An and C Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hué. Outside Vietnam known from China (Anhui; Fujian; Guangdong; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hainan Island; Hong Kong; Hunan; Jiangsu; Jiangxi; Qinghai; Sichuan; Taiwan; Yunnan; Zhejiang); India; Indonesia (Java; Sumatra); Japan; Laos; W. Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Singapore; Sri Lanka and Thailand.
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh; CN Vietnam: Ha Tinh. Outside Vietnam known from India.
Holotype, ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 264, “S. Vietnam: Tay Ninh, Lo Go-Xa Mat N.P., forest, 7.xi.2003, K.D. Long”.
This species is close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 10.1 mm, of fore wing 11.2 mm.
Antennal segments 59, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.1, 1.8 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 1.3 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 1.3 times temple; temple concave laterally and distinctly narrowed (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large and deep; side of pronotum shiny and smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum smooth, middle lobe with sparse fine punctures anteriorly; medio-posteriorly flat, slightly impressed, shiny and smooth; notauli shallow and smooth (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell pentagonal, distinctly narrowed anteriorly, with short ramellus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 7.3 and 8.8 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short and dense setosity (
First tergite rather short, strongly widened apically (
Brownish-yellow; antenna yellowish-brown, but scapus brownish-yellow; fore wing yellow, with a dark brown stigmal spot (
S Vietnam: Tay Ninh.
Unknown.
From “flavus” (Latin for “yellow”), and “soma” (Greek for “body”), because of the yellow body.
Here belong the following new synonyms:
Vietnam in NW Vietnam: Son La, Yen Bai; NE Vietnam: Bac Kan, Ha Giang, Hanoi, Ha Tay, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc; CN Vietnam: Ha Tinh, Nghe An; C Vietnam: Quang Nam, Quang Tri, Thua Thie-Hue and S Vietnam: Kien Giang. Outside Vietnam known from China (Guangdong; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hainan Island; Hong Kong; -Hubei; Jiangxi; Macau; Sichuan; Taiwan; Yunnan; Zhejiang); India; Indonesia (Java; Sulawesi; Sumatra; West Lesser Sundas); W. Malaysia; Nepal; Philippines (Luzon); Sri Lanka and Thailand.
CN Vietnam: Nghe An, Ha Tinh. Outside Vietnam known from India and China (Yunnan).
NE Vietnam: Hai Phong (Cat Ba Island). New record for Vietnam. Outside Vietnam known from China (Fujian).
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh. Outside Vietnam known from China (Beijing; Fujian; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hunan; Jiangsu; Jilin; Shandong; Yunnan; Zhejiang); India; Japan; Korea; Nepal and Russia (Far East).
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai. Outside Vietnam known from China (Fujian).
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh. Outside Vietnam known from China (Fujian; Yunnan).
From “gyros” (Greek for “circle”) and the generic name “
Apex of antenna without spine; antennal sockets (up to level of anterior ocellus) with a circular carina (
Putative synapomorphies of the new genus
Oriental (four species).
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., n[ea]r centre, c 225 m, 15–27.v.2000, Mai Phu Quy, RMNH’00”
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 8.4 mm, of fore wing 6.3 mm, of ovipositor sheath 7.7 mm.
Antennal segments 40; length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.8, 3.0 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of apical segment twice as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.7 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 2.7 times temple; temples parallel-sided (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope large and shallow and epomial carina strongly developed; pronotum largely smooth with distinct punctures and strong setae dorsally; prepectal carina rather wide lamelliform; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; middle lobe of mesoscutum densely finely punctate, but apically spaced punctate as lateral lobes; notauli deep and finely crenulate anteriorly, posteriorly smooth, united and forming a shallow groove (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell triangular, rather large and narrowly petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.5, 6.5 and 10.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.45 and 0.55 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of middle tibia with row of 5 pegs; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.4 and 0.6 times hind basitarsus, respectively; outer side of hind tibia with cluster of 10 pegs; outer side of hind coxa with sparse fine punctures; outer side of hind femur rugose-punctate.
First tergite subparallel-sided, 1.9 times as long as its apical width (
Black or blackish-brown; head, palpi, pronotum, propleuron, mesoscutum (except dark brown patch latero-posteriorly), scutellum, tegula, mesopleuron antero-dorsally, fore and middle legs (but middle coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and base of femur brown) brownish-yellow to pale yellow (e.g., mesoscutum laterally and medio-posteriorly, respectively); apical half of metasoma dark brown, but hypopygium narrowly ivory apically and medially; middle and hind tibial spurs, first and second tergites narrowly dorsally, and ventral half of metasoma white; hind tibia (but basally blackish), hind tarsus, pterostigma and veins dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline, but apical half slightly infuscate.
N Vietnam: Ninh Binh.
Unknown.
It is a pleasure to name this species after Prof. Dr Mai Phu Quy, who was an excellent counterpart during the RMNH-IEBR expeditions in Vietnam in the period 1999–2007.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak. New record for Vietnam. Known outside Vietnam from China (Yunnan and Hainan Island).
The holotype has only the apical fifth of the fore wing dark brown and the pterostigma brown.
The only Vietnamese species has the hind leg (but the tibial spurs are white or ivory) and the head (but the labrum is white or pale brown) black, the basal half of third metasomal tergite coarsely striate and with a transverse crenulate groove (
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai, Hoa Binh. Wide spread outside Vietnam (from India to Japan) and a parasitoid of
The majority of the Vietnamese
1. | Scutellum densely rugose, rugulose or rugulose-punctate, largely without distinct smooth interspaces; marginal cell of fore wing comparatively wide ( |
2 |
– | Scutellum punctate and with distinct interspaces or largely smooth; marginal cell of fore wing usually narrower ( |
3 |
2. | Lateral lobes of mesoscutum rugose-striate posteriorly; notauli fused posteriorly, forming deep groove near scutellar sulcus ( |
|
– | Lateral lobes of mesoscutum finely punctate posteriorly; notauli connected posteriorly, forming a curved crenulate groove, area near scutellar sulcus flat; second tergite smooth or anterior half more or less superficially obliquely striate ( |
|
3. | Frons deeply depressed and in front of anterior ocellus with a distinctly protruding lamella ( |
|
– | Frons at most moderately depressed and in front of anterior ocellus without a distinctly protruding lamella ( |
4 |
4. | Body completely pale yellowish or brownish-yellow, with base of first tergite and second tergite more or less ivory ( |
|
– | Body at least partly black or dark brown ( |
5 |
5. | First metasomal tergite 2.5–2.7 times as long as its apical width ( |
6 |
– | First tergite 1.0–1.7 times as long as its apical width ( |
7 |
6. | Head and mesosoma brownish-yellow ( |
|
– | Head, mesosoma and base of first tergite black ( |
|
7. | Second metasomal tergite distinctly striate ( |
8 Note. If head orange brown, vertex posteriorly very finely transversely aciculate, second submarginal cell of fore wing minute but with vein r-m of fore wing distinctly developed, frons with medial ridge, second tergite with smooth convex area surrounded by striae and notauli completely and distinctly crenulate, cf. |
– | Second tergite smooth or largely so ( |
14 |
8. | Mesoscutum protruding over pronotum ( |
|
– | Mesoscutum not protruding anteriorly ( |
9 |
9. | Hind femur robust ( |
|
– | Hind femur moderately slender ( |
10 |
10. | Mesoscutum rather matt and densely micro-sculptured ( |
|
– | Mesoscutum distinctly shiny and evenly finely punctate ( |
11 Note. If the mesoscutum is orange brown and rather robust ( |
11. | Second metasomal tergite finely striate, ivory anteriorly and tergite hardly narrowed anteriorly ( |
12 |
– | Second tergite rather coarsely to finely costate, black and tergite narrowed anteriorly ( |
13 |
12. | Basal half of hind tibia entirely white ( |
|
– | Basal half of hind tibia largely dark brown, only with a subbasal white ring ( |
|
13. | First metasomal tergite regularly and rather densely striate laterally ( |
|
– | First tergite sparsely, and rather irregularly striate laterally ( |
|
14. | Hind femur very coarsely and densely punctate ventrally ( |
|
– | Hind femur at most moderate punctate ventrally ( |
15 |
15. | Hind femur robust, rather swollen ( |
16 |
– | Hind femur moderately slender ( |
19 |
16. | Length of ovipositor sheath about 0.5 times fore wing ( |
|
– | Length of ovipositor sheath 0.8–1.0 times fore wing ( |
17 |
17. | Head and mesosoma (except propodeum) brownish-yellow ( |
|
– | Head and mesosoma black ( |
18 |
18. | Frons laterally rather coarsely (female) or finely (male) punctate; basal half of hind tibia largely whitish, with only a subbasal dark brown patch ( |
|
– | Frons laterally sparsely punctulate; basal half of hind tibia partly dark brown ( |
|
19. | Length of ovipositor sheath 0.5–0.6 times fore wing ( |
|
– | Length of ovipositor sheath 0.9 times fore wing ( |
20 |
20. | Mesoscutum and scutellum orange brown ( |
|
– | Mesoscutum and scutellum black ( |
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “C. Vietnam: Thua Thien Hué, Phong Dién N.R., nr base-camp, 15 km W. Phong My, 50–60 m, 23.iii-6.iv.2001, Mal. traps 4 + 5, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH”. Paratypes: 2 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin, Krong K’Mar, Mal. traps, 800–940 m, 2–10.vi.2007, C. van Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”.
Closely related to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.9 mm, of fore wing 4.6 mm, ovipositor sheath 4.9 mm.
Antenna incomplete, with 31 segments remaining, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third and fourth segments 4.0 and 2.8 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; malar space 1.1 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.0 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum smooth with five carinae anteriorly, finely densely punctate dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove distinctly crenulate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum spaced finely punctate, but densely anteriorly, medio-posteriorly lobes slightly convex; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.6 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum, shallow and with 3 carinae; scutellum shiny and with sparse rather coarse punctures, subposterior crest obsolescent (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.2, 7.7 and 12 times their width, respectively; hind femur densely and rather coarsely punctate but with narrow smooth interspaces and with short setae (
First tergite parallel-sided without distinct dorsal carinae, its length 2.3 times its apical width (
Black; antenna blackish-brown; mesoscutum slightly chestnut-brown posteriorly; palpi, mandible, second tergite laterally, third tergite antero-laterally and basal half of metasoma ventrally white or ivory; fore leg (but coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, femur ventrally and partly laterally and small patch of tibia brown), middle tibia dorsally (but subbasal patch and apical fifth brown), spurs and tarsus pale yellow; remainder of middle leg dark brown; hind leg black or blackish-brown and with a white basal tibial ring (
Antennal segments of female 35; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.8–0.9 times as long as vein 1-M; outer side of middle tibia with row of 4–5 pegs; length of body 5.2–5.9 mm, of fore wing 4.4–4.6 mm; length of first tergite 2.2–2.3 times as long as wide apically; length of ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.1 times fore wing.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak and C Vietnam: Thua Thien Hué.
Unknown.
From “annulus” (Latin for “ring”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the white basal ring of the hind tibia.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Mal. traps, c. 100 m, 9.iv-13.v.2007, M.P. Quy, N.T. Manh & C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’07”. Paratype: 2 ♂ (IEBR, RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., n[ea]r dam, 840–940 m, 2–10.vi.2007, Mal. traps, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”.
The new species is close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.3 mm, of fore wing 2.6 mm, of ovipositor sheath 2.4 mm.
Antennal segments 28, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.0, 3.3 and 2.3 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.4 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; malar space 2.5 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 5.7 times temple; ocelli in high triangle (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotal trough rugose, dorsally rugose-punctate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum shiny, sparsely punctate and setose; notauli complete, wide and largely crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as scutellum with 3 carinae; scutellum without subposterior crest (
Fore wing: second submarginal medium-sized and triangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.6, 5.0 and 7.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.6 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of middle tibia with 4 pegs; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively (figs); tarsal claws with lobe.
Length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width (
Brownish-yellow; propodeum, apex of hind tibia and hind tarsus, first tergite basally and third-seventh tergites largely dark brown; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
Antennal segments of female 28, of male 30; outer side of middle tibia with row of 1–4 pegs; length of hind femur 2.6–3.0 times as long as wide; second tergite pale yellow (♀) or largely dark brown (♂), smooth or partly superficially granulate; length of body 3.2–3.3 mm, of fore wing 4.4–4.6 mm; head dorsally, mesopleuron partly and metapleuron of males dark brown or blackish.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak, Dong Nai.
Unknown.
Named after the type locality: Cat Tien National Park.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., c 100 m, 13–19.v.2007, Crocodile tr[ail], Mal. traps, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratypes (3 ♀): 1 ♀ (IEBR), id. but
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.2 mm, of fore wing 3.6 mm, ovipositor sheath 3.0 mm.
Antennal segments 36, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 3.1 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.3 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 2.2 times height of head; malar space 2.7 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.5 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope shallow; pronotal trough largely smooth, crenulate anteriorly, dorsally with sparse fine punctures; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum with very sparse fine punctures; notauli complete and crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.6 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 3 carinae; scutellum with sparse punctures, subposterior crest short (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.8, 6.1 and 9.2 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite longitudinally striate without dorsal carinae; length of first tergite 1.7 times its apical width (
Black; mouthparts, fore and middle legs, hind trochantellus and basal half of hind tibia pale yellow; pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron above precoxal sulcus orange brown; second tergite basally, first-second tergites laterally ivory; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
Antenna with 33–36 segments; first tergite 1.7–1.9 times as long as its apical width; second tergite weakly longitudinally striate or smooth; ovipositor sheath 0.8–0.9 times as long as fore wing; length of body 4.9–5.2 mm and of fore wing 3.6–3.8 mm.
NE Vietnam: Ha Noi and S Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “contra” (Latin for “opposite”), because of the contrasting orange and black body colour.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH) “NW Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.R., 15 km W Sa Pa, c 1900 m, 15–21.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”.
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.3 mm, of fore wing 3.1 mm, ovipositor sheath 2.5 mm.
Antenna with 27 segments, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.5, 3.0 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.3 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 2.1 times temple; temple gradually narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronotum smooth without carinae anteriorly, rather sparsely punctate dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove finely crenulate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum largely setose and smooth, only somewhat spaced punctulate, medio-posteriorly lobes flattened; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate, but somewhat widened posteriorly; scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum, moderately deep and with 3 carinae; scutellum shiny and smooth, subposterior crest obsolescent but with a rather wide and coarsely crenulate groove in front of it (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.6, 6.4 and 9 times their width, respectively; hind femur largely smooth, spaced punctulate and with medium-sized setae (
First tergite widened posteriorly, sparsely and weakly striate, with dorsal carinae weakly developed, its length 1.5 times its apical width (
Black; palpi pale yellowish; middle and hind spurs white; antenna, legs (but fore tibia brown and fore femur partly yellowish-brown, hind and middle basitarsi basally, hind tibia with a narrow basal and a wide submedial band white or ivory), tegulae, metasoma (but baso-ventrally pale brown), veins and pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate.
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “crenulatus” (Latin for “finely notched”), and “sulcus” (Latin for “groove”), because of the crenulate posterior groove of the pronotum.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., n[ea]r centre, c 225 m, 29.vi-18.vii.2000, Mai Phu Quy, RMNH’01”. Paratypes (2 ♀): 1♀ (IEBR), same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Mal. traps, c 100 m, 9.iv.2007–13.v.2007, M.P. Quy, N.T. Manh & C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’07”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 8.5 mm, of fore wing 7.4 mm, of ovipositor sheath 7.2 mm.
Antennal segments 45; length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.8, 2.5 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; length of apical segment 2.3 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; malar space 2.4 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.8 times temple; ocelli in low triangle (
Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height; pronotum shiny with rugae ventrally, dorsally pronotum with dense fine punctures (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell medium-sized triangular (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.7, 6.7 and 8.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite distinctly depressed laterally; length of first tergite 1.5 times its apical width (
Black; mouthparts, fore leg and middle tibia and tarsus yellow; medial round area of face, malar space and temple partly, mesoscutum, tegula reddish yellow; hind tibia (but basal pale yellow ring and yellow spurs) and tarsus brown; first-second metasomal tergites ivory ventrally; wing membrane dark brown, with pale band extending from vein 2-SR+M to vein 3-CU1.
Length of body 8.2–9.3 mm, of fore wing 7.0–7.4 mm, vein M+CU 0.7–0.8 times vein 1-M, outer side of middle tibia with 2–12 pegs; second tergite without weak transverse groove; large reddish-yellow medial area of face may be fused with clypeus; entirely malar space and temple may be reddish-yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.1 times fore wing; wing membrane dark brown or yellowish-brown; basal ring of hind tibia white or pale brownish.
N Vietnam: Ninh Binh and S Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “depressus” (Latin for “pressed down”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the depressed frons.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “C. Vietnam: Ha Tinh, Vu Quang N.P., 97 m, 18°19'43N; 105°26'29E, 23.ix.-5.x.2009, Mal[aise] trap 21, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’09”.
Close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.6 mm, of fore wing 3.7 mm, ovipositor sheath 4.3 mm.
Antenna with 35 segments, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.8, 3.0 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 1.8 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.0 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotum largely smooth, but with three carinae anteriorly, with some punctures dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove finely crenulate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum indistinctly crenulate; mesoscutum spaced punctulate, medio-posteriorly lobes flattened posteriorly; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate, ending distinctly in front of scutellar sulcus; scutellar sulcus half as long as dorsal face of scutellum, shallow, curved and with 3 short carinae; scutellum shiny and smooth (except for some punctures), subposterior crest absent (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell medium-sized and petiolate, petiolus 0.7 times vein r-m and sides of cell curved (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.8, 8.9 and 9 times their width, respectively; hind femur finely pimply or punctulate and with short setae (
First tergite subparallel-sided, with distinct dorsal carinae in its basal half, its length 2.5 times its apical width and rather coarsely longitudinally striate (
Yellowish-brown; antenna blackish-brown; tegulae, middle coxa, base of middle femur and hind spurs brown; malar space, base of first tergite, basal half of second tergite, ventral half of metasoma and basal ring of hind tibia white; remainder of metasoma and of hind leg dark brown; mandible ivory; palpi, fore leg and remainder of middle leg brownish-yellow; veins and pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline but slightly infuscate apically.
C Vietnam: Ha Tinh.
Unknown.
From “elongatus” (Latin for “prolonged”), because of the elongated first metasomal tergite.
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Vinh Phuc; NW Vietnam: Lao Cai; C Vietnam: Quang Tri and S Vietnam: Dong Nai. Outside Vietnam known from China (Jiangsu; Shandong; Shanghai; Taiwan; Zhejiang); India; Japan (including Okinawa); Korea; Nepal; Philippines (Mindoro); Russia (Far East). Introduced into U.S.A.
Recorded as a parasitoid of
One female from Cat Tien N.P. (
N Vietnam: Bac Ninh, Ha Noi, C Vietnam: Quang Nam and S Vietnam: Lam Dong. Outside Vietnam known from Indonesia (Java) and Malaysia.
Parasitoid of
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH) “NW Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.R., 15 km W Sa Pa, c 1900 m, 15–21.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”. Paratypes: 2 ♀ + 2 ♂, (RMNH, IEBR), same data as holotype.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.1 mm, of fore wing 4.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 3.1 mm.
Antennal segments 32, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 5.0, 4.0 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.5 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.8 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 2.7 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum largely smooth, ventrally punctate, dorsally with distinct punctures; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum shiny, sparsely punctate and setose; middle lobe of mesoscutum shiny and punctate; notauli narrow anteriorly, widened posteriorly, largely crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 5.4 and 9.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae; outer and inner spurs of middle tibia subequal and 0.5 times as long as middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of middle tibia with 4 pegs; hind tibia compressed basally and distinctly widened apically; length of outer and inner spur of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively; outer apex of hind tibia with a cluster of 9 pegs; tarsal claws with lobe.
First tergite slightly depressed laterally, 1.3 times as long as its apical width (
Black; fore leg brown (but coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and largely femur dark brown); basal ring of middle tibia and one third of middle basitarsus, two thirds of hind tibia (except small patch (
Antennal segments of male 30 and of female 28–32; length of body of female 3.3–4.1 mm and of male 3.7 mm; length of fore wing of female 2.6–4.0 mm and of male 3.9 mm; face entirely punctate or partly rugose-punctate; apical antennal segment 1.2 times as long as penultimate segment; outer side of middle tibia with a row of 3 pegs; fore leg yellow or largely dark brown and brown; frons smooth to punctate laterally.
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “levis” (Latin for “smooth”), and “soma” (Greek for “body”), because of the smooth body.
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Vinh Phuc and NC Vietnam: Ha Tinh. Outside Vietnam known from China (Taiwan).
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang; NC Vietnam: Ha Tinh and S Vietnam: Dong Nai. Outside Vietnam known from East Malaysia (Sabah).
The females have the humeral plate pale yellow and distinctly contrasting with the dark brown tegulum; males have the humeral plate partly dark brown and less contrasting.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 309, “NE Vietnam: Ha Noi, Tu Liem, ex
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.6 mm, of fore wing 3.6 mm, ovipositor sheath 3.1 mm.
Antennal segments 37, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.0 and 1.0 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment twice as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; malar space 3.4 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; pronotum smooth with sparse fine punctures dorsally, crenulate posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum densely rugose-punctate, rugose-striate apically; notauli deep and crenulate, fused with scutellar sulcus posteriorly forming a groove; scutellar sulcus 0.6 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 3 carinae; scutellum convex, slightly narrowed, rugose-punctate, subposterior crest sinuate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.4, 5.4 and 9.2 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae and coarsely punctate (
Length of first tergite 1.1 times its apical width (
Black; antenna light brown (but scapus dark brown); tegulae dark brown; fore and middle legs pale yellow; fore and middle coxae brown; hind tibia and tarsus dark yellow; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
Antennal segments of both sexes 35–37; length of body of female 4.2–5.0 mm, and of male 4.3–4.6 mm, length of fore wing of female 3.6–4.2 mm, of male 3.7–4.2 mm, apical antennal segment 1.4–2.0 times as long as penultimate segment; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.9–1.1 times as long as vein 1-M; length of first tergite (both sexes) 1.0–1.1 times as long as its apical width; basal area of second tergite weakly rugose or smooth.
NE Vietnam: Bac Ninh, Ha Noi; CN Vietnam: Quang Binh and S Vietnam: Lam Dong.
According to the label data parasitoid of the pod bean borers
Named after the generic name of one of its hosts:
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 152, “NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Yen Thuy, orchard, MT, 20–30.x.2002, K.D. Long”. Paratypes (2 ♀): 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 153, same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 294, “CN Vietnam: Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat N.P., 13.iv.2006, P.Th. Nhi”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.1 mm, of fore wing 3.4 mm, of ovipositor sheath 1.9 mm.
Antennal segments 31, length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.8, 3.4 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; malar space 3.3 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.0 times temple; ocelli in high triangle (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum smooth, crenulate anteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum sparsely crenulate; mesoscutum rugose-punctate anteriorly, sparsely punctate posteriorly; middle lobe of mesoscutum with distinct longitudinal elevation medially; notauli complete, sparsely crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.5 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum and with 3 carinae; scutellum with sparse distinct punctures with rugose subposterior carina (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell obsolescent and with long petiolus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 5.4 and 8.6 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
Length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width (
Brownish-yellow; antenna, vein SC+C+R, pterostigma, 1-SR1, apex of hind tibia apically, hind tarsus and ovipositor sheath dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
Antenna with 31 segments; length of body 3.6–4.1 mm, length of fore wing 3.3–3.4 mm; vein M+CU of hind wing 0.8–0.9 times as long as vein 1-M; length of first tergite 1.3–1.5 times its apical width.
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh and CN Vietnam: Nghe An.
Unknown.
From “mellitus” (Latin for “pertaining to honey”), and “soma” (Greek for “body”), because of the honey coloured body.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Crocodile tr[ail], Mal. traps, c 100 m, 13–19.v.2007, C. van Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratypes (15 ♀ + 4 ♂): 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH, IEBR), same data as holotype; 7 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), id., but 10–30.iv.2007, M.P. Quy & N.T. Manh; 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 9–26.iv.2007; 2 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), id., but 9.iv-13.v.2007, M.P. Quy, N.T. Manh & C. v. Achterberg; 2 ♀ + 3 ♂, id., but bird trail, Malaise traps 30–35, 15–20.v.2007, C. van Achterberg & R. de Vries. 2 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), id., but Dong trail, 9–30.iv.2007, M.P. Quy & N.T. Manh, RMNH’07”.
The new species is close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.5 mm, of fore wing 5.3 mm, ovipositor sheath 3.1 mm.
Antennal segments 38, length of third segment 1.8 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.0, 2.2 and 1.3 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment 1.5 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; malar space 1.9 times as long as basal width of mandible; temple short, in dorsal view length of eye 3.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; pronotum smooth with two carinae anteriorly and fine punctures dorsally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; latelal and middle lobes of mesoscutum with close distinct punctures anteriorly, medio-posteriorly slightly convex and smooth; notauli complete crenulate, narrower anteriorly and wider posteriorly (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.6, 7.5 and 10.0 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite parallel-sided without dorsal carinae, its length 2.2 times its apical width (
Black; antenna dark brown but paler apically; fore leg (but coxa brown), middle tibia and tarsus yellow; hind leg black or blackish-brown; wing membrane infuscate apically and subhyaline basally (
Antennal segments of females 39–40, of male 36; vein M+CU 0.8 times as long as vein 1-M; scutellum rugose-punctate or sparsely punctate; outer side of middle tibia with row of 2–3 pegs; length of body 4.0–5.5 mm, of fore wing 3.9–5.3 mm.
S Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “nigro” (Latin for “black”), and “linea” (Latin for “line”), because of the black linear middle part of the first and second metasomal tergites.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “Vietnam: Ninh Thuân, Núi Chúa N.P., dry south part, Mal. traps, 100–180 m, 22–29.v.2007, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratypes: 1 ♀ + 4 ♂ (IEBR, RMNH), same data.
Runs in the key by Chen & Yang (2006) to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.2 mm, of fore wing 2.5 mm, ovipositor sheath 2.2 mm.
Antenna incomplete, with 21 segments remaining, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third and fourth segments 3.0 and 2.4 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; malar space 2.4 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.2 times temple; temple gradually narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronotum with distinct convex area antero-ventrally, with seven carinae or rugae antero-medially, finely densely punctate dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove distinctly crenulate, remainder mainly smooth; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum spaced punctulate, middle lobe with a pair of shallow longitudinal depressions, medio-posteriorly lobes slightly convex; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate; scutellar sulcus half as long as dorsal face of scutellum, moderately deep and with one carina; scutellum shiny, rather flattened and with sparse rather coarse punctures, subposterior crest obsolescent, but with a narrow crenulate transverse groove (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.6, 6.6 and 7.6 times their width, respectively; hind femur largely smooth, finely pimply and with short setae (
First tergite mainly superficially granulate intermingled with rugulae, parallel-sided without distinct dorsal carinae, its length 1.4 times its apical width (
Black; pedicellus brown and distinctly paler than scapus and flagellar segments mainly brown with dark medial band or largely dark brown; mandible, palpi, malar space ventrally, tegulae, basal 0.6 of hind tibia (but with an indistinct subbasal brown patch), largely hind trochanter and trochantellus, apex and base of first tergite narrowly, second tergite, third tergite laterally and ventral half of metasoma ivory or pale yellowish; pronotum antero-medially, fore leg (but coxa largely dark brown), middle leg (but coxa dark brown and tarsus brown), scutellum laterally, metanotum, remainder of metasoma, pterostigma and veins dark brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
Antennal segments of female 30, of male 29–32; vein M+CU 0.7–1.1 times as long as vein 1-M; outer side of middle tibia with row of 3–6 pegs; apex of first tergite narrowly (♀) or widely (♂) ivory; posterior half of second tergite dark brown (♀) or ivory (♂);length of body 3.2–3.9 mm, of fore wing 2.5–3.3 mm.
S Vietnam: Ninh Thuân.
Unknown.
Named after the type locality: Núi Chúa National Park.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N.W. Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.P., 10 km SW Sa Pa, c. 1550 m, 22–29.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.6 mm, of fore wing 6.3 mm, of ovipositor sheath 5.0 mm.
Antennal segments 37, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.1, 3.0 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of apical antennal segment 1.2 times as long as penultimate segment; maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; malar space 2.5 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.4 times temple; temples gradually narrowed (
Length of mesosoma 1.6 times its height; pronotum shiny smooth medially, crenulate anteriorly, pronotal trough rugose-punctate, dorsally with dense punctures; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum densely crenulate; mesoscutum rugose-punctate, slightly flat posterior with sparse punctures; notauli complete, crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.6 times as long as dorsal part of scutellum and with one carinae; scutellum largely rugose-punctate with transverse subposterior crest (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell medium-sized (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.0, 8.1 and 10.7 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
First tergite with short medial carina, slightly depressed laterally, its length 1.7 times its apical width (
Black; palpi, fore legs, middle tibia and tarsus yellow; middle femur yellowish brown; hind tibia with a pale yellowish basal ring (
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “para” (Greek for “near”), and the specific name “asper”, because of its similarity to that species.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “NW. Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.P., 15 km SW Sa Pa, c 1900 m, 15–21.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”.
Differs from other known species by the combination of the flattened frons, the less transverse head, the comparatively short ovipositor sheath (about 0.5 times fore wing), the lack of a triangular area in front of the anterior ocellus and the tegulum paler than the humeral plate.
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.4 mm, of fore wing 3.0 mm, ovipositor sheath 1.3 mm.
Antenna with 28 segments, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 3.0 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 1.8 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotum smooth, with distinct epomial and deep subpronope anteriorly, finely sparsely punctate dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove indistinctly crenulate ventrally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum spaced punctulate but finely punctate near notauli, medio-posteriorly lobes flattened; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate anteriorly and becoming wider posteriorly, coalescent part rather widely crenulate; scutellar sulcus half as long as dorsal face of scutellum, shallow and with one short carina; scutellum shiny and with a few punctures, subposterior crest obsolescent but with distinctly crenulate groove and medio-posteriorly with semi-circular crenulate depression (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell medium-sized and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.9, 6.1 and 7.4 times their width, respectively; hind femur shiny, largely smooth and with rather short setae (
First tergite widened posteriorly, largely smooth, with a few striae laterally, its basal half with weak dorsal carinae, its length 1.4 times its apical width (
Black; antenna, humeral plate, fore coxa basally, fore and middle tarsi largely, middle coxa largely, hind femur, apical third of hind tibia, hind tarsus (except whitish basal third of basitarsus), metasoma apically and ventrally (but antero-ventrally largely pale yellowish), ovipositor sheath, veins and pterostigma dark brown; palpi and mandible pale yellowish; remainder of fore and middle legs, hind trochanter and trochantellus, subbasal patch of hind tibia and tegulum brownish-yellow; spurs and remainder of hind tibia whitish; wing membrane slightly infuscate (
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai.
Unknown.
From “planus” (Latin for “flat”), and “frons” (Latin for “fore part”), because of the flat frons.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Pa Co Hang Kia N.R., 1321 m, 20°44'36N; 104°53'44E, 10–24.x.2009, Mal. tr. 8, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’09”.
Recognizable by its slender basal tergites of the metasoma and the slender mesosoma (including a slender mesopleuron), combined with a black head and mesosoma.
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.9 mm, of fore wing 3.7 mm, ovipositor sheath 4.6 mm.
Antenna with 32 segments, length of third segment 1.4 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.2, 3.0 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 2.2 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.8 times temple; temple gradually narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; pronotum smooth with three weak carinae and double distinct epomial anteriorly, subpronope rather shallow, finely densely punctate and densely setose dorso-posteriorly and posterior groove narrowly crenulate; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum moderately coarsely punctate, with distinct smooth interspaces, medio-posteriorly lobes slightly convex; notauli complete and narrowly crenulate; scutellar sulcus 0.4 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum, moderately deep and with one carina; scutellum flat, shiny and with sparse rather coarse punctures, subposterior crest weakly protruding and in front shallowly crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell medium-sized and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.3, 8.2 and 9.2 times their width, respectively; hind femur spaced finely punctate and with short setae (
First tergite parallel-sided, rather irregularly and densely longitudinally striate and 2.5 times as long as its apical width, with rather weak dorsal carinae in basal 0.6 of tergite (
Black; antenna, tegulae, fore and middle coxae, apical half of hind tibia and small subbasal patch, hind tarsus, metasoma apically and ventrally (but antero-ventrally largely ivory), ovipositor sheath, hind spurs, veins and pterostigma dark brown; malar space, palpi, mandible, fore trochanter, basal half of middle tibia (except brownish patch subbasally), middle spurs and middle basitarsus largely, remainder of hind tibia, basal third of second tergite and its lateral margin ivory or white; middle trochanter, base of middle femur, apical half of middle tibia and telotarsus brown; remainder of fore and middle legs brownish-yellow; and remainder of hind tibia whitish; wing membrane subhyaline.
NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Unknown.
From “punctum” (Latin for “small hole, spot”), and “scutum” (Latin for “shield”), because of the punctate mesoscutum.
Holotype, ♂ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Ha Noi, Gia Lam, soya bean field, ex O[miodes] indicata, 24.iii.1995, Ha”, “Aga 004”.
Recognizable by the unique feature of the mesoscutum protruding over the pronotum anteriorly; in addition the middle lobe of the mesoscutum is comparatively short and wide.
Holotype, ♂, length of body 5.1 mm, of fore wing 4.2 mm.
Antenna with 35 segments, length of third segment 1.5 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.4, 3.0 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 1.6 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 4.8 times temple; temple directly narrowed posteriorly (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronotum smooth but coarsely crenulate antero-medially and posterior groove distinctly crenulate ventrally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum finely crenulate; anteriorly mesoscutum porches over pronotum (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell rather small and petiolate (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.5, 6.1 and 7 times their width, respectively; hind femur smooth (only slightly pimply) and with medium-sized setae (
First tergite somewhat widened apically, 1.4 times as long as its apical width, longitudinally costate, with dorsal carinae nearly complete but similar to surrounding sculpture (
Black; pronotum (but ventrally yellowish), mesoscutum, scutellum (but laterally dark brown) and mesopleuron antero-dorsally orange brown, scapus, pedicellus, clypeus ventrally, tegulum, fore and middle legs, propleural flange, hind trochanter and trochantellus, spurs, hind tarsus (but somewhat infuscate) and narrowly apex of metasoma brownish-yellow; humeral plate yellow; remainder of antenna brown to rather dark brown; malar space, metanotum and pterostigma dark brown; palpi, mandible, basal 0.6 of hind tibia (and without dark patch), apex of first tergite, second tergite, third tergite narrowly antero-medially and basal half of metasoma ventrally white or ivory; veins largely brown; wing membrane subhyaline.
N Vietnam: Ha Noi.
The holotype was reared from
From “robustus” (Latin for “strong”), because of the robust body.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “NW. Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.P., 10 km SW Sa Pa, c 1550 m, 22–29.x.1999, Malaise traps, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”. Paratype: 1 ♂ + 1 ♀ (IEBR, RMNH), “NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Mai Chau, Pa Co N.P., 1100 m, 21.iv.2001, K.D. Long”.
Easily recognizable because of the large reticulate-rugose area on the mesoscutum subapically. The new species is similar to the Palaearctic
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.8 mm, of fore wing 3.2 mm.
Antenna broken, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.5, 3.5 times their width, respectively; maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 3.6 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view, length of eye 7.0 times temple; temple roundly narrowed posteriorly; ocelli in high triangle (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum setose and rugose-punctate ventrally and dorsally, smooth medially; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum crenulate; mesoscutum shiny almost coriaceous with very sparse minute punctures anteriorly, slightly flat and smooth posteriorly; notauli complete, crenulate and widened posteriorly, forming a large reticulate-rugose area (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell small and petiolate (
Hind femur robust; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.6, 5.0 and 9.5 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with short setae (
Length of first metasomal tergite 1.4 times its apical width (
Black; clypeus, mouthparts, fore legs (but reddish yellow trochantellus and basal half of tibia); middle legs light brown or infuscate (but yellow femur apically, tibia and hind basitarsus basally); hind spurs, basal two thirds of hind tibia and basal half of hind basitarsus yellowish; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate.
Antenna with 33 segments (female); vein M+CU of hind wing 0.8–0.9 times as long as vein 1-M; POL:OD:OOL = 6:5:8 (male); outer side of middle tibia with 2–3 pegs and 2 pegs at apex; length of body 3.8–4.2 mm, of fore wing 3.0–3.5 mm.
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai and NE Vietnam: Hoa Binh.
Unknown.
From “rugosus” (Latin for “wrinkled”), and “fero” (Latin for “carry”), because of the rugose part of the mesoscutum.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “N. Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., n[ea]r centre, c. 225 m, 20.xii.1999–10.ii.2000, Mai Phu Quy, RMNH’00”.
Closely related to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.8 mm, of fore wing 5.5 mm, ovipositor sheath 4.0 mm.
Antenna with 38 segments, length of third segment 1.3 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.0, 3.2 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 1.4 times as long as basal width of mandible, rectangularly protruding backwards; in dorsal view length of eye 4.8 times temple; temple gradually narrowed posteriorly; ocelli in rather high triangle (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; pronotum smooth, with long epomial carina and behind it some striae and a long sinuate oblique carina, with large and deep subpronope, finely densely punctate dorso-posteriorly and ventral half of posterior groove distinctly crenulate, remainder largely smooth and narrow; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum finely crenulate; mesoscutum densely and rather coarsely punctate, but sparsely medio-posteriorly, medio-posteriorly lobes slightly convex, with some weak striae near elongate depression at end of notauli; notauli complete and moderately crenulate anteriorly and more widely so posteriorly; scutellar sulcus 0.6 times as long as dorsal face of scutellum, shallow and with 1 long and 4 short carinae; scutellum angulate anteriorly and with several coarse punctures, shiny, subposterior crest obsolescent and finely crenulate in front of it (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell rather small and petiolate, petiolus widened (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.4, 7.8 and 11.4 times their width, respectively; hind femur densely and rather coarsely punctate but with narrow smooth interspaces and with rather short setae; length of outer and inner spur of middle tibia 0.4 and 0.7 times middle basitarsus, respectively; outer side of middle tibia with a row of 2 pegs and 1 peg at apex; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus, respectively; tarsal claws with large obtuse lobe.
First tergite longitudinally costate, distinctly narrowed behind spiracles without distinct dorsal carinae, its length 2.8 times its apical width (
Black; antenna blackish-brown; mesoscutum slightly chestnut-brown posteriorly; palpi, mandible apically (remainder rather dark brown), first and second tergites laterally, third tergite antero-laterally, middle spurs and basal half of metasoma ventrally white or ivory; fore leg (but coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, femur largely) and middle tarsus pale yellow; tegulae, middle trochanter, trochantellus and femur, apical half of metasoma ventrally, ovipositor sheath, veins and pterostigma dark brown; hind leg entirely black or blackish-brown, spurs brown; wing membrane rather infuscate (
N Vietnam: Ninh Binh.
Unknown.
From “scutellum” (Latin for “small shield”), because of the angulate and punctate scutellum.
1. | Fore wing with a large stigmal spot connected to a dark brown band below pterostigma ( |
|
– | Fore wing with a small isolated stigmal spot ( |
Holotype, ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 170, “S. Vietnam: Kien Giang, Phu Quoc N.P., 4.xii.2003, N.Th. Huong”.
The colour pattern of this species seems to be unique in the genera
Holotype, ♀, length of body 16.0 mm, of fore wing 16.0 mm.
Antennal segments 68, length of third segment subequal to fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 1.8, 2.0 and 1.2 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment long conical, 2.6 times as long as penultimate segment; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 1.3 times temple; temple gradually narrowed (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope very deep and large; pronotum smooth laterally, crenulate anteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum shiny and smooth, medio-posteriorly slightly depressed, middle lobe convex; notauli wide, deep and coarsely crenulate; scutellar sulcus short with 3 carinae and 0.4 times as long as dorsal part of scutellum (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell large, pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, without ramellus (
Hind coxa rather long, hind femur robust, length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.0, 7.2 and 12.6 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity; outer side of apex of hind tibia with two equal and distal each other pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.4 times hind basitarsus; fore and middle tarsi slender.
First tergite slender, smooth, slightly widened apically (
Yellow; antenna brown but scapus yellow, blackish ventrally; fore wing with isolated stigmal spot.
S Vietnam: Kien Giang.
Unknown.
From “allo” (Greek for “other”), and “flavus” (Latin for “yellow”), because of the different yellow colour pattern.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 296, “Central North Vietnam: Nghe An, Pu Mat N.P., 17.iv.2006, P.Th. Nhi”.
Similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 14.6 mm, of fore wing 13.5 mm.
Antennal segments 62, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.1, 2.0 and 1.3 times their width, respectively; apical antennal segment obtuse; scapus slender; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 1.3 times temple; temple straight laterally and weakly narrowed (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope very deep and large; pronotum smooth laterally, crenulate anteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; side of mesoscutum shiny and smooth, medio-posteriorly slightly depressed, middle lobe convex; notauli wide, deep and coarsely crenulate; scutellum slightly narrowed posteriorly, rugose-punctate, subposterior crest strong and curved; scutellar sulcus with 3 carinae and 0.6 times as long as dorsal part of scutellum (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell large, pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, without ramellus (
Hind coxa rather long, hind femur robust, length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.8, 5.6 and 6.2 times their width, respectively; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity; outer side of apex of hind tibia with two distal each other pegs; length of outer and inner spurs of middle tibia 0.5 and 0.6 times middle basitarsus, respectively; length of outer and inner spurs of hind tibia 0.3 and 0.6 times hind basitarsus; fore and middle tarsi robust (
First tergite short, smooth, slightly widened apically (
Yellowish-brown; antennae, malar space and temple largely black; basal half of wings and pterostigma yellow (
Central North Vietnam: Nghe An.
Unknown.
From “gigantos” (Greek for “giant”), because is one of the largest known species of the genus.
From “zelo” (first part of the genus name
Apex of antenna with spine; area between antennal sockets with a pair of crests (
Probably sister to the genus
Syn.:
Syn.:
East Palaearctic, Oriental, Australian and (rarely) in Afrotropical region.
Unknown, but phylogenetically related genera contain parasitoids of
1. | Hind tibia and apical half of metasoma black (Figs |
2 |
– | Hind tibia (except apically) and apical half of metasoma yellowish-brown ( |
6 |
2. | First metasomal tergite with coarsely rugose glymma and with distinct dorso-lateral carina above spiracle ( |
|
– | First tergite with smooth glymma or glymma absent and without distinct dorso-lateral carina above spiracle ( |
3 |
3. | First metasomal tergite distinctly widened apically and 1.7–1.9 times as long as wide apically ( |
4 |
- | First tergite parallel-sided and 3–4 times as long as wide apically ( |
5 |
4. | Hind coxa distinctly punctate-rugose ( |
|
– | Hind coxa mainly punctate ( |
|
5. | Propodeum, first and second tergites pale yellowish or ivory ( |
|
– | Propodeum, first and second tergites black ( |
|
6. | Apical half of pterostigma yellow ( |
|
– | Apical half of pterostigma dark brown ( |
7 |
7. | Hind femur comparatively robust ( |
|
– | Hind femur slender ( |
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh; CN Vietnam: Ha Tinh; C Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hue. Outside Vietnam only known from China (Fujian). Vietnam is a new record.
The holotype is a male, not a female as indicated in the original description. The sculpture of the notauli is variable: it varies from distinctly crenulate to nearly smooth. Also the shape of the first tergite is rather variable, as robust as depicted by Chen & Yang (2006) to fairly slender. This species resembles
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Mal. traps c. 100 m, 9.iv-13.v.2007, Mai Phu Quy & Nguyen Thanh Manh, RMNH’07”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.2 mm, of fore wing 5.7 mm.
Antennal segments 41; length of third segment 1.1 times as long as fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.3, 2.0 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; penultimate segment as long as apical segment without spine; antenna densely setose; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times as long as height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 3.0 times temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; subpronope small, deep; side of pronotum smooth, upper side with sparse fine punctures; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; mesoscutum shiny with sparse distinct punctures; notauli shallow areolate-punctate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrow anteriorly, without ramellus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.5, 3.9 and 4.5 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa punctate; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity (
First tergite rather long almost parallel-sided; length of first tergite 2.9 times its apical width (
Brownish-yellow; antenna (but scapus yellow basally), apex of vein C+SC+R and pterostigma dark brown; hind leg black or blackish brown; first-third metasomal segments white (but third tergite black dorso-laterally); remainder of metasomal segments black and metasoma ivory ventrally; wings slightly infuscate (
S Vietnam: Dong Nai.
Unknown.
From “albus” (Latin for “white”) and “basis” (Latin for “foundation, base”), because of the white base of the metasoma.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., n[ea]r dam, 744–900 m, 1–10.vi.2007, Mal[aise] trap, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’07”. Paratype: 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 187, “NE Vietnam: Phu Tho, Xuan Son N.P., forest, 10.v.2005, P.Th. Nhi”.
The new species is close to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 6.3 mm, of fore wing 6.4 mm.
Antennal segments 42, length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.1 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; penultimate segment 0.6 times as long as apical segment; antenna densely setose; scapus nearly cylindrical, 2.2 times as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 0.7 times height of head; malar space 1.5 times as long as basal width of mandible, 0.3 times height of eye and 0.2 times as long as height of head in lateral view (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; subpronope medium-sized, shallow; side of pronotum smooth and with sparse fine punctures posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; mesoscutum with distinct punctures anteriorly, shiny and sparsely punctate posteriorly; middle lobe of mesoscutum slightly grooved; notauli narrow, rather deep and punctate, fused posteriorly, forming wide shallow groove (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrow anteriorly, without ramellus (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.3, 6.5 and 11.3 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa areolate-punctate; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity (
First tergite long, smooth, parallel-sided (
Black; mesonotum and mesopleuron reddish brown, but mesopleuron black posteriorly; fore and middle legs dark brown, but fore and middle tarsi whitish-yellow; first-third metasomal sternites white; pterostigma dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate, without stigmal spot.
Length of body 6.3–7.3 mm; of fore wing 6.4–7.6 mm; antennal segments 42 (2); POL as long as OD or slightly larger; length of malar space 1.4–1.5 times basal width of mandible; first tergite slightly widened apically or parallel-sided, 3.1–3.6 times longer than wide apically.
NE Vietnam: Phu Tho and S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Unknown.
From “ango” (Latin for “pressed together”) and “notos” (Greek for “back”), because of the narrow first metasomal tergite.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “NW Vietnam: Tonkin, Hoang Lien N.P., 10 km SW Sa Pa, c. 1550 m, 23.x.1999, at light, C. v. Achterberg, RMNH’99”. Paratypes (4 ♀ + 6 ♂): 2 ♀ (RMNH), same data as holotype, but 22–29.x.1999, Malaise traps; 2 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 297 & 288, “CN Vietnam: Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat N.P., 15 & 17.iv.2006, P.Th. Nhi”; 1 ♀ (IEBR), id., but Aga. 181, 22–25.vii.2004, Tr.X. Lam; 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga 083, “Central North Vietnam (Truong Son range): Ha Tinh, Huong Son, Rao An, forest, 11.v.1998, K.D. Long”; 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 186, “Northwest Vietnam: Lai Chau, Muong Lay, Hat Tre, forest fragment, 10.x.2004, K.D. Long”; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 192, “Northeast Vietnam: Phu Tho, Xuan Son N.P., forest, 5.v.2005, P.T. Nhi”; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 315 and 316, “Central Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hué, Bach Ma N.P., 600 m, 18 & 19.v.2007, K.D. Long”.
The new speciesis similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 7.6 mm, of fore wing 8.6 mm.
Antennal segments 43, densely bristly setose, length of third segment 1.1 times as long as fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.6, 2.3 and 1.8 times their width, respectively; penultimate segments half as long as apical segment; scapus long somewhat compressed, nearly twice as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times as long as height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 2.3 times as long as temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope large, moderately deep; side of pronotum smooth, but dorsally upper side sparse finely punctate and crenulate postero-ventrally; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum slightly crenulate; middle lobe of mesoscutum distinctly punctate; lateral lobe of mesoscutum less densely and finer punctate than middle lobe except near notauli; notauli narrow, deep and nearly smooth (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrowed anteriorly and r-m nearly straight (
Hind coxa dorsally punctate and pimply; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 6.7 and 8.2 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa punctate-pimply; hind femur and tibia with rather long setae ventrally (
First tergite rather slender and smooth; length of first tergite 2.1 times its apical width (
Yellowish-brown, but mesoscutum largely somewhat darkened and first and second tergites pale yellowish; hind coxa, trochantellus, trochantellus and largely femur, hind tibial spurs, ovipositor sheath, scapus and pedicellus largely dark brown; remainder of antenna, apex of hind tibia and tarsus blackish; wings subhyaline but near parastigma and vein r infuscate; parastigma, apical part of vein C+SC+R, apical half of pterostigma and veins of apical half of fore wing largely dark brown.
Antennal segments 43–44; face moderately coarsely to finely spaced punctate; length of first tergite 1.7–2.1 times as long as its apical width; first and second tergites ivory or pale yellowish; mesosternum and third tergite more or less darkened. Males have basal third of pterostigma yellow and remainder dark brown.
NW Vietnam: Lao Cai, Lai Chau; NE Vietnam: Phu Tho; CN Vietnam: Nghe An, Ha Tinh and C Vietnam: Thua Thien-Hué.
Unknown.
From “bi” (Latin for “two”), “coloris” (Latin for “hue, tint”) and “stigma” (Greek for “mark”), because of the two colours of the pterostigma.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Kon Tum, Chu Mom Ray N.P., Mal. traps, 700–900 m, 26.ix.2006, Mai Phu Quy & Nguyen Thanh Manh, RMNH’07”. Paratypes (1 ♀ + 6 ♂): 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 176, “Central North Vietnam: Ha Tinh, Huong Son, forest 8.v.2004, Tr.X. Lam; 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 218, “N.W Vietnam: Yen Bai, Luc Yen, Phuc Loi, forest, 7.x.2003, K.D. Long”; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Aga. 352, “NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, Vi Xuyen, Minh Tan, bushes, 29.x.2006, K.D. Long”; 1 ♂ (IEBR), Aga. 253b, “NE Vietnam: Bac Kan, Ba Be N.P., forest, 17.vii.2004, K.D. Long”; 2 ♂ (RMNH, IEBR), “C. Vietnam: Ha Tinh, Vu Quang N.P., 139 m, 18°17'41N; 105°25'34E, 24.ix.-5.x.2009, Exp[erimental] trap 15, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’09"; 1 ♂ (RMNH), id., but Malaise trap 10, 53 m, 18°21'02N; 105°26'34E, 22.ix.-6.x.2009.
The new speciesis similar to
Holotype, ♀, length of body 7.0 mm, of fore wing 6.7 mm.
Antennal segments 47, length of third segment 1.2 times as long as fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.2, 1.8 and 1.7 times their width, respectively; penultimate segment as long as apical segment without spine; antenna densely setose; scapus nearly cylindrical, twice as long as wide; maxillary palp as long as height of head; in dorsal view length of eye 3.0 times as long as temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; subpronope small, deep; side of pronotum smooth, upper side with sparse fine punctures; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum sparsely crenulate; middle lobe of mesoscutum punctate; lateral lobe of mesoscutum almost smooth; notauli wide, shallow and sparsely crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrowed anteriorly (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.4, 5.3 and 12.0 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa punctate; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity (
First tergite rather long; length of first tergite twice its apical width (
Yellow; antenna (except yellow scapus) dark brown; wings yellow subhyaline; parastigma, apex of vein C+SC+R, apical half of pterostigma and vein 1-R1 dark brown.
Male: antennal segments 43–45; length of first tergite 1.8 times as long as its apical width; first-third segments of hind tarsus dark brown.
NE Vietnam: Ha Giang, NW Vietnam: Yen Bai, CN Vietnam: Ha Tinh and S Vietnam: Kon Tum.
Unknown.
From “brevis” (Latin for “short”) and “femur” (Latin for “foundation, base”), because of the short hind femur.
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), Aga. 251a, “S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Cu M’Gar, Ea Pok [forest], 10.vi.2005, K. Long”. Paratypes (9 ♀ + 14 ♂): 2 ♀ + 6 ♂ (IEBR, RMNH), same data as holotype; 4 ♀ + 8 ♂, (RMNH, IEBR), “S. Vietnam: Ban Me Thuat, park, 9.vi.2005, K.D. Long”; 2 ♀ (RMNH, IEBR), Aga. 250a and Aga. 251b, “S. Vietnam: Pleicu, Dac Do, 800 m, bushes, 8.vi.2005, K.D. Long”; 1 ♀ (IEBR), Aga. 223, ”S. Vietnam: Tay Ninh, Lo Go-Xa Mat N.P., 4.x.2003, K.D. Long”.
The new species resembles
Holotype, ♀, length of body 7.2 mm, of fore wing 7.4 mm.
Antennal segments 43, length of third segment 1.1 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.5, 2.3 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; penultimate segment as long as apical segment; antenna densely setose; scapus nearly cylindrical, twice as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 0.9 times height of head; malar space 1.3 times as long as basal width of mandible; in dorsal view length of eye 3.4 times as long as temple (
Length of mesosoma 1.4 times its height; subpronope medium, shallow; side of pronotum smooth with sparse fine punctures posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum smooth; mesoscutum with distinct punctures; middle lobe of mesoscutum slightly grooved; notauli narrow, rather deep and crenulate, fused posteriorly, forming a wide shallow groove (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrowed anteriorly and r-m angled (
Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 5.3 and 7.5 times their width, respectively; outer side of hind coxa punctate; hind femur (as remainder of legs) with long and dense setosity (
First tergite twice as long as its apical width (
Yellow; antenna (except yellow scapus) dark brown; membrane of fore wing yellowish and wing without stigmal spot; parastigma and apex of vein C+SC+R of fore wing dark brown; hind tarsus light brown.
Antennal segments 44–45; apical antennal segment 1.2–1.3 times as long as penultimate segment; length of malar space 1.3–1.6 times basal width of mandible; length of first tergite 1.7–2.0 times as long as its apical width; second tergite 0.7–0.8 times as long as wide apically; hind tarsus blackish brown to light brown.
NE Vietnam: Bac Kan and S Vietnam: Ban Me Thuat, Dak Lak, Pleicu, Tay Ninh.
Unknown.
From “flavus” (Latin for “yellow”), and “stigma” (Greek for “mark”), because of the entirely yellow pterostigma.
Central North Vietnam: Nghe An. Outside Vietnam known from India, China and Thailand. Thailand (RMNH) and Vietnam are new records.
Holotype, ♂ (RMNH), “C. Vietnam: Thua Thien Hué, Phong Dién N.R., n[ea]r base-camp, 50–100 m, 25.iii.2001, C. van Achterberg, RMNH’01”.
The new species is close to the Palaearctic
The new species is similar to
Holotype, ♂, length of body 6.0 mm, of fore wing 5.7 mm.
Antennal segments 39, densely bristly setose, setose length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.0, 2.4 and 1.5 times their width, respectively; penultimate segment half as long as apical segment (including spine); scapus cylindrical, 2.1 times as long as wide; length of maxillary palp 0.6 times height of head; length of malar space twice basal with of mandible and 0.4 times height of head (
Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; subpronope medium-sized, rather shallow; side of pronotum smooth, but with some punctures dorsally and crenulate posteriorly; area near lateral carina of mesoscutum distinctly crenulate; mesoscutum distinctly rather densely punctate and shiny, but sparsely punctate posteriorly; middle lobe of mesoscutum slightly grooved; notauli rather narrow, rather deep and distinctly crenulate (
Fore wing: second submarginal cell narrow anteriorly, without ramellus (
Hind coxa rather pimply dorsally, basally punctate but largely smooth; length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.9, 6.7 and 7.6 times their width, respectively; hind femur coarsely punctate, ventrally coarsely rugose and with rather short setae (
First tergite rather slender, smooth, slightly widened apically (
Dark brown (including antenna, pterostigma and veins); wing membrane slightly infuscate and without a distinct stigmal spot; head, pronotum and mesoscutum yellowish-brown; first tergite ivory; fore and middle legs (middle coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and base of middle femur dark brown and telotarsi slightly infuscate) brownish-yellow.
C Vietnam: Thua Thieu Hué. Further known from China (Fujian).
Unknown.
From “micro” (Greek for “small”), and “ocellus” (Latin for “small eye”), because of the small ocelli.
This paper has been made possible by a Temminck-Fellowship from NCB Naturalis to the second author. He is grateful to the staff of the former Department of Entomology (Naturalis), especially the head of the department, Dr Jan van Tol, for the hospitality during the three months stay at NCB Naturalis. The first author gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of Prof. Dr Jiahua Chen and Dr Jianquan Yang, Beneficial Insects Laboratory, Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China during his visits to China. Mrs Gunvi Linberg (Stockholm) is thanked for the loan of the types of