Corresponding author: Xue-xin Chen (
Academic editor: B. Santos
The East Palaearctic and North Oriental species of the genus
Wu Q, Achterberg C van, Tan JL, Chen XX (2016) Review of the East Palaearctic and North Oriental
The large subfamily
The material examined is deposited in the collections of the Zhejiang University (
For identification of the subfamily
Descriptions and measurements were made under a stereomicroscope (Zeiss Stemi SV 6). Photographs were made with an Olympus SZX12 motorized stereomicroscope with AnalySIS Extended Focal Imaging Software or with Keyence VHX-2000 and -5000 digital microscopes. Adobe Photoshop software was used to make small adjustments and to assemble the plates.
(mainly after
Parasitoids of larvae of
Cosmopolitan, except Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
Tobias and Jakimavičius (1986) synonymized
All known
The genus
1 | Scutellum distinctly protruding above level of mesoscutum; hypopygium of ♀ distinctly acute apically and about 0.3 times as long as metasoma |
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– | Scutellum at level of mesoscutum; hypopygium of ♀ variable, |
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2 | Hypopygium of ♀ often distinctly acute apically and 0.3–0.6 times as long as metasoma, |
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– | Hypopygium of ♀ obtuse apically or nearly so and 0.1–0.3 times as long as metasoma; |
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3 | Propodeum with medio-longitudinal carina anteriorly; vein m-cu of fore wing often gradually merging into 2-CU1 and linear with vein 2-M or nearly so; vein 1r-m of hind wing less oblique and 0.6–1.0 times as long as vein 1-M (combined with a comparatively wide hind wing); anterior groove of metapleuron crenulate dorsally; vein CU1b of fore wing medium-sized |
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– | Medio-longitudinal carina of propodeum absent anteriorly; vein m-cu of fore wing angled with vein 2-M, |
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1 | Scutellum medio-posteriorly densely setose and micro-sculptured, and slightly protruding or pinched subposteriorly (Figs |
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– | Scutellum medio-posteriorly with some setae and smooth, and flat subposteriorly (Figs |
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2 | Propodeum with pair of complete, medium-sized and coarsely crenulate grooves sublaterally (Fig. |
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– | Propodeum at most with pair of finely crenulate narrow grooves (Fig. |
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3 | Vein r of fore wing 0.7–1.0 times vein 2-SR (Fig. |
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– | Vein r of fore wing 0.3–0.5 times vein 2-SR (Figs |
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4 | Vein 2-SR+M of fore wing 3.5–4.0 times as long as wide (Fig. |
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– | Vein 2-SR+M of fore wing about twice as long as wide; vein m-cu of fore wing strongly curved |
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5 | Vein r of fore wing about 0.8 times vein 2-SR; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing about as long as vein cu-a |
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– | Vein r of fore wing about as long as vein 2-SR; vein 1-CU1 of fore wing at most 0.7 times as long as vein cu-a |
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6 | Head directly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, eye 3–6 times longer than temple (Figs |
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– | Head gradually narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view, eye 1.8–2.5 times longer than temple (Figs |
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7 | Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing strongly widened and nearly as long as vein 2-CU1 (Figs |
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– | Vein 1-CU1 of fore wing at most moderately widened and much shorter than vein 2-CU1 (Figs |
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8 | OOL 2.0–2.4 times diameter of posterior ocellus and POL slightly longer than diameter of ocellus (Fig. |
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– | OOL 1.2–1.7 times diameter of posterior ocellus and POL 0.8–1.0 times diameter of ocellus (Figs |
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9 | Mesosoma orange brown, contrasting with mainly black metasoma (Fig. |
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– | Mesosoma mainly black or dark brown as metasoma (Fig. |
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Lectotype of
1 ♂ (
Holotype of
Armenia; Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Lithuania; Moldova; Netherlands (new record); Norway (id.); Poland; Russia (including Far East); Sweden; Switzerland; Uzbekistan and former Yugoslavia; introduced into Canada.
Endoparasitoid of
In
Lectotype of
1 ♀ (
As aptly indicated by its name the female lectotype of
Redescribed ♀ from Shaanxi (Ningshan), length of body 3.9 mm, of fore wing 4.2 mm.
France, Kazakhstan, Russia Far East (as
Unknown.
Australia (Queensland), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Réunion, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Introduced in Brazil, China (Taiwan), Fiji, Guam, Japan (Ryukyu Isl.), Philippines, Puerto Rico and U.S.A. (Hawaii, Florida).
Parasitoid of
4 ♀ 4 ♂ (
China (Fujian), India, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines (Luzon). Introduced in U.S.A. (Hawaii, Florida), Mexico, Fiji, Guam and Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia) (
Parasitoid of
The series reared in the lab has either the basal half of pterostigma entirely dark brown and similar to its apical half (Fig.
Holotype, ♂ (
Easily recognizable species, because of the unique long, widened and slightly curved vein 1-CU1 of the fore wing (Fig.
Holotype, ♂, length of body 3.5 mm, of fore wing 2.8 mm.
China (Hainan).
Unknown.
From “latus” (Latin for “wide”) and “nervus” (Latin for “nerve, vein”) because of the widened vein 1-CU1 of the fore wing.
Holotype, ♀ (
The new species runs in the key to the subgenus
Holotype, ♀, length of body 3.3 mm, of fore wing 3.2 mm.
China (Hainan, Guizhou).
Unknown.
From “major” (Latin for “larger”) and “ocellus” (Latin for “small eye”) because of the larger ocelli.
Very similar to
China (Taiwan, type locality); Indonesia (Java); Malaysia (Peninsular), Philippines (Mindanao); Thailand; U.S.A. (Hawaii, introduced but not retrieved).
Parasitoid of
2 ♀ (
In the East Palaearctic region the only similar
Redescribed after ♀ from Novorossijka, length of body 4.4 mm, of fore wing 4.4 mm.
China (Gansu, *Shaanxi), Russia Far East, Korea.
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀ (
1 ♀ (
See
Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.6 mm, of fore wing 4.8 mm.
Russia Far East.
Unknown.
Holotype, ♀ (
The new species runs in the keys to Palaearctic
Holotype, ♀, length of body 5.6 mm, of fore wing 5.2 mm.
Japan.
Unknown.
The name refers to the showy combination of colours of this species: “
Holotype of
The combination of lacking the medio-posterior depression of the mesoscutum (Fig.
China (Fujian (as
Unknown.
The inclusion of
The holotype of
The research was only possible because the Tobias types were kindly loaned by Drs Sergey Belokobylskij and Konstantin Samartsev (