In situ images of Palythoa mizigama sp. n. and P. umbrosa sp. n. a P. mizigama; single radial lines visible on oral disks. Image taken by Y. Irei on September 28, 2009, at Mizugama, Okinawa Island, Japan b P. mizigama; several radial lines visible on oral disks. Image taken by J. Reimer on April 22, 2010, at Mizugama c P. mizigama; with no radial lines on oral disks. Image taken by Y. Irei on April 12, 2009, at Mizugama d P. mizigama; closed polyps. Image taken by Y. Irei on June 16, 2009, at Mizugama e P. umbrosa (TW_18); closed polyps. Image taken by Y. Irei on November 2, 2009, at Lyudao, Taiwan f P. umbrosa (IRI_TF2); closed polyps. Image taken by T. Fujii on November 9, 2012, at Sotobanari Island, Yaeyama Islands, Japan.