Maximum likelihood phylogram of Pavona maldivensis and P. explanulata based on combined mitochondrial intergenic spacer between CO1 and 16S-rRna and nuclear marker ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences. Support values for maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony (>70) and bayesian posterior probabilities (>80) are given at the nodes. Dashes (-) indicate nodes without statistical support. Letters in parentheses correspond to images a–l in rows L and R. L: coral colonies in situ, R: SEM images of calices. Locality for the coral samples are: LAC = Layang-Layang, LOY = Loyalty Islands, MAL = the Maldives, BAN = Banggi, East Malaysia, TER = Ternate, Indonesia, RED = Redang, Peninsular Malaysia. a–b P. maldivensis from Layang-Layang c–d P. maldivensis from Loyalty Islands e–f P. maldivensis from the Maldives g–h P. explanulata from Banggi, Sabah i–j P. explanulata from Banggi, Sabah k–l P. explanulata from Ternate, Indonesia. Additional samples KF437780Pavona maldivensis and KF437762Pavona cf. explanulata are from Pearl and Hermes Atoll, the northwest Hawaiian Islands and O’ahu, Hawaii, respectively (Luck et al. 2013). Outgroup LK934507, HE978501Leptoseris foliosa is from Prony Bay, New Caledonia (Benzoni et al. 2012b, Terraneo et al. 2014).