Sampling locations of Palythoa mizigama sp. n. and P. umbrosa sp. n. specimens. a Okinawa Island b Tokashiki Island c Yaeyama Islands d Lyudao (Green Island) e Kenting f PoindimiƩ. Palythoa mizigama was found from Ryukyu Archipelago, Taiwan and New Caledonia (a, b, c, e, f), while P. umbrosa was found from the Yaeyama Islands and Taiwan (c, d).