a–b Peduncle of Arcoscalpellum sp. 1 not covered by coenosteum of Errina labrosa sp. n. c–d Peduncle of Arcoscalpellum sp. 2 not covered by coenosteum in Inferiolabiata spinosa and SEM micrograph of same species e scalpelline sp. 2 concentrated in the basal portion in Errina antarctica f peduncle Ornatoscalpellum cf. gibberum attached to but free of coral skeleton in Errina antarctica g circular bumps with little depressions on the top in Errina antarctica h scalpelline sp. 3 with peduncle fully and lower margin of capitulum partially covered by the calcareous skeleton of Stephanohelia sp.