Testudacarine sexual dimorphism: female dorsal shield (A) and ventral shield (C) differing from male (B, D) by the following characters: 1) dorso-glandularia-4 positioned far closer to muscle scares; 2) area of secondary sclerotization always present (males rarely present; very small if present); 3) with shorter coxae-II+III midline; 4) genital field enveloped by coxal field; 5) larger and rounder body (males around 80% of female size); 6) excretory pore well separated from ventral line of secondary sclerotization.

 
 
  Part of: O’Neill JC, Fisher JR, Nelson WA, Skvarla MJ, Fisher DM, Dowling APG (2016) Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America. ZooKeys 582: 13-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.582.7684