Principal component analyses (PCA) of transformed GC×GC/MS data of 48 female CHs from seven populations of the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex. (Variables factor map) projection of variables on the plane defined by the first two principal components. (Hierarchical clustering) score plot describing the populations and their clustering. Key: AL – Alagoas, AL, Brazil; BEN – Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil; CAC – Cachipay, Colombia; DUI – Duitama, Colombia; PEL – Pelotas, RS, Brazil; SAO – São Joaquim, SC, Brazil; SIB – Sibundoy, Colombia. A1–19 – n-alkanes; B1–11 – methylbranched hydrocarbons; C1–11 – alkenes; D1–7 – alkadienes. Colored boxes indicate particular clusters.