Pupal characteristics of Wormaldia sarda sp. n., Philopotamus montanus, and Wormaldia spp. A generalized pupal abdomen in dorsal view, depicting the position of the dorsal sclerites B dorsal sclerites of Philopotamus montanus C dorsal sclerites of Wormaldia occipitalis D dorsal sclerites of W. sarda sp. n. E head of W. sarda pupa in left lateral view F head of W. sarda pupa in ventral view G pupal mandibles of Philopotamus montanus in ventral view H pupal mandibles of Wormaldia copiosa in ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm (B); 50 µm (C, D).