Corresponding authors: Xin Xu (
Academic editor: M. Arnedo
Here for the first time the presence of the trapdoor spider genus
Xu X, Xu C, Liu F, Zhang Z, Li D (2017) Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus
The family
Ctenizids were traditionally divided into two subfamilies based on morphological features,
The genus
In this study, four new
Specimens were examined under an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope, and photographed using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Genitalia were cleaned in boiling KOH for a few minutes to dissolve soft tissues. All the specimens were deposited at the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution
Abbreviations used are:
anterior lateral eye
anterior median eye
posterior lateral eye
posterior median eye
median ocular area
posterior median spinneret
posterior lateral spinneret
The genus
Female (XUC-2014-062), Mt. Baiyun, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China,
‘Baiyun’ refers to the type locality of this species.
Female of
Total length, including chelicerae, 12.50; carapace 4.80 long, 4.40 wide; opisthosoma 6.70 long, 5.20 wide. Carapace black brown, glabrous, with a few slender setae on eye tubercle and its back (Fig.
Legs black brown, light-coloured ventrally, with long and short brown sparse setae, short thorn-like and normal spines. Tibia III with a saddle-like depression dorsally on the basal part (Fig.
Opisthosoma black, scattered with thick and slender black setae. Spinnerets brownish yellow,
Guangdong Province (Mt. Baiyun, Guangzhou), China.
Female (XUC-2014-002+), Minghua Village, Daxin Town, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Province, China,
‘Daxin’ refers to the type locality of this species.
Female of
Total length, including chelicerae, 10.40; carapace 4.00 long, 4.60 wide; opisthosoma 5.60 long, 4.90 wide. Carapace light brown, glabrous, with 3 slender setae on eye tubercle and 4 on its back (Fig.
Legs light brown, light-colored ventrally, with long and short brown sparse setae. All tarsi with tadpole-shaped trichobothrial hairs besides the normal ones. Basal part of tibia III with a saddle-like depression dorsally (Fig.
Opisthosoma black, scattered with thick and slender black setae. Spinnerets brownish,
Guangxi Province (Chongzuo), China.
Female (C-YN-005), Sidiechong, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, China,
One female (C-YN-003) collected at Baka Village, Menglun Town, Mengla City, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China,
‘Sidiechong’ refers to the type locality of the holotype specimen of this species.
Female genitalia of
Total length, including chelicerae 25.50; carapace 9.00 long, 9.30 wide; opisthosoma 13.50 long, 10.80 wide. Carapace black brown, black on its margin; with 4 slender setae on eye tubercle and 5 on its back. Caput arched. Fovea deep, strongly procurved and U-shaped (Fig.
Legs black brown, light-coloured ventrally, with long and short brown sparse setae. All tarsi with tadpole-shaped trichobothrial hairs besides the normal ones. Tibia III with a saddle-like depression dorsally (Fig.
Opisthosoma black, scattered with thick and slender black setae. Spinnerets brownish,
Yunnan Province (Mojiang, Mengla), China; Oudomxay Province, Laos.
Female (XUC-2014-001+), Mt. Yunding, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, China,
‘Yunding’ refers to the type locality of this species.
Female of
Total length, including chelicerae 18.30; carapace 7.00 long, 6.80 wide; opisthosoma 9.10 long, 7.90 wide. Carapace black brown, black on its margin; with 9 slender setae on eye tubercle and 3 on its back (Fig.
Legs black brown, light-coloured ventrally, with long and short brown sparse setae. All tarsi with tadpole-shaped trichobothrial hairs besides the normal ones. Tibia III with a saddle-like depression dorsally (Fig.
Opisthosoma black, scattered with thick and slender black setae. Spinnerets brownish,
Yunnan Province (Mt. Yunding, Tengchong), China.
This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC) (31601850; 31272324) and the Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier 1 grant (R-154-000-638-112). We thank Danielle Klomp, Yixin Li, Hirotsugu Ono and Vera Opatova for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript, and also thank the staff of the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (