A–C Scoleces with rostellum-like organs and retractor muscles. A Without hooks. Ritacestus ritaii (Verma, 1926) (modified from de Chambrier et al. 2011) B With hooks. Gangesia bengalensis (Southwell, 1913) (modified from Ash et al. 2012) C Partly-invaginated. Sagittal section, ho: hooks; rm: retractor muscles; lm; longitudinal muscles. Vermaia pseudotropii (Verma, 1928) (modified from Ash et al. 2010) D–F Egg modifications D Egg cluster in a capsule. Vandiermenia beveridgei (de Chambrier & de Chambrier, 2010) (modified from de Chambrier and de Chambrier 2010) E Egg with two polar projections. Brooksiella praeputialis (Rego, Santos & Silva, 1974) (modified from de Chambrier et al. 2004a) F Eggs with two polar projections. Rudolphiella spp. from Calophysus macropterus (two eggs above) and Megalonema platanum, respectively (modified from Gil de Pertierra and de Chambrier 2000) G–H Ovary size G Relatively large ovary (16.4% proglottid surface) in Gangesia agraensis Verma, 1928 (modified from Ash et al. 2012) H Relatively small ovary in Ophiotaenia lapata Rambeloson, Ranaivoson & de Chambrier (2012) (2.8% of proglottid surface) (modified from Rambeloson et al. 2012). Scale-bars: A, B, C = 100 µm; D, E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm; G = 200 µm; H = 500 µm.